Class 9th chemistry SLO based questions

Q1: Define chemistry and it's two branches.

Ans: Chemistry: The scientific study of the composition, properties, and reactions of matter.

1.Biochemistry: The study of chemical processes within living organisms, and the structure
and function of biomolecules like DNA and carbohydrates.

Example: Enzyme-catalyzed reactions, metabolic pathways, and protein synthesis.

2.Physical Chemistry: the branch of chemistry in we study the relationship between the
physical properties of substances along with the chemical changes in them.

Example: melting of ice into water. Solar devices change energy from sunlight into electrical
energy.

Q2: What are the contribution of Jabir bin Hayan to the science of chemistry?

Ans: Jabir bin Hayan is known as father of chemistry. He was the first scientist who
established laboratory for experiments.

Experimental methods: he invented distillation, filteration, and sublimation.

Chemicals: he prepared HCl, nitric acid and white lead.

Q3: Write a short note on matter. Give examples.

Ans: Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. It can be found in various forms
and can be classified into different types. examples:

Types of Matter: 1. Solids: Book, Chair, Apple. 2. Liquids: Water, Juice, Oil. 3.
Gases: Air, Helium, Oxygen

Q4:Define element. How it is different from atom?

Ans: Element: Elements are the simplest substances and cannot be broken down into
simpler substances by chemical means.

Key differences:

Element Atom

An element is collection of atoms of same type. Atom is a single particle.

An element has uniform composition throughout. Atom has nucleus and electrons.

Elements have unique chemical properties. Atoms have chemical properties e.g mass and charge.

Elements can be divided on atoms Atom cannot be divided into smaller particles.

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Q5: What do you know about structure of atom?

Ans: The structure of an atom consists of:

1. Nucleus: Central part containing:

- Protons(positively charged particles)

- Neutrons (neutral particles)

2. Electrons:(negatively charged particles) orbiting in energy levels or shells.

Q6: What type of mixture water will form with oil, sand, milk, salt.

And: oil & water: heterogeneous mixture

Sand & water: heterogeneous mixture

Milk and water: homogeneous mixture

Salt and water: homogeneous mixture

Q7: How atomic number is a different from Mass number? give example.

Ans: Atomic Number (Z):

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus, (e.g., Hydrogen has Z=1, Carbon has Z=6).

Mass Number (A):

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus (A = Z + number of

neutrons).

Example: Carbon-12:

Atomic Number (Z) = 6 (6 protons)

Mass Number (A) = 12 (6 protons + 6 neutrons)

Q8:Write symbols of the following elements

a) calcium b) carbon c)sodium d) nitrogen e) sulphur. f) phosphorus

Ans: a) calcium .... Ca b) carbon...... C c)sodium....Na. d) nitrogen .... N

e)Phosphorus....P. (f) sulphur...S

Q9:Why atom is electrically neutral? Explain with example

Ans: An atom is electrically neutral because it has an equal number of:

Positively charged protons (in the nucleus) & Negatively charged electrons (orbiting the
nucleus)

The positive and negative charges balance each other out, resulting in a net charge of zero.

Example: Hydrogen atom: 1 proton (positive charge)

1 electron (negative charge)

= Electrically neutral (net charge: 0)

Q10: Differentiate between organic and inorganic chemistry.

Organic chemistry Inorganic chemistry

The branch of chemistry in which The branch of chemistry in which we study

we study compound contains compound contains all elements except
carbon. carbon.

It is found in living organisms. Oftenly derived from mineral source

Carbon and hydrogen bonds are Carbon and hydrogen bonds are absent
present

Example: glucose, natural gas, Example: Nacl, HCl

Q11:What do you know about symbol of element give at least two examples

The symbol of an element is a one- or two-letter abbreviation that represents the element's
name. These symbols are universally recognized and used to identify elements on the
periodic table and in chemical formulas.

Examples:

1. Hydrogen: H

2. Carbon: C

These symbols are derived from the element's name, often in Latin or Greek. They are used
to simplify writing chemical equations and formulas, making it easier to communicate
chemical information.

Q12:Define compound. Give examples

A compound is a substance formed when two or more different elements are chemically
bonded together in a fixed ratio.
Example: Water (H2O) is a compound made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen
atom.

Key characteristics:

● Formed by chemical bonding

● Contains two or more different elements
● Fixed ratio of elements
● New properties distinct from individual elements

Other examples: a) water.... H2O b)sodium hydroxide .... NaOH. c) Ammonia.... NH3.
d) methane... CH4

Q13: Describe the role of chemistry in your daily life.

Ans:Chemistry plays a vital role in daily life, impacting:

1. Health: Medicines, vaccines, contains chemical compounds.

2. Food: Cooking, nutrition, and food preservation involve chemical reactions.

3. Personal care: Soaps, shampoos, and cosmetics contain chemical ingredients.

4. Energy: Fossil fuels, batteries, involves involve chemical processes.

6. Materials: Chemicals are used in clothing, electronics, and construction materials..

Q14: what do you know about isotopes. Give example

Ans: Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons (atomic
number) but different mass numbers (numbers of neutrons are different)

Examples

- Carbon-12: 6 protons, 6 neutrons

- Carbon-13: 6 protons, 7 neutrons

- Carbon-14: 6 protons, 8 neutrons

Q15:Calculate number of neutrons number of protons and number of electrons of the

following.

8O¹⁶. 6C¹². 1H³. 2He⁴

8O¹⁶ a) 8 electrons. b)8 proton. c) 8 neutrons

 6C¹² a) 6 proton. b) 6 neutrons c) electrons

1H³. a) 1 electron. b) 1 proton c) 2 neutrons

2 He⁴ a) 2 proton. b) 2 neutrons. C) 2 electrons

Q16: what do you know about a relative atomic mass.

Ans: Relative Atomic Mass of an element is the mass of an element relative to the mass of
1/12 the mass of C-12.

Examples:

1. Hydrogen: = 1.008 (average of protium and deuterium isotopes)

2. Oxygen: = 15.999 (average of oxygen-16, -17, and -18 isotopes)

This value is used to calculate molecular masses and balance chemical equations.

Q17: Give relative atomic masses of: Ne , Be ,Li. Cu.

Ans:

Ne: 20.17 amu Be: 9.01 amu Li: 6.94amu Cu: 63.54 amu

N: 14.00 amu P: 30.97 amu K: 39.09 F: 18.99 amu

Q18:Define average atomic mass.Give example.

Ans: verage atomic mass is the weighted average of atomic masses of the naturally
occurring isotopes of an element.

Examples: Average atomic mass of chlorine: 35.5 amu.

It can be calculated by the following formula:

Q19:Calculate average atomic mass of :

10Ne²⁰ =90.51% 10Ne²¹=0.27%. 10 Ne²²= 9.22%.

Ans:
Q 20:Differentiate between compound and mixture

Ans:

Q21:Define mixture and discuss it's types.

Ans: Mixture: A mixture is made up of two or more then two substances, where each
substance retains its chemical properties.
Types of Mixtures:

1. Homogeneous Mixture (Uniform): Same composition throughout.

- Example: Air (nitrogen, oxygen, etc.)

- Example: Sugar solution (sugar dissolved in water)

2. Heterogeneous Mixture(Non-uniform): Different composition in different parts.

- Example: Sand and water

- Example: Fruit salad (different fruits mixed together)

Mixtures can be separated by physical methods like filtration, sedimentation, or distillation.

Q22: Define chemical formula and also give it's significance.

Ans: the symbolic representation of a molecule of a compound is called chemical formula.

Significance: it tells us about

● Types of atoms present in the compound.

● The ratio of different atoms present in the compound.

Example: Chemical formula of glucose is C6H12O6.

Q23: Hair contains special class of proteins called keratines which are present in nails and
wool.identify the branch of chemistry in this case.

Ans: Biochemistry, since protein occur in living organism.

Q24: gases can be compressed by applying pressure.identify the branch of chemistry in

this case.

Ans: Physical chemistry, explanation of its transformation into gaseous state or solid state,
application of laws and theories to understand its structure is physical chemistry.