LESSON PREPARATORY FORM
SCHOOL: GTHS NKWEN
SUBJECT: DRAWING CLASS: ELNI3/MM3
TEACHER’S NAME: SHU CEDRIC MBOWA
TOPIC: ANAIYSING A MECHANISM FROM ITS FUNCTIONAL POINT OF VIEW
LESSON NUMBER: 2
TITLE OF THE LESSON: FITS DURATION :( 145
Minutes)
MATERIALS AND TOOLS TO BE USED: Duster, chalk, chalkboard, ruler, diagram,
student and teachers files
REFERENCES:
Wikipedia
Machine drawing by Dr K.L NARAYANA 3th edition
Manual of engineering drawings by E COLLINS 4th edition
LESSON NOTES
LESSON 2: FITS
Objectives:
At the end of this lesson you should be able to
Make good choices of fits for any mating parts
To calculate the clearance and allowance of mating parts.
2.1) INTRODUCTION
Fit is the general term used to signify the range of tighttiness or looseness that may result from the application of a specific combination of allowance
and tolerances in mating parts. In order to ensure that assemblies function properly their component parts must fit together in a predictable way.
Basically, no component can be manufactured to an exact size, so the designer has to decide on appropriate upper limits (ES or es) and lower limits(EI
or ei) for each dimension. The fit represents the tightness or looseness resulting from the application of tolerances to mating parts, e.g. shafts and
holes.
2.2) Designation of shaft/hole sizes and limits
2.2.1) important terms
Allowance: The minimum clearance or maximum interference between parts.
(MMC hole – MMC shaft)
2.3) Types of fits
2.3.1) Clearance fit: It is a fit that gives a clearance between the two mating parts.
Minimum clearance: It is the difference between the minimum size of the hole and the maximum size of the shaft in a clearance fit. i.e. (EI – es)
Maximum clearance: It is difference between the maximum size of the hole and the minimum size of the shaft in clearance or transition fit. i.e.
(ES – ei)
2.3.2) Transition fit: This fit may result in either interference or a clearance, depending upon the actual values of the tolerance
of individual parts
2.3.3) Interference fit: If the difference between the hole and shaft sizes is negative before assembly; an interference fit is obtained.
Minimum Interference: It is the magnitude of the difference (negative) between the maximum size of the hole and the minimum size of the shaft in an
interference fit before assembly. i.e. (ES – ei)
Maximum interference: It is the magnitude of the difference between the minimum size of the hole and the maximum size of the shaft in
interference or a transition fit before assembly. i.e. (EI – es)
NB: when the clearances are negative we turn to have inference fit
Exercise
Determine the clearance and allowance of the assembly bellow
Clearance and allowance
2.4) Shaft and hole basic system & hole and shaft
basic system
Hole Basis system: If the system of assembly of shaft and hole is consisting of basic hole, then that type of system is known as Hole Basis System. It
means for the system of assembly of shaft and hole, the zero line will be lying on the minimum diameter of the hole. For this system the lower limit size
of hole is equal to basic size.
Shaft Basis system: If the system of assembly of shaft and hole consisting of basic shaft, Then that type of system is known as Shaft Basis System. It
means for the assembly of shaft and hole, the zero line will be lying on the maximum size of the shaft. For this system the Upper Limit Size of shaft
equal to the Basic Size.
Shaft and hole standard
The ISO System of Limits and Fits is a coordinated system of hole and shaft tolerances for engineering and manufacturing
used for cutting tools. If held to these tolerances, cutting tools, material stock, and gages are generally available throughout
the world.
Hole size is kept constant and shaft is varied to give various types of fit. Basic size taken is low limit of hole.
Shaft size is kept constant & hole size is varied to give various fits. Basic size is taken as max limit size of shaft.
2.5) Choice and application of fits
Type example application
Clearance fit
Precision sliding fit H7/h6 sealing rings; bearing covers, milling cutters on milling mandrels
Close running lit H7/g6 sleeve shafts, clutches, movable gears in change gear trains
Normal running fit H7/f7 Sleeve bearings with high revolution, bearings an machine tool spindles
Easy running fit H8/e8 Sleeve bearings with medium revolution, grease Lubricated bearings of wheel boxes, gears sliding on shafts and
sliding blocks
Loose running fit H8/d3 Sleeve bearings with low revolution
slack running fit H8/c11 Oil seals with metal housings, multi-spline shafts
H11.‹a11 Large clearance and widely used
Transition fit
Light press fit H7/n6 Gears and bearing bushes, shah and wheel assembly fixed by feather key.
Force fit H7/m6 Part of machine tools that must be dismantled without damage e.g. gear belt pulleys, couplings, inner rings of ball
bearing.
H7/k6 Belt pulleys, brake pulleys, gears and couplings as well as inner rings of ball bearings
Push fit
Easy push fit H7/j6 parts which are frequently dismantled, but are secured by keys, e.g. pulleys, hand wheels, bushes, bearing shells
Interference fit
Shring fit H8/u8 Wheel steel tyres, bronze crowns on worm wheel hubs, couplings etc.
Heavy drive fit H7/s6
Press fit H7/6 Coupling of shaft ends, bearing bushing in hubs, valve seats, gear wheels
medium press fit H7/p6
Assignment
A
B
1) Find the clearances and the allowances of A and B
2) Read on geometric tolerance
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