Секция 5.

Педагогика

Ibragimova Liliya Ahmatyanovna, University of Nizhnevartovsk,

Professor, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Department of General and Social Pedagogy,
E‑mail: [email protected]
Rodikov Alexander Stepanovich, University of Nizhnevartovsk,
Ph. D., Associate Professor Department of General and Social Pedagogy
E‑mail: [email protected]

Basic guide of modern Russian education

Abstract: This article is devoted to the study of the problems of modern Russian education in the context of
globalization of the world of education. The publication addresses the main guide of the modern Russian education.
It presents an analysis of contemporary processes of globalization and their impact on the international scientific
community.
Keywords: trend of globalization, informatization, information resources, transdisciplinary knowledge,
phenomenology of setevizm.
At the present phase of development of society to the top of the world becoming a global relates of
content and direction of changes in the Russian system the III — VII centuries AD [33], R. Robertson and
of education directly related to the new resources of M. Waters — the XV and XVI centuries [30]. The term
society, need to cause changes in the content, structure, “globalization” was first introduced to science as one of
management activity of the head of the modern the conceptual terms J. McLean in 1981. In more detail
educational institution, the system requirements for this concept has been described by R. Robertson in
the individual manager of the new type. New rapidly 1980 [29]. It was the beginning of the emergence of
changing society largely complicates management fundamental research on globalization (A. Appadurai,
activities leader, which should be formed professional M. Archer, G. Ianni, B. Turner, I. Wallerstein,
qualities of the person oriented global trends in education M. Featherstone et al.)
and providing him professional success. It is necessary a Globalization processes associated first of all
deep awareness of the characteristics of these trends of with changes in social interactions based on the
modern civilization. dichotomy — “local/global”. So according to L. Skler,
The study of management problems in education globalization creates a system of transnational practices
shows that today more and more difficult to talk “at this economy — multinational companies, at the
about the education system in any particular country, policy level — the transnational capitalist class, on the
because undeniable are centripetal tendencies of level of ideology and culture — consumerism” [31].
global educational process, called globalization — one By A. Giddens globalization is “the intensification
of the main problems of the modern world (U. Beck, of spreading worldwide social relations which link
A. Giddens, C. Lasch, F. Lecher, R. Robertson, L. Skler, localities in this way that local events are formed on the
G. Therborn, M. Waters, M. Featherstone et al.) many miles away and vice versa” [28], that determines
Prerequisites of contemporary globalization the formation of new social organizations.
processes were: the information revolution, increased The main thing in this process is the transformation
competition in the world, the population explosion, of the world into “a single socio-cultural place,” in which
etc. As a result, it became significant for all countries in the expansion of the “universal values​​“ Western-style,
the world such realities as the growth of international according to the writings of R. Robertson [30].
trade and multinational corporations, international The study M. A. Cheshkov globality is defined
organizations and communications networks, as well as as a broad “a set of processes and structures, which
multiculturalism. can be termed as the process of interdependence,
Study of the characteristics of globalization interpenetration and mutual of the various components
and its influence on the world international scientific of most of the international community, that is, in
community began to pay special attention to the second the modern world there is a single entity, where any
half of the XX-th century. Meanwhile, the study of the local event is determined by events at other loci,
problems associated with the process of globalization, and vice versa” [23]. In general these processes determine
shows that they are not new. So G. Therborn attributes the phenomenon of globalization and globality.
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Section 5. Pedagogy

According to U. Beck globalization processes lead a planetary character. The involved in globalization
to the erosion of the sovereignty of nation-states, to the countries acquire certain benefits through increased
decisive role of transnational corporations (TNC) to production scale, cost reduction, quality improvement
the interpenetration of the local cultures. The growing and opportunities to expand the range of products on
trend of globalization, according to scientist, contribute the market. It is evidenced by data analysis of studies
to global dangers: conducted by the World Bank [20].
1) “environmental catastrophe caused by the With globalization are related not only positive
high level of technical and economic development trends in the world, but also the complexity, non-linearity
(greenhouse effect, industrial pollution, the ozone” hole, and extreme mobility of modern society, which gives it
etc.); a number of specific features. So certain events in one
2) environmental disasters caused by a low level of country can lead to unintended consequences worldwide.
(lack of drinking water, deforestation, etc.); It takes place “not only the universalization of certain
3) disasters caused by the existence of weapons of scientific, technological, information models, but the
mass destruction [27]. universalization of the problems associated with the same
The appearance of the risk society as a global achievements of science and technology” [5]. It reinforces
phenomenon leads to a “second modernity”, which, the responsibility of society as a whole and for each
according to G. Toborn, is “a flight of modernity in space” country separately to humanity for the world processes.
[33]. However the findings of a study by scientists at the
Suchwise it can be argued that at the current phase phenomenon prevail the predominance of culture in
globalization becomes a key concept that characterizes society over the economy and politics. Support of this
global development processes. It is characterized by opinion we find in the writings of M. Waters [34].
complexity and expansion interdependent relations as On this basis we believe that the role of education as
between people as states. It manifests in the formation an important part of the culture of society can be seen
of the global information environment, capital markets, as leading in a global society. It promotes the formation
international conflicts and security, internalization of of identity in the new spatial dimension: the global space,
environmental problems, etc. Therefore the process of which may differ significantly from the cultural values​​
globalization begins to cover most of the life of society, of any particular country, nationality, social group, etc.
including politics, ideology, culture, conditions and For example, in America Association of control and the
lifestyle, education. “It is a process of global economic, development of education as a global education sees in
political and cultural integration and unification. The the study of beyond national borders, it focuses on
main consequence of this is the global division of labor, awareness training, people’s perception of other cultures
migration across the planet capital, human resources and and helps to see the world through the eyes of others.
production, standardization of legislation, economic Investigation of the processes associated with the
and technological processes, as well as convergence of development of the education system and changes in the
different cultures. It is an objective, natural historical global society show that the modern education system
process that has systemic nature, namely covers all linked to new social realities and primarily with the
aspects of society. “ [22]. global market of educational services.
According to Indura M. Goklani thanks to If we talk about the trends of globalization and
globalization the modern world community says about their relationship with the educational system in the
such categories as “indicator of human well-being”, Russian Federation, it should be noted that these
which includes the per capita consumption of food, processes today are irreversible and objective. The new
infant mortality, child labor, life expectancy and “human federal law “On Education in the Russian Federation”
development index” (HDI), which the researcher pays (from 29.12.2012) emphasizes, that “… the content of
special attention. He includes in HDI so options such: education should promote mutual understanding and
“life expectancy, level of education and the logarithm of cooperation between people, nations regardless of racial,
per capita income.” Quality education is “fundamentally national, ethnic, religious or social affiliation, address the
necessary for the preservation and creation of new diversity of worldviews approaches … “ [17]. According
human capital” [9]. to Russian liberal ideologues the goals of globalization in
In general the impact of globalization on human education is possible only in market relations. Under
society can be defined as positive. The process has these conditions significantly reduced the state’s role in
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 Секция 5. Педагогика

the management of the education sector, which in — new societal needs and challenges of demography;
our view helps educational institutions more responsive — a fundamental contradiction between education
to react on changes taking place in modern society. and situational needs of the market.
Limiting the role of the state in managing the It should highlight features of today’s education
education sector is observed in the foreign experience. The process:
study notes that “… in many countries today a centralized • applied knowledge of the nature of the production
state control over educational institutions, especially process;
school, replaced the supervision of the local authorities • the emergence of transdisciplinary knowledge;
and non-governmental organizations, which are a kind • emergence of complex and nonlinear social and
of boards of trustees, which along with representatives technical knowledge by create relationships between
of local government and parents include the business participants;
community. Reducing the financial participation of the • high social responsibility for the results produced
state in the development of education, the introduction by training and knowledge;
of market-based management of educational institutions, • expansion of the base control and quality
promoting competition between schools lead to monitoring.
the commercialization of education. Market (as In search of solutions to the problems explored
an institution) begins to define the ultimate goals, prospects of a new civilization as reflected in studies
objectives and organization of education, displacing Z. Bzezinski, P. Byukenen, I. Wallerstein, E. Giddens,
the state in this sphere. Students are increasingly seen J. Galbraith, P. Drucker, E. Luttwak, M. Castells, Henry
not as citizens with the right to education, as well as Kissinger, J. Nesbit, Alvin Toffler, A. Touraine, L. Thurow,
consumers of educational services and on the basis Francis Fukuyama, Samuel Huntington, A. Etzioni, etc.
of such an approach built their relationships with Among the controversial issues we have identified such
educational institutions. Actively go in life so concepts as: new world order, the transformation of its economy,
such as “market education”, “educational enterprise”, the rapid the emergence of the information economy.
“business of education”, etc. “ [1, p. 45]. Consideration of social change, including in the
Analysis of the results of scientific research has education system, in the format of globalization has
allowed us to identify the main problems the solution allowed us to note the actual phenomenology of
of which a region of co-existence of globalization and social reality, such as: information, society “knowledge”,
education: a network organization of society. It is revealed that a
• strategic direction of internationalization of decisive influence on the processes of globalization and
education; the education system today has informatization.
• increasing assertion of transnational education; Information of the society began in the 70s of XX
• ensuring compliance with international quality; century and revamped its vital functions. Assess its value
• effective cooperation at the regional and actually manages to scale only in the context of
and interregional levels; globalization. For example the process of transformation
• the emergence of virtual universities: of educational institutions in the agencies working on the
• implementation in the educational system basis of integrated information networks (which involves
communication and information technologies; education globalization) includes the addition of new
• problems of access and equity in education [16]. technologies and the inevitable changes in mentality.
Globalization begins to show more demanding Today we can talk about becoming a fundamentally
to educational systems around the world. Degree of “new environment — automated infosphere. Dominant
social responsibility in the context of globalization is trend of further development of modern civilization is the
greatly increased, as otherwise the regulator relations transition from an industrial to an information society in
are only market mechanisms leading to economic which the objects and results of the overwhelming majority
dominance in education. The phenomenon of of the labor will be employed population information
globalization in the education system should be resources and scientific knowledge “ [11]. The education
considered when we are talking about the structural system in these processes has confirmed acceptance of the
organization of the educational space. Concept of education informatization. It emphasizes that the
The main problems of modern Russian computerization of education — is “the process of preparing
education include: a person for a full life in the information society” [11].
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Section 5. Pedagogy

In the process of informatization the human resource 1. Informatization of society led to the creation of
becomes important organization’s ability for competition. huge databases and knowledge bases.
Increased competition in the business world is the need 2. Technologies of information on distance has been
to intervene more in the educational process and new developed and implemented
demands to the education system. An important task of 3. the World Wide Web has been created.
education is continuous training of “human resources” It has led to a completely new interaction
to work in a rapidly changing society. between people. Gradually information becomes a
However problems arise insistently talking about the commodity that can be bought or sold. Society became
crisis of education worldwide. Informatization has made known information. Main dimension of this society —
mostly superficial changes in educational process. Today technology. It is characterized by the generation
the traditional education system is not able to form a of information on a massive scale. It is important
new power of creation. It confirms the results of studies knowledge of “how to act” implemented within the
conducted by the American scientist F. G. Coombs, on “knowledge economy”.
which analysis was made of difficulties in education. The The knowledge society is becoming a guarantor of
researcher concluded that the crisis phenomena in it, high economic development of individual countries and
noting that “depending on the conditions prevailing in TNC, but does not provide the quality and safety of their
different countries, the crisis is manifested in different members’ lives. “Some countries and big multinationals
forms, stronger or weaker. But his inner springs have adopted more powerful productive forces, what was
equally exude in all countries — developed and the information and knowledge of the” how to act “with
developing, rich and poor, have long been famous for its the purpose of their further enrichment. So according
educational institutions or with great difficulty creating to the World Bank in 1973 the income gap between the
them now “…” [13]. richest and poorest countries are determined by the
Informatization product becomes so-called ratio 44:1 and at the beginning of the XXI century this
“knowledge society.” It replaced the accumulation figure increased to 72:1 “ [19].
of capital in the form of things and money comes Strategic perspective trends of modern social
development and accumulation of information, lending development becomes that in the near future a certain
and investment contribution in creative activities. New group of countries significantly increase its role in
features information networks to transfer information, global processes by priority production and use of new
processing done many conventional procedures that knowledge, thereby improving the quality of life and
were impossible 30 years ago. Changes in daily life safety of its citizens. The rest of the country not mastered
confirm the trends of our society in transition “knowledge this knowledge and tools to become more dependent
society.” In studies of P. Drucker it says: “knowledge is on the first group and will be settled with her for the
relatively detached from its carrier-man quickly began to blessings of civilization cheap labor, natural resources,
emerge as one of the independent factors of production environmental quotas and other components of its
adding to capital and labor” [7]. national security [8].
Under a society based on knowledge (Knowledge In the context of a knowledge society change its
society) it means “a society, where knowledge permeate characteristics:
all spheres, they are not only created inside it, but also — the pace of innovation is accelerated;
efficiently and effectively used. Economics of such a — product development cycles is reduced;
society creates, distributes and uses its knowledge to — the share of services in the economy is increased;
ensure its growth and competitiveness” [25]. In the — the power and speed of computers simultaneously
social environment such paramount importance is the with the falling prices of hardware are increased;
availability of the latest information, knowledge and skills. — negated by the physical distance as a
Analysis of the results of research on this communication barrier and as a factor of economic
problem it is possible to identify the main features of a competitiveness through the development of
society based on knowledge. All societies evolutionarily telecommunications and satellite technologies to
come to replace each other accompanied by the transmit data at high speed and at low cost;
creation and implementation of new knowledge for its — technology is pervasived communications
development. From the 1980–1990’s marked certain through the dissemination of the Internet and mobile
qualitative changes in the process: telephony.
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 Секция 5. Педагогика

So today only those who have the knowledge on this basis vector integral development of society,
and technology of its use and processing can oriented to improve the quality of life and security of
dramatically improve their economic performance. all its members” [8].
Evaluation of “eight”, “society’s ability to form, disseminate A. N. Dobrynin and S. A. Dyatlov give in their study
and apply knowledge is crucial for sustainable economic the following definition of the concept of “human
growth and improve living standards” [15]. capital” — “ it is formed as a result of investments and
The general trend is that the current stage of gained a man certain stock health, knowledge, skills,
development of the world economy is defined abilities, motivations, which are expedient used in the
knowledge in the form of ideas and technologies. Modern labor process, promoting the growth of productivity
production is largely dependent on the availability of and earnings. At an individual level, human capital
highly qualified specialists in the field of digital design, stock includes health, abilities, knowledge and skills “ [6].
information technology and communications and Meanwhile the results of Russian and international
computerized robots equipped with control systems, studies show that in Russia there is a loss of human
rather than from physical and manual labor. All these capital. This is due to demographic and migration
new technologies are developing rapidly and require processes in our country, reducing the quality and level
complex knowledge, skills and competencies that must be of education, general culture, health, the slow pace
constantly updated. Specialist's image has been changed. of innovation processes, etc.
It is required from him high professionalism usually In this regard the recent documents of the Russian
narrow profile and knowledge must be “brought to the Federation an increasingly prominent is given the
ability to transform into a source of profit information place issues related to the “investment in man”
and technical resources” [24]. ensuring economic growth, care “from the resource
It forms a new educational paradigm and quality and industrial economy to a knowledge economy”
standards appropriate requirements of the modern era. [14]. The attention is paid to the need to develop
Not only the content of the training is changed, but first the capacity of the individual through affordable and
of all there are new forms of teaching and management quality education. Stresses the increasing role of human
methods. So-called “education through life” becomes not capital “as a key factor in economic development” [10],
a declaration, but a way of life. Information is updated the importance of quality professional staff to ensure
rapidly that in some foreign universities for their the country’s competitiveness in the global market,
diplomas is introduced “shelf life”. the strategic orientation of public policy objectives in
Benefits that provides a global economy based on the field of education “requirements of innovative
knowledge may be obtained by the condition of constant economic development needs of modern society and
attention to the training of state citizens. World Bank every citizen” [10].
Country Director for Russia D. Schweitzer notes in the To achieve this goal it is assumed the following
report that “the dizzying speed of the global economy priorities:
shows that governments must constantly promote — providing innovative nature of basic education;
the renewal of education systems so that they remain — modernization of the education system
relevant to children and young people who ultimately institutions as instruments of social development;
will have to work in the market determined by the level — establishment of a modern system of continuous
of technology and rewarding them for their ability to education, training and retraining of professional staff;
think independently and openness to new ideas…” [20]. — formation evaluation mechanisms of quality and
Recently based on the concept of a knowledge society relevance of educational services involving consumers,
the type of knowledge “how to act” are replaced by the participation in international comparative studies “ [12].
type of knowledge “how to coexist.” They coordinate Thus today we can speak about a new society, in
both internal and external social contradictions. Thus which along with matter and energy productive factors
knowledge-based society allows a person to move to a are important information and scientific knowledge.
wide production of new knowledge using information Vector of social development is formed aimed at ensuring
technology and computer. One of the main parameters a high level of quality of human life and in the national
of the society is “to produce high quality human capital, and global levels. And this is an important role for the
which provides education, the creation of additional education system is assigned the education system to
resources and the formation of the knowledge economy meet modern demands of society.
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Section 5. Pedagogy

Globalization and information of society marked For education is important the fact that the
another important vector of development and organization, emergence of network organizations and their growing
including the education system namely the setevizm role — determining the trend of today. The basis
phenomenon that affects not only today questions the of traditional interactions and Institute of formal
dissemination of information, but also on social processes. relationships, in the case of network organization —
Study of the phenomenon of the information society is an individual activity. Before the organization of
are updated by categories such as “Network”, “Network production relations of participants lined up on the basis
Organization”, “Network structure.” of formal hierarchy, staffing, and other post functions.
At the present stage of the international community in “Network is an organization based on the conceptual
general and Russia in particular are experiencing very unity, unfixed leadership, autonomy parts outsourcing,
significant changes of social structure, which consist of maximum, personal, risk-sharing, pronounced creativity.
the continued establishment of direct and equal relations Underlying is polyphonic, sometimes a cacophony
with all. “Internet technologies have made it possible of individual projects and group coalitions. Their essence
to create such links public and free of spatio-temporal and value is in synergy in mission and personality. At
constraints are the real foundation of a new” network the same time such an organization is not so much
“social order. [18]. concerned about the formal statements as conceptual
The research we have done a few conclusions about leadership “ [3].
what leads to knowledge society or information society: The presence of equal relations gives all
1. The Information Society is more ruthless, rational. participating increase capacity. This is due to the fact
2. In this society also it is dominated power hierarchy. that “a network organization of interaction generates the
3. Most valuable asset of networking is reputation or following circumstances:
trust capital. • first it is dramatically reduced the need for built on
4. The priority value of the information society is not rankhaving of management structures;
the information itself, but its sorting and manipulating it. • secondly, the social status of participating in any
Thus, on the one hand, society has given rise to a case cease to be the dominating fact determining their
new phenomenon — the phenomenon of network behavior;
organization, as the next stage of development of • thirdly it is clear that the network organization
the system organization and, on the other hand, of interaction dramatically increases the speed of virtually
the information society enables new methods of self- any issues “ [4].
exploration. Networking phenomena occur in the Network is different of independent personality.
evolutionary philosophy of Henri Bergson, T. Chardin, Therefore the human activity on the network becomes
V. I. Vernadsky. In particular V. I. Vernadsky wrote: controlled by states, as it is not visible. It causes a certain
“Under the influence of scientific thought the Biosphere direction position change state to claims arising in the
of human labor to a new state — the noosphere. Progress network community [4].
… of scientific thought, for example, in the creation of Thus the information revolution giving the XXI-
machines, as has long been noted, quite similar to the th century more rapid scientific and technological
course of reproduction of organisms “ [2]. progress forming a new structure of both vertical and
Meanwhile the term “network” is still treated horizontal communication. In the works of Habermas,
differently. However all definitions are similar in one Maslow, C. Popper and Talcott Parsons it is talking
network: the network is not rigidly organized structure. about the importance of network culture in solving
It is characterized by a common vision, values t​​ hat unite communication problems.
the different members of the network. And the essence The Communicative Philosophy poses the
of it is: question in a way that the plane of technical setevizm
— Activities of its members for systematic collection phenomenon as the plane goes into communication.
and dissemination of information; Network thus regarded are as the basis of communication
— In the sharing of information resources primarily; and primordial activity. In particular Yu.Habermas writes
— In the perception of each other all the network that the network has a real incarnation of communication
members as equal partners; open solutions. As the works of L. Barabash shows, is
— Available in the network management structures, network structures around us and in many phenomena
which mean “coordination” rather than dictate. we can see Network [21].
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 Секция 5. Педагогика

Thus it is possible to identify the main guiding areas require transforming the public consciousness
the development of modern education: globalization and actualization needs in the definition of modern
trends; computerization; establishment of a society approaches to the reform of the educational system
based on knowledge; setevizm phenomenology. These and its management in the new environment.
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Lokteva Ruzaliya Shaychullovna, University of Nizhnevartovsk,

graduate student, Department of General and Social Pedagogy,
E‑mail: [email protected]

Moral education and tolerance in lessons of a

foreign language in professional college
Abstract: The article highlights the issue of moral and tolerant education college students in lessons of a
foreign language. Educational potential occupations are represented in different aspects (paths, methods, forms).
It is impotent the interaction of the teacher and the student.
Keywords: foreign language, morality, tolerance, student of college, educational potential
One of the urgent problems of modern education is people really want to communicate. In the context of the
to find ways of effective pedagogical interaction on dialogue of cultures learning a foreign language should
students’ education system of values that reflect the be based on an intercultural comparative approach.
overall personality and moral culture [1]. For better understand it is necessary to try to find
The main task of a teacher is the human form of commonalities. College students learn to see the world
the carrier of culture, having quite broad-minded. through the eyes of others, given that the other person
Consequently a teacher of foreign languages should can perceive and evaluate the same facts, actions, events
largely present in his lessons lingualand, sociocultural quite differently. We need to teach adolescents to tolerate
and linguacultural facts. other cultures that the language will be indeed a means
Among the professional college students are those of communication and understanding between people,
who will be involved in the competition in the European because it is on the ability to communicate effectively
labor market. Naturally they have a high motivation to learn depends largely on our lives. Tolerance will help students
the language of international communication. But this is find a common language as with friends, parents, peers,
not enough studying individual linguistic facts (lexical, teachers and representatives of other cultures.
phonetic, grammatical, etc.). Indeed the most highly sought In modern society the problem of tolerance
after those experts who not only know the language, but can manifestation is becoming increasingly important. It is
find a “common language”. But it is possible only with the due to many objective reasons. The need for a more
knowledge and sociocultural and linguacultural facts. The thorough study of the problem of tolerance arose in
preparation of such students is the realization of practical connection with the adoption of the Declaration of
purposes discipline “foreign language.” Principles on Tolerance, adopted Resolution 5.61 of
An important aspect of the nature of language is that, the General Conference of UNESCO on 16 November
it serves as a means of national and socio-cultural identity. 1995. Declaration proclaimed November 16 as
The language helps to distinguish between different the International Day for Tolerance.
social groups, so there are so many linguistic differences. According to the Declaration of Principles on
But these differences do not become an obstacle, if Tolerance the concept of tolerance is nothing like
48