SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT Quarter 2 - Module 1 eae oe kor Department of Education * Republic of the PhilippinesDepartment of Education — Republic of the Philippines Oral Communication — Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 - Module: First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shalll subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shalll be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (ie., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Katrina C. Calderon, Goldie C. Rafa, Jeffaersan A. Mondia, Julie Anne T. Vital, Lorreine G. Bonafos, Ma. Samantha Josephine S. Sevilla, Editor: Katrina C. Calderon Reviewers: Annabelle H. Nava, Joemar L. Furigay Illustrator: Layout Artist: Management Team: Joe! T. Torrecampo CESO VI Juan C. Obierna Annabelle H. Nava Printed in the Philippines by Schools Division of Las Pifias City Department of Education - Schools Division of Las Pifias City Office Address: Gabaldon Bldg., Brgy. Elias Aldana, Padre Diego Cera Avenue, Las Pifias City Telefax:(02) 8-835-9030 | (02) 8-822-3840 E-mail Address: —[email protected]Oral Communication in Context Quarter 2— Module This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by educators from public schools, We encourage teachers and other education ‘stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at action@deped gov ph We value your feedback and recommendations. Department of Education + Republic of the PhilippinesIntroductory Message For the facilitator: Welcome to the Oral Communication in Context Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) This leaming resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances. To the parents: As parents, you play a vital role in educating your child's life; hence, you may also help provide the support and stimuli that your child needs to make sense of the world. Since we are currently facing the coronavirus pandemic, now is the perfect time for you to make your home a school and act as a teacher to your child. For the leamer: This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. The module is divided into seven lessons: * Lesson 1-3 - Communicative Strategies * Lesson 4-5 - Explaining shifts in Speech Context, Speech Style, Speech Act and Communicative strategy * Lesson 6-8 - Principles of Effective Speech In this module, you are expected to: * Employ various communicative strategies in different situations; * Explain that a shiftin speech context, speech style, speech act and Communicative strategy affects the following: Language form; Duration of interaction; Relationship of speaker; Role and responsibilities of the speaker, Message: and Delivery. * Uses principles of effective speech writing focusing on Audience profile; Logical organization; Duration; Word choice; Grammatical correctness Articulation; Modulation; Stage Presence; Facial Expressions; Gestures and Movements; and Rapport with the audienceCommunicative Strategies: Nomination and Restriction WHAT | NEED TO KNOW Communication skills are the key to developing (and keeping) friendships and to building a strong social support network. They also help you take care of your own needs, while being respecttul of the needs of others. Source: fective Conmunicator improving your Seco Skis Ansty Canada ‘Retrieved trom https fmvw anatycanara.convarticies/effectve-communcaton-mproving- ‘our soci sl In this lesson, you will learn about the various communicative strategies. This will entail the different strategies in communication that you can use in certain contexts. As you go through this lesson, you are expected to: 1. employ nomination and restriction as communicative strategies in different situations; 2. engage in a communicative situation using acceptable, polite and meaningful communicative strategies; and 3. distinguish nomination and restriction communicative strategies in sentences and dialogs. WHAT IS IT Communicative Strategies are plans/waysimeans of sharing information which are adopted to achieve a particular social, political, psychological, or linguistic purpose. ‘Saurce: looks Conair, (December 17,2020) Haw to use te types of cammuricabvestaleges. Relieved For hitp:tumewoleambluscomow o-use tho-)pee-0-communicalve ‘tatoos! Types of Communicative Strategy Cohen (1990) states that strategies must be used to start and maintain a conversation. There are some strategies that people use when communicating, but in this lesson, we will be focusing on two types, as follows: 14. Nomination A speaker carries out nomination to establish a topic collaboratively and productively. Basically, when you employ this strategy, you try to open a topic with the people you are talking to. Itis a strategy that can also be applied any time during an interaction as a way of continuing the communication. Examples: a. ‘Have you noticed the weird weather lately? Is this because of global warming?” b. | was late for class again! The MRT stopped midway. What is wrong with the MRT?” 2. Restriction Restriction in communication refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker. When communicating in the classroom, in a meeting, or while hanging out with your friends, you are typically given specific instructions that you must follow. These instructions confine you as a speaker and limit what you can say. It is @ strategy of constraining the response/reaction within a set of categories. Examples: a. “They say that the Philippine economy is getting better. Only the stupid think that, right?” (No one wants to be stupid.) b. ‘That arrest move was a disaster waiting to happen. Do you agree?” (YesiNo) ‘Source: Oral Communication i Contoxt for Senior High School. 206 CAE Publishing, Ine WHAT’S MORE Directions: Read and analyze the statements below. Write N ifit shows Nomination, Rif Restriction. 1. Speaker carries to establish a topic collaboratively and productively. 2. The speaker limits the topic of discussion to make it manageable. 3. “Are you good at problem solving? Yes or No.” 4. “Let us talk about Urban Gardenin: 5. The speaker controls the topic to make it specific enough 2i WHAT I CAN DO A.Directions: Each communication we would convey serves different purposes. Read the dialogs below to distinguish the Nomination and Restriction Communicative Strategies used by the characters. Achat with a friend |Ginl 1: “Have you heard of the new variant of Covid-192” (1) |Girl 2: "No. What is it? IGinl 1: It's the Delta variant which is closely monitored by the World Health Organization. IGirl 2: | think we have to constantly practice the health protocol. (Girl 1: | agree with you A conversation of a teacher with his student [Teacher: “Joemar, you are going to report on The Benefits of the Exercise. Discuss this topic next week.” (2) Joemar: “Can | include the Health Benefits of Fruits and Vegetables?" |Teacher: “Just focus on the topic The Benefits of the Exercise.” (3) 1. Statement 1 is using 2. _Instatements with number 2 show the use of, 3. The tone of the statement number 3 is A. Amusing C. Commanding B. Annoying D. Sarcastic A. Directions: Write a short dialog using one communicative strategy: nomination or restriction.Communicative Strategies: Turn-taking, Topic Control, and Topic Shifting WHAT | NEED TO KNOW Leaming how to communicate is an essential skill to develop and maintain nonious conversations and relationship whether with friends, family, workplace, or communication on any business transactions. Hence it is important to become proficient in using the communicative strategies. In this lesson, you'll be able to critically interpret and use the communicative strategies that you have leamed in Lesson 1 As you go through this lesson, you are expected to: 1. employ turn-taking, topic control, and topic shifting communicative strategies in different situations; 2. engage in a communicative situation using acceptable, polite, and meaningful communicative strategies; and 3. distinguish tum-taking, topic control, and topic shifting communicative strategies in sentences and dialogs. WHAT IS IT Leaming the communicative strategies allows the speaker and the receiver to adjust on the message and the delivery to be able to develop a better understanding. Here are the other types of communicative strategies with their examples in social contexts. 4. Turn-taking Sometimes people are given unequal opportunities to talk because others take much time during the conversation. Turntaking pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the conversational floor. There is a code of behavior behind establishing and sustaining a productive conversation, but the primary idea is to give all communicators a chance to speak It is @ strategy of knowing when to talk depends on watching out for the verbal and nonverbal cues that signal the next Speaker that the previous Speaker has finished or the topic under discussion has been exhausted and a new topic may be introduced. At the same time, it also means that others should be given the opportunityto take a turn, 4Examples: a. ‘I agree with the point just made. But may | add that OFWs would rather be home and work here so they could be with their families.” b. “May | have the floor, sit? The topic under discussion is the state of the Philippine economy today. We want better lives for all Filipinos, whether they are working here or abroad. 2. Topic control Topic control covers how procedural formality or informality affects the development of topic in conversations. For example, in meetings, you may only have a turn to speak after the chairperson directs you to do so. Contrast this with a casual conversation with friends over lunch or coffee where you may take the conversational floor anytime. Examples: a. "How often do you ride the MRT, Tony? How many times have you encountered a stoppage in service?” b. *Your car may break down, too, Luna, right? So you have to find another means of getting to school. We all do not want to be late for class, yes?” 3. Topic shifting Topic shifting, as the name suggests, involves moving from one topic to another. In other words, it is where one part of a conversation ends and where another begins. You may use effective conversational transitions to indicate a shift like "By the way,” “In addition to what you said," “Which reminds me of," and the like. This is a strategy that is useful in introducing a new topic followed by the continuation of that topic. This works best when there is follow-through so that a new topic continues to be discussed Examples: a. “This is a battle with corporations that continue to pollute the environment. But this is also a battle with man himself, who continues toact as if there is another Earth we can move to once this Earth dies.” b. “If we cannot use the Earth's resources, our economies will die We need to choose: the economy or the environment.” ‘Source: Ecolumbus Contritutor. (December 17, 2020) How fo use the types of communicative strategies. Retrieved fom ps mv elcomblus.comow 4o-uso-the-ypes-of communicative statogies/ 5WHAT'S MORE A. Directions: Identify the type of communicative strategy being defined in each statement below. Topic Shifting Topic Control Tur faking 1. Communicative strategy that involves moving from one topic to another. 2, It refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker. On some cases of communication, there are instructions that must be followed. 3. This communicative strategy refers to procedural formality and informality that affect the development of topic in conversations. B. Directions: Distinguish the type of communicative strategies used in dialogues below. Employee: (1) Good afternoon Sir. May | have a moment to speak with you about my concerns? | don't think it's fair, I've been here longer, | feel like | have more experience, | don't understand why I didn't get promote. Manager: (Listening and trying to empathize.) It makes sense that you would feel that way. If | were in your shoes and | viewed the situation the same way that you're looking at it, | would probably feel the same way. Employee: (Trying to interrupt and further discuss his argument. Manager: (2)Would it be okay if | finished my statement? (3)The reason that this person got promoted was because of this and this and this. | really believe you have a tremendous amount of potential to promote and | actually want to work with you over the next year to try to get you promoted. 1. Statement number 1 uses 2. Statement number 2 shows the use of 3. Statement number 3 shows the use ofKate: You have to be able to speak German fluently because lots of our clients come from Germany. You also have to know how to behave in different kinds of situation because it can happen that you will have to talk with an unpleasant client. Kristian: Is there a dress code? Kate: Yes. You need to look professional and presentable. This means that you should wear elegant clothes. 4-5. Whatare the two communicative strategies used in the dialog above? WHAT! CAN DO Directions: Write statements or dialogs _ below using the prescribed communicative strategy. 4-2. Tum-taking and topic shifting Scenario: Meeting an old friend in the coffee shop You: Friend: 3-5. Topic Control Scenario: Job interview: HR manager and applicant HR manager: Applicant: HR Manager: Applicant:Communicative Strategies: Repair and Termination WHAT I NEED TO KNOW Miscommunication happens when the message is not sent effectively. It is either the message was not clear orally, or the way it was expressed does not fully deliver the exact context or meaning. Hence, it vital to master the communicative strategies to be able to become a very competent communicator. You have learned the seven communicative strategies in lesson 4 and 2 and learned the different scenarios that this could be used. In this lesson, you are expected to: 1. employ repair and termination as communicative strategies in different situations; 2. engage in a communicative situation using acceptable, polite, and meaningful communicative strategies; and 3. distinguish various types of communicative strategies in sentences and dialogs. WHATIS IT To become an effective communicator, you should master these the seven communicative strategies. The first five have been discussed in Lessons 1 and 2. In this lesson, you will learn about the last two types, as follows: 4. Repair Repair refers to how speakers address the problems in speaking, listening, and comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation. For example, if everybody in the conversation seems to talk at the same time, give way and appreciate other’s initiative to set the conversation back to its topic. This is overcoming communication breakdown to send more comprehensible Messages. This is done through requesting clarification, topic shifting, not responding, repeating, recasting, and adding ‘One requests clarification by asking questions or using eyebrows, eyes, head, or shoulders to show that the Message could not be understood. By not acknowledging the new situation, the situation already in progress will continue.Topic shifting can help direct the discussion to another topic or divert the attention of the Listener from the topic that has become problematic. Repeating is a good way of correcting oneself and gives the Speaker time to do just that. Recasting means changing the form of a Message that could not be understood. It allows the Speaker to say the Message in another way so that the Listener can understand what was originally incomprehensible. Examples: a. “I have ordered Colonel...uh...General Pano to look into this matter. He, General Pano | mean, will report directly to me, as President of the Philippines.” b. ‘When we look at the World Wide Web, more popularly known as wwww... excuse me, www, we find that this Information Highway or rather Superhighway is the means toward becoming part of a globally economy, a global economy.” 2. Termination Termination refers to the conversation participants’ close-initiating expressions that end a topic in a conversation. Most of the time, the topic initiator takes responsibility to signal the end of the discussion as well. This strategy uses verbal and nonverbal signals to end the interaction Example: PA So that's it for our plans in the upcoming Student Council elections. P2: Yes. P3 Okay, all done. PA Finished. P4: See you in class. P2, P3,P4: See you later. Soe: Source: Elcolumbus Contibuter (December 17, 2020) How io use te types f communicative strategies. Rebieved from ntps:ivw elcomblus.com/nowso-use-the-ypes-oF-communicatve-sPatesies!WHAT'S MORE A. Directions: Complete the table below by supplying the needed information Communicative Definition Examples Strategies “4 Nomination (a) (2) 2 (3) covers how procedural (3) formality or informality development of topic in conversations 3 @) (6) Rephrase words when words stated seem difficult to understand for the other person B. Directions: Compare and contrast Restriction and Topic Control using the Venn diagram. Write 2-3 similarities and 2-3 differences. You may give examples as well. Write your answers on an intermediate sheet of paper. 10WHAT | CAN DO Directions: Create a dialogue using communicative strategies Nomination, Repair, and Termination. Use any of the following contexts. 1. Customer clamoring for a sudden cancellation of flight; PAL/Cebu Pacific Customer Service Agent explaining the reason for the cancellation of flight of a customer. 2. Customer returning an item to the department store; Department Store Manager is refusing the retum of the item. 3. Medical Frontliner in a vaccination site explaining that the vaccines are only for people who have online appointments; Man who just walked in is clamoring to be included in list for he has lined up for an hour. 1Shift in Speech Context, Speech Style, Speech Act, and Communicative Strateg S WHAT | NEED TO KNOW Effective communication is a learned skill. As a communicator, your goal is to express ideas that are proper, tactful, clear and meaningful in order to maintain good conversations and healthy relationships. Atthe end of the lesson, you should be able to: 1. Explain that a shift in speech context, speech style, speech act and communicative strategy affects the Language form, Duration of interaction, Relationship of speaker, Role and responsibilities of the speaker, Message, Delivery. WHAT IS IT ‘Speech Context refers to the situation or environment and the circumstances in which the communication occurs. There are four types of speech context: (1) Intrapersonal (2) Interpersonal (3) Public (4) Mass communication Intrapersonal refers to communication that centers on one person where the speaker acts both as the sender and the receiver of message (Hybels& Weaver, 2012). Example: You spent the night contemplating on the effects of pandemic to the psyche of teachers. Also, it is a communication between and among people and establishes personal relationship between and among them (Solomon & Theiss, 2013). It has two types. Dyad and Small group. Public refers to communication that requires you to deliver or send the message before or in front of a group (Hybels & Weaver, 2012) 12Mass Communication refers to communication that takes place through television, radio, newspapers, magazines, books, billboards, internet, and other types of media (Quipper, 2019). SPEECH STYLE According to Joos (1968), there are five speech styles. These are (1) intimate, (2) casual, (3) consultative, (4) formal, and (5) frozen. SPEECH ACT A speech act is an utterance that a speaker makes to achieve an intended effect. Some of the functions which are carried out using speech acts are offering an apology, greeting, request, complaint, invitation, compliment, or refusal (Sipacio & Balgos, 2016). Three Types of Speech Act According to J. L. Austin (1962), a philosopher of language and the developer of the Speech Act theory, there are three types of acts in every utterance, given the right circumstances or context: Locution (actual act of uttering), Illocution (social function of what is said), and Perlocution (resulting act of what is said) WHAT’S MORE A. Directions: Read the following statements below. Determine the term being described. Write the answer on the space provided for you. 1. It refers to the situation or environment and the circumstances in which communication occurs. 2. The intimate, casual, consultative, formal and frozen way of interacting with others. 3. An utterance that a speaker makes to achieve an intended effect. 4. The different ways of starting and maintaining a conversation are nomination, restriction, turn-taking, topic control, topic shifting, repair and termination. 5. It refers to communication that takes place through television, radio, newspapers, magazines, books, billboards, internet, and other types of media 13B. Directions: Write the appropriate statements needed in the given situations. 1-2. Write a dialog stating sincere apology about a certain action. 3-5. Write a dialog about your conversation with a friend who just experienced anxiety OG © i WHAT 1! CAN DO Directions: Read the dialogs below and fill out the table accordingly Dialog #1: Comprehend the dialog and fill out the table below. Boss: We need to talk. Come and follow me in the office. You are doing a good job but we cannot keep you at the same position any more. Employee: OK but today is my birthday. Boss: Happy birthday! Employee: Thanks and you have a great day Boss: You can work til end of session with paid vacation Employee: Thanks for all help and support Language Burson Relationship |_Role of | Responsibilities | y, Dell Form | interaction | Of Speakers | Speakers | of Speakers jessage livery 14Dialog #2 Rose: Bank representative: Rose: Bank representative: Rose: Bank representative: Hello. | would like to open a savings account. Sure, Ma'am. Do you have two valid IDs? only have my passport with me right now. Would that be okay? identification? Do you have any other means of Ihave a driver's license, but | don’t have it with me today. | see. I'm sorry but we can only proceed with the transaction when you bring another ID with you. Please bring a copy of your ID picture as well. Rose: Thank you for your help. Duration vonehi “pin Language Relationship | Role of | Responsibilities i Form | interition | Of Speakers | Speakers | of Speakers | Message | Delivery short Client and | Rose: | To have a polite | Preparing | Clear, Active bankrep. | Speaker | and responsive | necessary | concise Voice of Bank | discussion documents | and the verb rep: in opening | informative Receiver a bank account 15Shift in Speech Context, Speech Style, Speech Act, and Communicative Strateg WHAT I NEED TO KNOW Our daily activities may expose us to an array of opportunities and challenges in dealing with people in varied social contexts. In this time of pandemic, online communication has become best and safest channel in personal and business communications. Hence, it is important that we are aware on how to communicate and address our concerns properly to avoid communication breakdown As you go through this lesson, you are expected to 1. explain that a shift in speech context, speech style, speech act and communicative strategy affects the Language form, Duration of interaction, Relationship of speaker, Role and responsibilities of the speaker, Message and Delivery; 2. differentiate the various speech situations; and 3, decipher the attitude and roles of the speakers in the speech situation. WHAT IS IT Intrapersonal communication is defined as communication that is centered on a single individual and in which the speaker serves as both the sender and receiver of messages (Hybels & Weaver, 2012). For instance, you spent the evening debating the psychological impact of a pandemic on teachers. Additionally, it is a means of communication between and among people, establishing personal bonds between and among them (Solomon & Thesis, 2013). It is classified into two types. There are two types of groups: dyads and small groups. Public is any form of communication that requires you to deliver or send a message in front of or before a group (Hybels & Weaver, 2012). The term "mass communication’ refers to the exchange of information via 16television, radio, newspapers, magazines, books, billboards, and other forms of media (Quipper, 2019) The register of a language is defined as the degree of formality determined by the context in which it is spoken or written. It may be formal or informal in nature. Formal speech is formal, whereas informal speech is casual or conversational. SPEECH STYLE Joos (1968) asserts that there are five distinct styles of speech. There are five types: intimate, casual, consultative, formal, and frozen. SPEECH ACT A speech act is an utterance made by a speaker with the purpose of achieving a desired effect. Several functions are carried out through speech acts, including apologizing, greeting, requesting, complaining, inviting, complimenting, or refusing (Sipacio & Balgos, 2016). Three Types of Speech Act According to Austin (1962), a linguist and developer of the Speech Act theory, every utterance contains three distinct types of acts, depending on the circumstances or context: Locution (the actual act of uttering), Illocution (the social function of what is said), and Perlocution (the actual act of uttering) (resulting act of what is said) WHAT’S MORE Directions: Read the following statements below. Determine the term being described. Write the answer on the space provided for you 4.When one intentionally or unintentionally changes the direction of the flow ofideas in a_ conversation, the speaker intends to introduce a new topic. 2. This indicates the level of formality with which a person speaks. 3. Speaking is doing something or performing an action . A communication that centers on one person where the speaker acts both as the sender and the receiver of message. 5. It refers to how speakers address the problems in speaking, listening, and comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation. 17© & WHAT I CAN DO Mi ‘A. Directions: Read the passage below. Answer the (4 questions that follow. This, as some congressmen and critics of the network questioned Lopez’s| citizenship and his capacity to hold shares of the network. “Mr. Eugenio Gabby Lopez Ill is a Filipino citizen. He was bom to Filipino parents, and under the 1935 Constitution, which was in effect when he was born, he is automatically a Filipino citizen. That is by virtue of the principle of jus sanguinis - the law of ancestry or by blood,” said Rodriguez, a former dean of the College of Law of San Sebastian College. ‘Source: ‘No basis in aw: Soin refutes allegations vs Gabby Lopec's citizenship. ABS. ‘CBN News Postod at Jun 01 2020 12.26 PM] Undated as “Jun 01 2020 01:25 > 1. What it the tone of the language used by Atty. Rodriguez in expressing his statements about the citizenship of Mr. Lopez? 2. How did Mr. Rodriguez present or discuss his response to the congressmen's question on Lopez’ citizenship? B. Directions: Present a dialog that show shift in tone, context, or style. Show how the shift changed or affected the message of the speaker. 18Principles of Effective Speech WHAT | NEED TO KNOW Are you planning to conduct a speech? It's always good to prepare before any speech. Simple preparations like researching about the background about your topic, knowing your audience and drafting your speech text can help develop a coherent and substantial speech This lesson will help you prepare for your speech. As you go through this lesson, you will be able to: 1. use principles of effective speech writing focusing on audience profile, logical organization, duration, word choice, and grammatical correctness; and 2. apply principles of effective speech writing. WHAT IS IT Writing a speech requires following certain principles in order to attain the speaker's objectives. As you craft a speech, remember to always stay in the main reason why you are doing it. Here are the some of the tips you should bear in mind 1. Audience Profile — Knowing the audience for your speech would make the planning easier. The age, religion, sex, or economic status are the things that you should consider to avoid inappropriate content which might offend your audience. 2, Logical Arrangement — The best way to arrange ideas for your speech is to use an outline: topic outline or sentence outline. Through this, you can focus on main ideas and add supporting details as you complete the outline. Inclusion of examples may also be done but take note that your examples should again fit your audience. 193. Duration — After considering your audience, take note of the time limit for your speech. If you would be talking to kids, their span of attention is limited; hence, writing a lengthy speech for them would make them feel bored. 4. Word Choice - The words matter in every speech. As you write, imagine yourself delivering it and try to predict how your audience would react. Speech can either inform or persuade so creating a possible conflict should be avoided. Choose your words wisely. 5. Grammatical Correctness — It is a privilege to be a speaker so make the most out ofit. Regardless of who your audience is, be sure to craft a speech that is grammatically correct. There are numerous ways to do it You may consult an expert or do-it-yourself (DIY) by studying the rules of grammar, WHAT’S MORE A. Directions: Study the following situations and identify which principle in speech writing should be given the focus. Write A for Audience Profile, B for Logical Arrangement, C for Duration, D for Word Choice, and E for grammatical correctness on the space provided for. 1. Mr. Pineda, the school director rendered a speech for the parents of newly enrolled students. He talked about teaching strategies, instructional approaches, and professional development. 2. Dr. Sheldon Cooper is a physicist who won a Nobel prize. He felt too overwhelmed of the situation that he prepared a very lengthy speech which focuses on his achievements alone. 3.Mary submitted her speech as final performance task to her English professor. After few days, she received the paper with remarks ‘What is really your point?’ She didn't have any idea what it means. 4. A well-known speaker was invited to have a career talk with Grade 10 students. He used terminologies in the field that are unfamiliar to his audience. As a result, the students began chatting to one another. 5. A student was summoned to the guidance's office for submitting a speech copied online. When the counselor asked him the reason, he said that he was afraid to write because he does not know the grammar rules. 20B. Directions: Identify the appropriate audience for the following topics. Choose from the pool of words below. 1. Good manners and right conduct 2. Budgeting school allowance 3. Career Talk 4. Establishing good relationship at home 5. Pre-marriage seminar C. Directions: Plan your own speech using the guide below. What topics will How long should you your audience be talk if they are your interested at? Whowwal be audience? your 1 audience? 2. ROG i WHAT I CAN DO (i Directions: Write your own speech in a separate paper. Use the sample outline below in organizing your ideas. The outline may vary depending on your ideas. 5 ttc your topic by explaining ‘—————— a its relevance to your audience. 4, ih - i Provide your 1" main idea and CDT | supporting detas End your speech by restating the = relevance of the topic to your ?_— audience. 24Principles of Effective Speech ( ) WHAT I NEED TO KNOW Having a chance to speak before a crowd is an opportunity to emancipate your views, to persuade for change, to entertain and motivate and to lead for the betterment. Atthe end of this lesson, you should be able to: 1. use principles of effective speech delivery focusing on articulation, modulation, stage presence, facial expressions, gestures, movements, and rapport with audience. WHAT IT IS After writing your own speech, delivering it comes next. There are students who are scared to speak in an audience while there are some who have the right confidence to do so. Whichever you belong, bear in mind that speaking in front of a crowd is a skill that you must have in order to be successful in your chosen field. Here are some of the tips you can do. Articulation is the way you produce the vowel and consonants sounds using speech organs. This is related to pronunciation and enunciation which should go hand-in-hand. To achieve this, you have to keep on practicing. You may train yourself or ask someone knowledgeable to help you 2. Modulation refers your pitch, pace, pause and tone. Your voice should be your asset in speaking, If you speak in monotone, your audience will easily get bored. The volume, the speed, the breaks, and the emotions are all important to properly achieve the right modulation 3. Stage presence is your ability to stand in front of an audience showing the right confidence. If people would see how confident you are, they would pay attention towhat you say. Facial expressions, gestures, movements are all necessary tools to render an effective speech if these are not overused. Audience prefers speakers who could really express his own speech through facial features and hands and feet. - 225. Rapport with audience is something speakers should always try to achieve. If you recall the principles in writing a speech, audience profile should be considered first to avoid any possible conflict. If you do so, you should consider the audience as well when you deliver your speech ‘Some speakers have own techniques in doing this. WHAT’S MORE A. Directions: Study the following statements and identify which principle of speech delivery it refers. Write A for Articulation, B for Modulation, and C for Stage presence, D for Facial Expressions / Gestures / Movements, and E for Rapport with Audience on the space provided for. 1. Lea Salonga speaks fluently with an American accent. 2. The late former Senator Miriam Defensor- Santiago was usually invited for speaking engagements because of her humorous use of ‘pick-up’ lines. 3. Alexa Salcedo, starred in musical play ‘Ang Huling El-bimbo’, was admired for being so confident during her audition in the singing competition The Voice Kids. 4. Voice-over artists undergo several trainings to do a project. Their voice — will depend on the character they portray 5. Aspiring singers need not only to sing but to express the song using their entire body. B. Directions: Determine the principle of speech delivery that should be enhanced in the following situations. Write A for Articulation, B for Modulation, and & for Stage presence, D for Facial Expressions / Gestures / Movements, and E for Rapport with Audience on the space provided for. 1. William reads very fast. 2. Pamela was called on the stage to lead the flag ceremony, but she refused. 3. The students feel unease with their new teacher because she looks sostrict. 4. Nifia volunteers to read a book to several children in an organization. However, the kids do not pay attention. 5, Sarah grew up in a barrio, but she wanted to find a job in the city She was afraid that no one will hire her because of her strong provincial accent. 23WHAT 1 CAN DO A. Directions: Copy the paragraph below in a separate sheet of paper. Draw a (/) to indicate short pause and (//) to indicate a long pause or full stop Life is tough as it involves challenging tasks every single day like working to sustain your needs and enjoying simple luxuries you can afford. Though we have different struggles, it does not mean that one’s life is better than the other. In short, comparison should not be entertained. Your life depends on how you want it to be. If you want to improve your way of living, educate yourself and use it as your weapon to find a suitable good-paying job. Take note that this does not come in handy which means that as you try to get your diploma, there will always be hindrances. These would sometimes lose your focus and break your spirit. Nonetheless, if you remain in your goal, whatever comes your way would just be a piece of cake. Alot of people tend to blame others for their miseries. Little did they know that it is they who create their own sufferings? It isn't too late for them nor to you. There would always be opportunities to do the right thing. Start planning and work your way up! Did you say the words properly? Yes No Did you pause from speaking to catch your breath? Yes No. Did you speak in the right speed? Yes No) Did you change your tone and intonation? Yes No. Did you use facial expressions, gestures or movements? Yes No. Did you feel confident while delivering i? Yes No B. Directions: Using the same text above, practice reading in front of a mirror. Listen to yourself then answer the questions below. Circle your response. 1. Which principle of speech delivery did you find yourself good at? 2. Which principle of speech delivery do you need to enhance? 3. How do you plan to improve yourself? 24Public speaking is way of communicating ideas to an audience. The advantage of knowing how to communicate to an audience include critical thinking and verbal and non-verbal skills. Atthe end of the lesson, you should be able to: 1. use principles of effective speech delivery focusing on articulation, modulation, stage presence, facial expressions, gestures, movements and rapport with audience. WHAT IT IS Principles of Speech Delivery Articulation is the process by which vowel and consonant sounds are produced using the speech organs. This relates to pronunciation and enunciation, both of which should be complementary. To accomplish this, you must continue practicing. You can train yourself or enlist the assistance of a knowledgeable individual Modulation refers to the pitch, tempo, pause, and tone of your voice. Your voice should be your greatest asset when communicating. If you speak monotonously, your audience will quickly lose interest. Volume, speed, breaks, and emotions all play a role in achieving the proper modulation. Stage presence refers to your ability to confidently stand in front of an audience. People will pay attention to what you say if they see how confident you are. Facial expressions, gestures, and movement are all necessary components of an effective speech, provided they are not overused. Audiences prefer speakers who can truly express themselves through their facial features, hands, and feet. 255. Speakers should always strive to establish rapport with their audiences. If you recall the principles for writing a speech, you should consider the audience profile first to avoid any potential conflict. If you do, you should also consider your audience when delivering your speech. Certain speakers have their own methods for accomplishing this. WHAT'S MORE A. Directions: Classify the words below in the proper heading. farticuTation audience profile duration facial expressions Gestures movements grammatical correctness logical organization modulation rapport with audience stage presence word choice ‘Seta topic off Plan ahead | Execute the | Enunciate | Calm your | Hone your duration speech nerves _ | people skills B. Directions: Given the following situations, identify the area that needs to be-improved. Write S for setting a topic or duration, EN for enunciating, P for planning ahead, C for calming one’s nerves, EX for executing the speech, and H for honing people skills, 1. The students at the graduation ceremony did not pay attention to the speaker who talks about his biography. 2. Abest man in a wedding ceremony was asked to give a toast for the couple. He just stammered. 3. A curator of an art gallery provided information for every artwork to the visitors but the latter kept on ignoring her. 4. The restaurant server had a hard time getting orders from a British man. 5. The speaker kept on providing the same ideas 26WHAT I CAN DO A. Directions: Your journey as a writer begins today. Here is a sample of a template which will guide you in writing your speech. Assume that your audience are Senior High students in your community. What topic do you want to talk about? Why do you prefer this topic? Do you have enough examples/ evidence to support your topic? Prepare your outline by completing the diagram below. The number of main ideas and supporting details depends on you. |. Provide a catchy introductory line. A B. Il. Write your first main idea A. What example can support your main idea? B. c. Ill, Write your second main idea ‘A. What example can support your main idea? B. c. IV. How do you plan to end your speech? A B. Note: Turn the outline into a paragraph form. Follow the steps provided in the lecture. Practice delivering your speech 27For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600 Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985 Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected] 28