EXPERIMENT 8.

M
sodiumn carbonate solution.
Toprepare 10
 56
PRACTICAL CHEMMSTt
THEORY
mass is 106. OUANT
Sodium carbonate is a primary standard. Its molecular
carbonateshould be
Na,C0, solution,10.6 g of sodium
M
To prepare
of the solution.
10.
Normally in the laboratory we are required to prepare 250 ml of dis olved peritn
M Na,C0, solution,
Therefore, to prepare 250 ml of 10
10.6
4
2.650 g of sodium soluti
dissolved in
lesser quantity of water and the solution
diluted tÏ exactly 250 ml.
carbonate
APPARATUS
Weight bOx, chemical balance, watch glass, 250 ml beaker, glass rod, 250 ml measurng
flask, wash bottle.
PROCEDURE
1. Takea watch glass, wash it with distilled
water and then dry it.
2. Weigh the clean and dried watch glass accurately and
record its
weight in the
book. note
3. Weigh 2.650 g sodium carbonate on the watch glass accurately and record this
in the note-book. weight
4. Transfer gently and carefully sodium carbonate from the watch glass intto a
250 ml beaker. Wash the watch glass with distilled water with the help of a clean
bottle to transfer the particles sticking to it into beaker (Fig. 8.7). The wash
distilled water for this purpose should not be more than 50 ml. volume
of
5. Dissolve sodium carbonate crystals in the beaker by gentle stirring with aclean
rod. glas
6. When the sodium carbonate in the beaker is completely dissolved, transfer camfhil
the entire solution from the beaker into a 250 ml measuring flask with the heha
funnel (Fig. 8.8).

Fig. 8.7. Washing of watch glass to

transfer sticking particles to beaker.
 ESTIMATION(vOLUMETAIC
ANALYSIS) 57
TAVE

Air
Air

Funnel
stagd

last traces of
Fig. 8.9. Transferringmeasuring flask.
Transferring solution solution to
Fig. 8.8. to measuring flask. into the measuring
washings
distilled water. Transfer the
beaker with
Wash the
7. flask (Fig. 8.9). water with the help of a wash
with distilled
thoroughly measuring flask
the
Finally wash the funnelsolution sticking to the funnel into
8 the
bottle to transfer
(Fig. 8.10).

Use pipete to
add last drop
of water to
make
the volume
upto the mark

drop of
pipette to add last
solution Fig. 8.11. Usingthe volume upto the mark.
Washing last traces offlask. water to make
Fig. 8.10. the measuring uptojust below the etched
from funnel to measuringflask carefully
the bottle
distilled water towash
9. Add enough of
mark onit, with the help
 58 PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY
10. Add the last few drops of distilled water with a pipette until the lower
meniscus just touches the mark on the measuring flask (Fig. 8.111.
11. Stopper the measuring flask and shake gently to make the sollution uniform
level of the
out. Label it as
10
M
sodium carbonate solution. through.
EXPERIMENT 8.2

M
Prepare 10 oralic acid solution.

THEORY
M
The molecular mass of oxalic acid is 126. In order to prepare Oxalic acid solution, 126
10
12.6
g of oxalic acid should be dissolved per litre of solution. Alternatively, 4 =3.15 gof oxalic
acid crystals should be dissolved in water and the solution be made exactly 250 ml.
PROCEDURE
Same as in experiment 8.1.
 EXPERIMENT 8.3

Prepare 250 ml of 5N HCIfrom the given 12N HCL.

THEORY
To prepare 250 ml of 5N HCl from 12N HCI, the volume of
can be calculated by using the normality equation : concentrated acid
N,V, =N,V,
where, N, =Normality of concentrated acid = 12 N
V, = Volume of concentrated acid required -?
N, = Normality of dilute acid to be prepared =5N
V, = Volume of dilute acid to be prepared =250 ml.
12 xV, =5 x 250
5x 250
Or V,= = 104.2 ml
12
Therefore 104.2 ml of concentrated acid should be taken and diluted with water to mal.
the volume 250 ml. The resulting solution will be 5N HCI.
APPARATUS
Measuring cylinder, 250 ml measuring flask, beakers and glass rod.
PROCEDURE
1. Calculate the volume of l2N HCl required for preparing 250 ml of 5N HCI.
2. With the help of a measuring cylinder, take about 100 ml of distilled water in a400 al
beaker. (This volume of water is slightly less than the volume of waterwhich wille
required).
3. Take 104.2 ml of given concentrated HCI ina measuring cylinder. Add it slowly and
carefully, with stirring with a glass rod, to the water taken in the beaker. Col the
beaker under tap water from time to time.
4. After all the acid has been added, transfer the solution from the beaker to a 250 l
measuring flask. Add more of water so that the total volurne becomes 250 ml.
5. asStopper the measuring flask and shake the solution wellto make it uniform. Label
5N HCI.
QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION (VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS) 61
PRECAUTIONS
1 While diluting acid with water, always add acid to water and
not the water to
acid.
2. Pour the concentrated acid into water very slowly.
3. When sulphuric acid is diluted, dilution is done in instalments and the mixture is
cooled under tap water after each addition. This is done because dilution of sulphuric
acid is exothermic and a large amount of heat is liberated during its dilution.
4. Concentrated acids are highly corrosive and therefore, should be handled with great
care.
5. Measure the concentrated acid in a small measuring cylinder. If pipette is to be used,
make use of a pipette filler. Do not suck it.
6. Goon stirring the solution with a glass rod when you are adding the concentrated
acid to water. This ensures uniform rise of temperature throughout the solution.
This avoids local heating which may otherwise break the glass vessel.
7. If any acid falls on any part of the body, wash it with water thoroughly. Then apply
some ointment.