Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics.

com

CURRICULUM GRADE 10 -12 DIRECTORATE

NCS (CAPS) SUPPORT

JUST IN TIME LEARNER REVISION DOCUMENT

GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1

GRADE 12

2024
Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics.
PREAMBLE com
This support document serves to assist Geography Grade 12 learners in dealing with
curriculum content gaps and learning losses. Activities serve as a guide on how various
topics are assessed at different cognitive levels and prepare learners for informal and
formal tasks in Geography.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NO

Question 1 (Climate and Weather) 3 - 19

PAPER ONE

Question 2 (Geomorphology) 20 - 41

Question 1 (Rural and Urban Settlement) 43 -59

PAPER TWO

Question 2 (South African Economic Geography) 60 - 79

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1.1 Various options are fprovided
rom Stasanmorephysics. com
possible answers to the following questions. Choose the
answer and write only the letter (A – D) next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.8) in
the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.9 D

[Source: https://www.weathersa.co.za/home/historicalsynoptic]

1.1.1 The pressure cell labelled A is the…

A. Kalahari anticyclone.
B. South Atlantic anticyclone.
C. South Indian anticyclone.
D. Tropical cyclone.

1.1.2 Weather system B develops because of the impact of the Coriolis

force on the air movements between … cells.
A. polar high pressure and subpolar low pressure
B. subpolar low pressure and subtropical high pressure
C. subtropical high pressure and equatorial low pressure
D. equatorial low pressure and subpolar low pressure
1.1.3 Weather system B is steered by the…
A. easterlies
B. polar easterlies
C. trade winds
D. westerlies

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1.1.4 The map shown above is an example of a … synoptic weather map
because of the … rainfall experienced over Cape Town
i. summer
ii. winter
iii. frontal
iv. convectional

A. (i) and (iii)

B. (i) and (iv)
C. (ii) and (iii)
D. (ii) and (iv)
1.1.5 Weather system B is in the …. stage.
A. initial
B. wave
C. mature
D. occluded
1.1.6 The conditions experienced ahead of the cold front are a/an …
A. increase in pressure and decrease in temperature.
B. decrease in pressure and increase in temperature.
C. increase in pressure and increase in temperature.
D. decrease in pressure and decrease in temperature.

1.1.7 The change in wind direction of the weather system at B is called…

A. backing.
B. converging.
C. rotating.
D. veering.
1.1.8 The front labelled C on weather system B is known as the… front.
A. cold
B. occluded
C. stationary
D. warm
(8 x 1) (8)

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1.2 The figure shows a satellite image of a mid-latitude cyclone approaching Cape Town. The
satellite image shows typical winter conditions for South Africa.

Satellite Image 21st July

[Source: https://watchers.news/2019/07/22/intense-cold-front-to-make-landfall-in-south-
africa-cape-town-dam-levels-soaring-to-impressive-new-heights/]

1.2.1 Excluding the position of the mid-latitude cyclone, give evidence

from the satellite image that typical winter conditions are shown. (1 x 1) (1)
1.2.2 Why do mid-latitude cyclones usually pass over Cape Town
during the winter season? (1 x 2) (2)
1.2.3 Draw a simple, free-hand cross section through the front labelled
Q. Clearly indicate the position of the cold air mass, air
movement and the cloud associated with front Q. (4 x 1) (4)
1.2.4 Predict and explain any THREE weather changes inhabitants of
Cape Town will experience as front Q passes over. (3 x 2) (6)
[13]

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1.3 Downloaded
The extract belowfshows
rom impact
St anmorephysics.
of the cold front oncom
the Western Cape.

'A rapidly deepening (rapid drop in air pressure) low pressure system associated with a
cold front will pass through the Western and Eastern Cape from Friday 22 April up to
Saturday 23 April 2016,' spokesperson for SA Weather Service, Hannelee Doubell, says.
All beach-goers and those within the marine community have been warned to stay away
from the beach.
[Source: Traveller24: News Weather Update: 2016-04-22, 15:27]
[Source: https://www.weathersa.co.za/Documents/Publications/20160422.pdf]

1.3.1 What evidence in the figure indicates that X is a rapidly

deepening low pressure? (1 x 1) (1)
1.3.2 Describe the predicted change in temperature and air pressure
that Cape Town will experience. (2 x 1) (2)
1.3.3 Account for the cumulonimbus cloud that will form at Y. (1 x 2) (2)
1.3.4 Why have beach-goers been warned to stay away from the
beach? (2 x 2) (4)
1.3.5 Discuss how the residents of Cape coastal regions can reduce
the negative impact of cold fronts? (3 x 2) (6)
[15]

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1.4 Study the infographic on the mid-latitude cyclone below and answer the questions that
follow

Source: [https://theconversation.com/cape-of-storms-climate-researchers-explain-cape-towns-recent-extreme-weather-229012]

A severe storm hit South Africa’s Western Cape province between 6 and 9 April 2024, with
extreme winds gusting at up to 135km/h. The storm left a trail of destruction across Cape
Town and surrounding areas – at least 1,500 people were left homeless after the high
winds fanned fires through their communities, burning homes to the ground.

In Cape Town’s winter, westerly winds bring cold fronts resulting in cold, wet and windy
weather. About 70% of the extreme winter rainfall over this area occurs when cold fronts
shepherd in atmospheric rivers – long, narrow channels in the air along which enormous
amounts of water are transported. They tend to cause extreme rain when they hit
mountains.
[Adapted from theconversations.com]

1.4.1 Use the infographic to determine the date in which the cold front
hit the Western Cape province. (1 x 1) (1)
1.4.2 According to the infographic, what are the weather conditions
associated with the cold fronts? (2 x 1) (2)
1.4.3 Why does the intensity of rainfall differ at A and B? (1 x 2) (2)
1.4.4 Provide evidence from the infographic indicating that the warm
front occlusion has formed. (1 x 2) (2)
1.4.5 Explain how the phenomenon at C develops. (2 x 2) (4)
1.4.6 Explain how the weather conditions associated with front marked
A would negatively affect the residents of the informal settlement
along the west coast. (2 x 2) (4)
[15]

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1.5 The figure shows fthe
rom St anmorephysics.
formation and characteristicscom
of a tropical cyclone. Match the
descriptions below with sketches A, B and C. Write only the letter A, B or C next to
question numbers.

[Source: https://www.civilsdaily.com/devastation-to-resilience-indias-cyclone/]
1.5.1 Latent heat is released from the cooling air.
1.5.2 Cirrus and cumulus clouds produce light rain.
1.5.3 Column of low pressure develops in the centre.
1.5.4 Towering cumulus clouds are evident around the eye.
1.5.5 Pressure of the eye drops to below 1000hPa.
1.5.6 Tropical cyclones reaches up to 100km in diameter.
1.5.7 Water evaporates from warm tropical oceans.
1.5.8 Diameter of Tropical Cyclone extends up to 500km
(8 x 1) (8)

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1.6 Downloaded
The f roma satellite
figure below shows St anmorephysics. com
image of a tropical storm Edilson

[Source: https://weatherphotos.co.za/]

1.6.1 Identify the weather system represented in the satellite image.

1.6.2 Name the season represented by the satellite image.
1.6.3 Name the prevailing winds that drive this weather system.
1.6.4 Which Island between Reunion or Mauritius, will experience less
severe weather conditions?
1.6.5 How many cyclones appeared before Edilson?
1.6.6 Name the cloud type that is found along the line marked P.
1.6.7 In which Hemisphere did cyclone Edilson develop?
(7 x 1) (7)

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1.7 Study f rom
the infographic below St anmorephysics.
based on tropical cyclonecom
Freddy.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DISASTER FREDDY IN NUMBERS

Tropical cyclone Freddy first made Affected 1.3 Million people
landfall on Mozambique’s Inhambane Displaced 184 000
province on the 24 February 2023 with people
wind speeds up to 110km/h. The storm Deaths 200
then went back out to sea, refuelling on Houses 146 071
the warm waters of the southwest Indian destroyed
Ocean, before doing the rare manoeuvre Agricultural 92 000 hectares
of reversing course to head back to lands destroyed
Mozambique.
Damaged 1 000
Freddy made its second landfall on
schools
Mozambique on the 11 March 2023, with
Damaged roads 5000km of roads
wind speeds of up to 150km/h were
recorded. Tropical Cyclone Freddy also
caused heavy rainfall with 500mm of rain [source:
in 24 hours resulting to localised flooding https://disasterphilanthropy.org/disaster
and mudslides. s/tropical-cyclone-freddy/]
[Source:
https://disasterphilanthropy.org/disaster
s/tropical-cyclone-freddy/]

[Source: https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230315-what-makes-cyclone-
freddy-an-exceptional-storm]

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 1.7.1Downloaded f rom
Give ONE piece St anmorephysics.
of evidence in the infographiccom
that the tropical
cyclone is in the Southern Hemisphere. (1 x 1) (1)
1.7.2 State TWO weather conditions associated with tropical cyclones
indicated in the infographic. (2 x 1) (2)
1.7.3 Explain how tropical cyclone ‘refuelled’ when moving over the
Indian ocean between the 25 February and 06 March. (2 x 1) (2)
1.7.4 Discuss the environmental impact that tropical cyclone Freddy had
on Mozambique according to the infographic. (2 x 2) (4)
1.7.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, suggest strategies
that can be implemented to reduce the impact of Cyclone Freddy
in developing countries as indicated in the infographic (4 x 2) (8)
[17]
1.8 The extract below is on Tropical Cyclone Alvaro.
Alvaro, the first cyclone of 2024, made landfall near Morombe in Madagascar on January
1, 2024. It is the first cyclone to hit Madagascar during the 2023-2024 season, which in
the southwest Indian Ocean runs from around late October to May

The effects of Alvaro, a Severe Tropical Storm, underscore Madagascar’s vulnerability to

climate-related disasters once again. This underlines the growing importance of Early
Warning for All, the World Meteorological Organization said in a tweet on January 3,
2024.The existing early warning systems in the Southern Africa region, including
Madagascar, are inadequate to prevent loss of life and economic hardship.
[Source: https://www.downtoearth.org.in/africa/alvaro-first-cyclone-of-2024-hits-madagascar-93724]

1.8.1 Give evidence from the extract showing that tropical cyclones are
named alphabetically. (1 x 1) (1)
1.8.2 The Coriolis Force is almost zero between 0° and 4° south and
north of the equator. How will this impact on the point of origin of
a tropical cyclone? (1 x 2) (2)
1.8.3 Discuss why there is a growing importance of early warning
systems in Madagascar. (2 x 2) (4)
1.8.4 Explain why satellite images are effective for tracking cyclones. (2 x 2) (4)
1.8.5 Outline the economic and environmental impact of cyclones in
less developed countries like Madagascar. (2 x 2) (4)
[15]

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1.9 Refer to the stages and cross section of a tropical cyclone below.
STAGES OF A TROPICAL CYCLONE

CROSS SECTION OF A TROPICAL CYCLONE

[Adapted from https://www.google.com/search?q=cross+section+of+a+tropical+cyclone.

Accessed on 12 February 2023.]

1.9.1 In which hemisphere did the tropical cyclone develop (1 x 1) (1)

1.9.2 Name the stage of development at A. (1 x 1) (1)
1.9.3 Which ONE of the stages A or B is represented by the cross-
(1 x 1) (1)
section of the tropical cyclone?
1.9.4 Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 1.9.3. (1 x 2) (2)
1.9.5 Refer to the Eye and Eye wall on the cross-section
(a) Differentiate between the air movement in the Eye and the
Eye wall. (2 x 1) (2)
(b) In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain how
the air movement influenced the weather conditions in the
(4 x 2) (8)
Eye and Eye wall.
[15]

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1.10 Downloaded f rom
The figure shows St anmorephysics.
a synoptic weather map. com

D B

[Source: https://www.weathersa.co.za/home/historicalsynoptic]

1.10.1 Name the pressure cell marked A.

1.10.2 Name one characteristic of pressure cell A.
1.10.3 Elongation of Isobars as indicated by line C is called…
1.10.4 Elongation of pressure cell A to the south east coast will result in
(dry/rainy) conditions.
1.10.5 In summer pressure cell A will shift to the (south/north).
1.10.6 Name the pressure system indicated by the letter D.
1.10.7 Pressure cell D is associated with (descending/ascending) air.
(7 x 1) (7)

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1.11 Downloaded
The figure below fshows
rom anti-cyclones
St anmorephysics. com

[Source: High Pressure Anticyclone – Search images (bing.com)]

1.11.1 Identify Pressure Cell B.

1.11.2 In which direction does the air diverge at Pressure Cell B?
1.11.3 Identify the general temperature of Pressure Cell A.
1.11.4 Give the direction of wind at E
1.11.5 Are the winds that reach D considered onshore or offshore winds?
1.11.6 Describe the wind characteristics at D.
1.11.7 Describe the characteristics of the moisture content at A.
(7 x 1) (7)

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1.12 Downloaded f rom
The figure shows St anmorephysics.
the influence of anticyclones oncom
the weather of South Africa.

[Source: NSC NOV 2022]

1.12.1 Name the season shown in sketch A. (1 x 1) (1)
1.12.2 Give a reason for your answer in Question 1.12.1. (1 x 2) (2)
1.12.3 Name the pressure cell that dominates the plateau in sketch A. (1 x 1) (1)
1.12.4 State the type of rainfall experienced on the plateau in sketch A. (1 x 1) (1)
1.12.5 Why is there a strong descending air above the plateau in sketch
B? (1 x 2) (2)
1.12.6 Account for the dry weather conditions over the plateau in sketch
B. (2 x 2) (4)
1.12.7 Discuss the significance of the weather conditions to the farmers
on the Highveld if the atmospheric conditions represented in
sketch B prevail throughout the year. (2 x 2) (4)
[15]

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1.13 Downloaded f rom
The figure shows St anmorephysics.
the development com in South Africa
of line thunderstorms

[Source: https://x.com/afriwx/status/1068577902973935616]

1.13.1 Define the concept moisture front. (1 x 2) (2)

1.13.2 In which season do line thunderstorms occur? (1 x 1) (1)
1.13.3 Give a reason for your answer in 1.13.2 above. (1 x 2) (2)
1.13.4 Name the source of moisture for the line thunderstorms. (1 x 2) (2)
1.13.5 Why is there usually a thicker band of clouds to the east of the
front? (2 x 2) (4)
1.13.6 Explain TWO positive environmental (natural) impacts of line
thunderstorms. (2 x 2) (4)
[15]

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1.14 Downloaded f rom
The figure below showsSt
theanmorephysics.
development of berg com
winds.

[Source: hqdefault.jpg (480×360) (ytimg.com)]

1.14.1 Name the season in which berg winds develop. (1 x 1) (1)

1.14.2 State TWO conditions necessary for the development of berg
winds. (2 x 1) (2)
1.14.3 Account for the moisture content of the berg winds. (1 x 2) (2)
1.14.4 Explain how the escarpment influences the development of berg
winds. (2 x 2) (4)
1.14.5 Why are the berg winds associated with veld fires? (1 x 2) (2)
1.14.6 Suggest sustainable strategies that can be applied to curb (stop)
the veld fires. (2 x 2) (4)
[15]

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1.15 The diagram belowf shows
rom valley
St anmorephysics.
climate. com

1.15.1 Name the local wind that blows at A. (1 x 1) (1)

1.15.2 Give ONE characteristic of the wind labelled A. (1 x 1) (1)
1.15.3 Identify and describe the atmospheric condition at X. (1 + 2) (3)
1.15.4 Discuss the role of the wind mentioned in QUESTION 1.15.1
would play in the formation of the thermal belt. (2 x 2) (4)
1.15.5 As an agricultural officer from the department of agriculture.
Suggest reasons why small-scale farmers choose to cultivate
oranges on the valley floor. (3 x 2) (6)
[15]

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1.16 The figures below show the urban heat island.
FIGURE A

[Source: https://www.metlink.org/fieldwork-resource/urban-heat-island-introduction/]
FIGURE B

1.16.1 Define the concept urban heat island. (1 x 2) (2)

1.16.2 What is the highest temperature recorded in the CBD? (1 x 1) (1)
1.16.3 Determine the temperature change from the CBD to RURAL
areas. (1 x 2) (2)
1.16.4 Describe how the glass windows in FIGURE B will result in
increase in temperature in the urban area. (1 x 2) (2)
1.16.5 State the strategy to reduce temperatures that is being
implemented at A in FIGURE B. (1 x 2) (2)
1.16.6 Explain how the THREE strategies (A, B and C) evident in
FIGURE B contributed to the reduction of the heat island effect. (3 x 2) (6)
[15]

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QUESTION f rom St anmorephysics. com
2: GEOMORPHOLOGY

2.1. Choose the correct word/term from COLUMN B that is best described by a definition in
COLUMN A. Write only the letter Y or Z next to the question number (2.1.1. to 2.1.7),
Example; 2.1.8. Y.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
2.1.1. Where the river originates. Y catchment area
Z river source
2.1.2. The high lying area between two tributaries. Y watershed
Z interfluve
2.1.3. Streams that have their source in high rainfall Y periodic
areas and flow through deserts. Z exotic
2.1.4 It develops as a result of disruption of a pre- Y deranged
existing drainage pattern. Z dendritic
2.1.5 The main river and its tributaries. Y river system
Z drainage basin
2.1.6 Water that flows on the surface after it rains. Y surface run off
Z infiltration
2.1.7. Point where the river enters the sea. Y lower course
Z river mouth

(7 x 1) (7)

2.2. Refer to the illustrations below showing drainage basin A and drainage basin B.

[Source: https://www.google.com/search?q=drainagebasins]

2.2.1. Give evidence to suggest that drainage basin B has

high drainage density.
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 Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com (1 x 1) (1)
2.2.2. State one factor that could have contributed to high
drainage density at B. (1 x 2) (2)
2.2.3. Describe the relationship between the drainage density
and stream ordering. (1 x 2) (2)
2.2.4. How will increased rainfall impact on drainage basin A? (1 x 2) (2)
2.2.5. In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, discuss
how human activities along drainage basin B could have
caused the increase in drainage density. (4 x 2) (8)

2.3. Study the diagram below which shows a dendritic drainage pattern.

[Source: www.sageography.myschoolstuff.co.za]

2.3.1 Define the term drainage pattern. (1 x 2) (2)

2.3.2. Determine the stream order at point A. (1 x 2) (2)
2.3.3 Name ONE factor that resulted in a dendritic stream
pattern forming in this drainage basin. (1 x 2) (2)
2.3.4 Draw a simple, labelled plain view of a drainage pattern
that would develop in a folded landscape. (4 x 1) (4)
2.3.5 Explain how will the prolonged period of drought impact
on the stream order and density of the drainage basin in
the diagram. (2 x 2) (4)

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2.4. Refer f romprofile
to the longitudinal St anmorephysics.
of a river below. com

[Source: www.clifsnotes.com]

2.4.1 Define the term longitudinal profile. (1 x 2) (2)

2.4.2 Name a temporary base level of erosion evident on the sketch. (1 x 1) (1)
2.4.3 State ONE characteristic of the riverbed of a graded river. (1 x 1) (1)
2.4.4 Draw a labelled free-hand sketch of a graded longitudinal profile. (3 x 1) (3)
2.4.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain the processes that
the profile above must undergo to change from an ungraded to a graded
profile. (4 x 2) (8)

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2.5 Refer to the sketch showing river grade and the longitudinal profiles of a river.

[Adapted from alevelgeography.com]

2.5.1 Give a geographical term to describe the irregular shape of longitudinal

profile B. (1 x 1) (1)
2.5.2 Name a temporary base level evident in longitudinal profile B. (1 x 1) (1)
2.5.3 What evidence suggests that rejuvenation has taken place in longitudinal
profile A? (1 x 2) (2)
2.5.4 Describe, with reasons, the changes a river meander will undergo after
rejuvenation. (2 x 2) (4)
2.5.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain the processes that
influenced the graded river in profile C to have a steep gradient in the
upper course and a gradual gradient in the lower course. (4 x 2) (8)

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2.6 Refer to the changing cross-profile of the valley along the river's course.

[Source: https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.Q1D_C90IxYFqelS5PSCuWQHaEM?rs=1&pid=ImgDetMain]

2.6.1 In which course of the river is the source found? (1 x 1) (1)

2.6.2 Name TWO elements (dimensions) of the cross-profile that
changed from the upper to the lower course. (2 x 1) (2)
2.6.3 Differentiate between the fluvial processes that shaped the cross
profiles of the following courses:
a) upper course
b) lower course (2 x 2) (4)
2.6.4 Describe the reasons for the change in the shape of the cross-
profile of the middle course. (2 x 2) (4)
2.6.5. Explain why the shape of the cross-profile in the upper course of
the river will make it the most suitable place to build a dam. (2 x 2) (4)
2.7 Study the drainage patterns below. Match the statements with the
correct letter (A - D) e.g. 2.7.11 E.

[Source: own sketch]

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 Downloaded
2.7.1 Associated fwith
rom St anmorephysics.
a sedimentary rock with jointscom
and faults.
2.7.2 Resembles the branches of a tree.
2.7.3 Main river has 90° bends and tributaries joint at 90°.
2.7.4 Associated with uniform rock strata.
2.7.5 Main streams are parallel and tributaries join at right angles.
2.7.6 Domes results in this drainage pattern.
2.7.7 Has alternating layers of hard and soft rock.
2.7.8 Tributaries join at acute angles.
2.7.9 Resembles the spokes of a wheel.
2.7.10 Associated with strata that have major faults.
(10 x 1) (10)

2.8 Study the diagram below showing a fluvial landform.

[Adapted from www.alamy.com ]

2.8.1 Name the fluvial landform that forms when the river enters the sea. (1 x 1) (1)
2.8.2 In which stage (course) of the river is the above landform found? (1 x 1) (1)
2.8.3 Identify feature labelled A. (1 x 1) (1)
2.8.4 Which other fluvial landform has feature labelled A besides the one
named in QUESTION 2.8.1. (1 x 2) (2)
2.8.5 Explain ONE condition necessary for the formation of the fluvial ( 1 x 2) (2)
landform named in QUESTION 2.8.1.
2.8.6 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain the advantages
for people living near the landform named in QUESTION 2.8.1.
(4 x 2) (8)

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2.9Downloaded f rombelow
Study the illustration St anmorephysics.
showing the plan viewcom
of a river.

[Source: own sketch]

2.9.1 Name the stages (courses) of the river labelled A, B and C. (3 x 1) (3)
2.9.2 Determine the stream order at G. (1 x 2) (2)
2.9.3 The (gradient/length) of the river can be determined from the
illustration above. (1 x 1) (1)
2.9.4 The above figure shows a (graded/ungraded) river. (1 x 1) (1)
2.9.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain the processes
a river has to undergo in order to become graded. (4 x 2) (8)

2.10 Study the illustration below showing drainage basins.

[Source: own sketch]

2.10.1 Define the concept drainage density. (1 x 2) (2)

2.10.2 There is a high drainage density at (A/B). (1 x 1) (1)
2.10.3 Explain THREE possible reasons that could have led to the drainage
density identified in QUESTION 2.10.2. (3 x 2) (6)
2.10.4 What is the general direction of the main rivers in drainage basins A
and B. (1 x 1) (1)
2.10.5 Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 2.10.4. ( 1 x 2) (2)

26
 Downloaded
2.11 f rom
Study the sketch St anmorephysics.
showing com Match the statements with the
geomorphological features.
correct letter from the sketch. Write only the LETTER (A-H) next to the question
number. E.g., 2.11.9 I.

[Source: own sketch]

2.11.1 Area drained by the river and its tributaries.

2.11.2 Point where river enters the sea.
2.11.3 Starting point of the river.
2.11.4 Place where two rivers join.
2.11.5 High lying land separating two drainage basins.
2.11.6 Smaller streams that join the main river.
2.11.7 Land that separates streams in the same drainage basin.
2.11.8 Larger river that receives water from smaller rivers.
(8 x 1) (8)

27
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2.12 Refer to the sketch on fluvial landforms below.

[Source: own sketch]

2.12.1 The fluvial landforms illustrated in the above sketch are

predominantly in the (middle/lower) course. (1 x 1) (1)
2.12.2 Identify fluvial landform A on the above sketch. (1 x 1) (1)
2.12.3 (a) Draw a cross section of the landform from B to C. (2 x 1) (2)
(b) What is the dominant fluvial process in slope C? (1 x 1) (1)
(c) Give a reason for your answer in QUESTION 2.12.3 (b) ( 1 x 2) (2)
2.12.4 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, describe the processes
that resulted in the formation of fluvial landform D. (4 x 2) (8)

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 Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com
2.13 Refer to the river profiles A and B below.
A B

[Source:https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.LTXUbH72TDa3WU3uif7AHaEM?rs=1&pid=ImgDetMain]

Complete the statements in Column A with the options in COLUMN B. Write down only Y
or Z next to the question numbers (2.13.1 to 2.13.7) in the ANSWER BOOK,
e.g. 2.13.8 Y.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

2.13.1 Sketches A and B illustrate the longitudinal Y source to the mouth

profile of a river because it shows a river Z bank to bank
from …
2.13.2 Type of river flow associated with sketch….is Y A
laminar flow. Z B
2.13.3 This profile is characterized by riverbed that Y A
is multi concave. Z B
2.13.4 The tilted rock just above point X is... Y soft rock
Z hard rock
2.13.5 Sketch …shows the profile of a river after Y A
river rejuvenation has occurred. Z B
2.13.6 In profile B there is …. Y balance between erosion
and deposition
Z imbalance between erosion and
deposition
2.13.7 In profile …., a knickpoint is evident. Y A
Z B
(7 x 1 ) (7)

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2.14 Refer to the sketches(river profiles) below indicating river grading and answer
the questions that follow.

Source:https://serve.mg.co.za/content/documents/2013/09/25/geoggr12ssipsessions8-
11ln2013.pdf

2.14.1 Define the concept ungraded river profile. (1 x 2) (2)

2.14.2 Identify the permanent base level of erosion evident in profile A. (1 x 1) (1)

2.14.3 With reference to sketch B, give ONE piece of evidence to support

the statement that sketch B shows an ungraded profile. (1 x 2) (2)
2.14.4 Compare the rate of erosion and the rate of deposition in profile A. (1 x 2) (2)
2.14.5 Discuss TWO negative impacts of temporary base levels such as
rapids and waterfalls associated with profile B on infrastructural
development. (2 x 2) (4)
2.14.6 Explain the role played by each of the following processes involved
in an ungraded river to become a graded one.
a) Headward erosion
b) Vertical erosion (2 x 2) (4)

30
2.15 Refer to the sketch (river profile) below indicating river grading.

Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com

[Source: https://wcedonline.westerncape.gov.za/documents/DBE]

2.15.1 Give another term for permanent base level of erosion. (1 x 1) (1)
2.15.2 Provide evidence from the sketch to support that the river
is ungraded. (1 x 2) (2)
2.15.3 Suggest a possible reason for the waterfall to be regarded
as temporary base level. (1 x 2) (2)
2.15.4 State the type of river discharge (type of river flow)
associated with the profile shown above. (1 x 1) (1)

2.15.5 Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 2.15.4. (1 x 2) (2)

2.15.6 Draw a simple, labelled diagram of a graded river profile. (3 x 1) (3)
2.15.7 Explain TWO processes that a river must undergo to
become a graded one. (2 x 2) (4)

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 Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com

2.16 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following statements. Choose
the correct term/concept from the box that matches the statement .Write only the
term/concept next to the question numbers (2.16.1 - 2.16.7).

isostatic uplift rejuvenated river knickpoint

paired terraces incised meander concave

overgraded river valley within a valley

2.16.1 Rejuvenated river that vertically erodes, leading to meanders between

steep valley sides.
2.16.2 Sharp change in gradient along the course of a river.
2.16.3 A rejuvenated river begins to erode a new valley within the old one.
2.16.4 Refers to the rising of the land.
2.16.5 River that has a very heavy load, flowing quickly.
2.16.6 This occurs when a river receives additional energy and begins to
erode vertically.
2.16.7 Steps that show the level of the valley floor prior to rejuvenation.

32
2.17 Downloaded f romindicating
Refer to the sketches St anmorephysics. com
river rejuvenation.

[Source: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-81-322-1539-4_8]

2.17.1 Define the concept river rejuvenation. (1 x 2) (2)

2.17.2 State the geomorphological process responsible for
rejuvenation shown in the above sketch. (1 x 2) (2)
2.17.3 Give TWO possible factors resulting to river rejuvenation. (2 x 1) (2)

2.17.4 Identify the river feature that develops after rejuvenation

has taken place. (1 x 1) (1)
2.17.5 Explain how the feature identified in QUESTION 2.17.4
formed. (2 x 2) (4)
2.17.6 This type of landscape is not suitable for human activity.
Justify the statement. (2 x 2) (4)

(7 x1 ) (7)

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 Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com
2.18 Refer to the sketches indicating river rejuvenation.

[Source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Schematic-representation-of-the-formation-of-
river-floodplains-and-terraces-under-the_fig5_376234796]

2.18.1 Define the concept vertical erosion. (1 x 2) (2)

2.18.2 Mention TWO geomorphological processes responsible
for rejuvenation shown in the above sketch. (2 x 1) (2)
2.18.3 Identify the river feature that has formed after
rejuvenation. (1 x 1) (1)
2.18.4 Using the sketch above, explain how river rejuvenation
has taken place. (2 x 2) (4)
2.18.5 The landscape shown above is responsible for flood
control. Explain how this could favour a nearby
settlement. (1 x 2) (2)
2.18.6 The sketch (landscape) shown above is not beneficial to
human activity. Explain why this may not be the site
chosen by a farmer. (2 x 2) (4)

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 Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com
2.19 Refer to the sketch indicating river rejuvenation.

[Source: own sketch]

2.19.1 Define the concept knickpoint. (1 x 2) (2)

2.19.2 Mention the main geomorphological process responsible
for the process shown in the above sketch. (1 x 1) (1)
2.19.3 Using the sketch above, where is the area of
rejuvenation? (1 x 1) (1)
2.19.4 With reference to the sketch, what is the reason for
rejuvenation. (1 x 1) (1)
2.19.5 What fluvial landform may be found where rejuvenation
has taken place. (1 x 2) (2)
2.19.6 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, discuss the
processes in which an ungraded river undergoes to
become graded. (4 x 2) (8)

35
2.20 Downloaded f rom
Refer to the sketch Stcapture
on river anmorephysics.
(stream piracy).com

[Adapted: 2024 DBE May/June P1]

Complete the statements in Column A with the options in Column B. Write only Y
or Z next to the question numbers (2.20.1 to 2.20.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g.
2.20.8 Y.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
2.20.1 Tributary P undergoes the process Y lateral
of…erosion Z headward
2.20.2 River Q flows on a…altitude. Y lower
Z higher
2.20.3 River R will have a/an…speed of water Y increased
after river capture. Z reduced
2.20.4 The river gravel occurred due to…volume Y increased
of water in the river. Z decreased
2.20.5 The physical negative impact of river S. Y less water for irrigation
Z disruption of aquatic life
2.20.6 The characteristic of feature T…bend Y right angle
Z acute angle
2.20.7 An environmental problem that will occur Y drought
at U after river capture. Z flooding
(7 x 1) (7)

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 Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com
2.21 Refer to the sketches showing the process of river capture (stream piracy).

[Adapted: 2014 DBE Feb/March P1]

2.21.1 Define the concept river capture. (1 x 2) (2)

2.21.2 Which one, river X or river Y is the captor stream? (1 x 1) (1)

2.21.3 Match letters B and D with the following;

a) watershed
b) misfit (2 x 1) (2)
2.21.4 Suggest how the cultivated lands at C will be negatively
impacted after the process of river capture. (1 x 2) (2)
2.21.5 Explain TWO reasons why river X possibly had a more
erosive power. (2 x 2) (4)
2.21.6 Discuss TWO physical changes that river Y will undergo
after the river capture process. (2 x 2) (4)

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 Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com
2.22 Refer to the sketches on superimposed and antecedent drainage patterns.

[Adapted fromhttps://th.bing.com/th/id/R.bb972d1118a05656cc40fea41fa6b17e?rik ]

2.22.1 Differentiate between superimposed and antecedent

drainage patterns. (2 x 2) (4)
2.22.2 Identify the TWO types of drainage patterns shown by A
and B respectively. (2 x 1) (2)
2.22.3 Refer to the drainage pattern at B. Mention the fluvial
feature evident. (1 x 1) (1)
2.22.4 State the process associated with the formation of
drainage pattern B. (1 x 2) (2)
2.22.5 Discuss THREE reasons why the illustrated landscapes
are not suitable for human activities. (3 x 2) (6)

38
2.23 Downloaded f rom
Refer to the article St anmorephysics.
on catchment com
and river management.

POLLUTION OF THE VAAL RIVER SYSTEM

The Vaal River is one of South

Africa’s strongest flowing
rivers. It is home to the Vaal
Dam, which supplies water to
the Gauteng Province, South
Africa’s economic hub. Over
the years, the failing
wastewater treatment system
in the catchment area has led
to continued pollution of the
river, compromising this
critical resource and the
economy of the region. In
2018, following a public
outcry, the South African
Human Rights Commission instituted an inquiry into the state of affairs of the region’s
water and sanitation management issues as well as the level and extent of the
pollution problem. The Commission discovered raw sewerage in a stream flowing
through the Emfuleni Golf Course, burst sewer pipes on the banks of the Rietspruit,
dysfunctional components in the Rietspruit Wastewater Treatment Works, blocked
manholes, and children from a nearby school swimming in and consuming polluted
water. Raw sewage was found to be discharging from dysfunctional wastewater
treatment plants into the receiving Vaal River.

Source:http://www.witpress.com/elibrary/wit-transactions-on-ecology-and-the-
environment/257/38294

2.23.1 Which province is largely supplied with water by the

Vaal River? (1 x 1) (1)
2.23.2 What, according to the article was the main reason for
the continued pollution of the Vaal River? (1 x 1) (1)
2.23.3 State a possible health issue that might affect children
as a result of the pollution of the Vaal River (1 x 1) (1)
2.23.4 Explain how the Human Rights Commission intervened
on the outcry of the public based on the pollution crisis. (2 x 2) (4)
2.23.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, discuss
strategies that can be implemented by the Johannesburg
Metropolitan Municipality to reduce the pollution of the
Vaal River. (4 x 2) (8)

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 Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com
2.24 Refer to the article on catchment and river management.

DURBAN CONTAMINATED WATER; WE ARE SWIMMING IN WASTE WHILE

DODGING E. coli.

Rivers polluted by sewers are

nothing new to Durbanites in the
province of KwaZulu-Natal . The
riverside residential community
was fed up with the unpleasant
stench of raw sewage in the air.
It was no longer safe to walk
along the Umgeni river or enjoy
the surroundings and wildlife of
the river. Informal communities
that settled along riverbanks to
earn a living or provide an
income for their families were
unable even to use the river for
their daily water consumption. Industrial discharges from factories and raw sewage
seeping into the rivers had become a daily occurrence. A few weeks after large
numbers of fish were killed in the Isipingo River and estuary due to high levels of
E.coli, another large number of fish was killed in the Umgeni River. Stringent
measures such as river management was a proposed solution to the problem.

Source: http://www.greenpeace.org/africa/en/blogs/52684/ethekwini-contaminated-water-
we-are-swimming-in-faeces-while-dodging-e-coli

2.24.1 Define the concept river management. (1 x 2) (2)

2.24.2 In which province is Durban located? (1 x 1) (1)
2.24.3 Identify the bacteria that occurred as a result of the
polluted Umgeni River. (1 x 2) (2)
2.24.4 Mention TWO sources of pollution for the Umgeni River,
according to the article. (2 x 1) (2)
2.24.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines discuss
how pollution impact on the health system of the Umgeni (4 x 2) (8)
River.

40
2.25 Downloaded f rom
Refer to the article St anmorephysics.
on catchment com
and river management.

OLIFANTS – TIME TO STAND UP FOR A RIVER UNDER SIEGE

There is an acute
need for the
management of
human activities in
the Upper Olifants
River catchment to
halt an increasingly
serious situation of
poor water quality,
eutrophication and
contamination.
Researchers
identified three
main sources of
impacts on the
quality of the Upper
Olifants River and
its tributaries.
These are acidic water, metals and sulphates from mining and industrial activity;
excessively high nutrient input from poorly operating municipal wastewater treatment
works as well as some agricultural activities; and extremely high microbial input from
untreated or poorly treated sewage. Some of the adverse effects of these pollutants
include widespread eutrophication of the river, toxic water quality in places, and an
increase in the potential for bioaccumulation of pollutants, such as metals, in
organisms through the food chain.

Source:http://www.wrc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/WWMay2013olifants.pdf

2.25.1 Define the concept catchment area. (1 x 2) (2)

2.25.2 Identify ONE lake along the Olifants River, evident within
the South African map. (1 x 1) (1)
2.25.3 Quote ONE piece of evidence from the article supporting
that poor water quality resulted from human activities. (1 x 2) (2)
2.25.4 Explain how the buffering of the Olifants river could be a
sustainable strategy for river management. (2 x 2) (4)
2.25.5 Discuss the economic significance of managing the
Olifants River. (3 x 2) (6)

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PAPER TWO

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1.1 Refer to the photograph showing a rural settlement pattern.

[Source:https://www.thedailyscoop.com/news/retail-industry/high-interest-rates-strong-us-dollar-
take-toll-ag-economy]

1.1.1 Define the term situation. (1 x 2) (2)

1.1.2 State TWO factors that influenced the choice of site for (2 x 2) (4)
the settlement on the image.
1.1.3 Identify and describe the settlement pattern shown on (1 + 2) (3)
the image above.
1.1.4 Discuss THREE advantages of settling in this (3 x 2) (6)
settlement based on the settlement pattern identified on
QUESTION 1.1.3
[15]

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 Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com

1.2 Refer to the photograph showing small-scale farming

Source: https://www.citinewsroom.com/2024/04/northern-region-aggregators-oppose-
ghanas-embrace-of-biotechnology-in-agriculture/

1.2.1 Define the concept small scale farming (1 x 2) (2)

1.2.2 Identify ONE piece of evidence that the photograph
above shows small scale farming. (1 x 1) (1)
1.2.3 Give TWO challenges that small scale farmers
experience in rural areas. (2 x 1) (1)
1.2.4 The photograph depicts subsistence farming.
Differentiate between subsistence farming and
commercial farming. (2 x 2) (4)
1.2.5 Discuss the significance (importance) of small scale
farming in rural areas. (2 x 2) (4)
1.2.6 Discuss how mechanisation in commercial farms has
led to rural-urban migration. (2 x 2) (4)
[16]

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 Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com

1.3 Refer to the sketch below showing rural-urban migration.

KEY:
$ US Dollar (money)

Source:https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/secession-of-the-urban-indian/241749/

1.3.1 Define the term rural depopulation (1 x 2) (2)

1.3.2 Which age - group is the first to move to urban areas. (1 x 1) (1)
1.3.3 Give TWO pull factors evident in the sketch that result in (2 x 1) (2)
rural-urban migration.
1.3.4 Discuss the impact of rural depopulation on the economy of (2 x 2) (4)
rural areas
1.3.5 Discuss how improving infrastructure in rural areas can (3 x 2) (6)
prevent rural-urban migration.
[15]

45
 Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com

1.4 Refer to the sketch below showing rural-urban migration.

A B
1.4.1 Identify the type of pattern displayed by settlement A. (1 x 1) (1)
1.4.2 State TWO social push factors associated with the type of (2 x 1) (2)
pattern identified in QUESTION 1.4.1
1.4.3 Explain one effect of rural-urban migration on family (1 x 2) (2)
structures and relationship.
1.4.4 Discuss social challenges that rural migrants face in urban (2 x 2) (4)
areas.
1.4.5 Suggest sustainable strategies that must be implemented (3 x 2) (6)
to stop the migration of rural dwellers to urban areas.
[15]

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 Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com

1.5 Refer to the extract on land reform

1.5.1 What is land reform program? (1 x 2) (2)

1.5.2 State the act which made the Bakwena land at Mogopa
(1 x 1) (1)
to be part of South Africa set aside for Whites.
1.5.3 Suggest the section (part) of the land reform
(1 x 2) (2)
programme that will help the Bakwena to get their land
at Mogopa back.
1.5.4 Account for your answer in QUESTION 1.5.3 above (1 x 2) (2)

1.5.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, describe

(4 x 2) (8)
how the quick resettlement of the Bakwena’s land claim
issue will be considered as social justice.
[15]

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 Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com

1.6 Give one word/ term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the word/ term
next to the question number 1.6.1. to 1.6.8 in the answer book, e.g. 1.6.9. Metropolis
1.6.1 These are goods transferred from one mode of transport to (1 x 1) (1)
another.
1.6.2 The arrangement of settlements from the smallest to the (1 x 1) (1)
largest.
1.6.3 The maximum distance that people are prepared to travel to (1 x 1) (1)
buy goods or services.
1.6.4 A town that develops where there is a bridge across a river (1 x 1) (1)
1.6.5 The minimum number of customers needed to make a (1 x 1) (1)
business profitable
1.6.6 This is the market or catchment area from where an urban (1 x 1) (1)
settlement draws its customers.
1.6.7 Goods or services that are required infrequently. (1 x 1) (1)
1.6.8 A town that develops between hills. (1 x 1) (1)
(8)

1.7 Choose the word/ term from COLUMN B that completes the statement in COLUMN
A. Write only Y or Z next to the question numbers (1.7.1 to 1.7.8)
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1.7.1 The physical growth of the urban areas is referred to as Y Urban expansion
Z Natural growth
1.7.2 The process by which an increasing percentage of the Y Urbanization
population living in urban areas is known as… Z Rate of urbanization
1.7.3 The minimum number of customers needed for the Y Sphere of influence
business to operate profitable is known as… Z Threshold population
1.7.4 The maximum distance that people are prepare to travel Y Range
to buy goods and service is known as… Z Urban field
1.7.5 The uncontrolled expansion of urban areas is referred to Y Urban sprawl
as… Z Urban growth
1.7.6 These goods are purchased daily and are found in most Y High order
types of settlements…. Z Low order
1.7.7 There are (more/fewer) smaller central than larger central Y more
places…. Z fewer
(7 x 1) (7)

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1.8 Refer to graph below on urbanisation in South Africa from 2013 to 2023.

Source: https://www.statista.com/graphic/1/455931/urbanization-in-south-africa.jpg
1.8.1 Define the concept rate of urbanisation (1 x 2) (2)
1.8.2 In 2017, rate of urbanisation was standing at 65.85% in (1 x 1) (1)
South Africa. Provide possible reason for this.
1.8.3 Explain how urban planners must be creative to solve the (2 x 2) (4)
issues created by urbanization such as housing shortages
in South African cities.
1.8.4 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines discuss some (4 x 2) (8)
sustainable ways to slow down urbanisation.
[15]

49
 Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com

1.9 Refer to the sketches indicating street patterns and match descriptions in column A
with either Y or Z in column B.

Source: https://encrypted tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn

: ANd9GcRWmlTS_14_LmikwbCC44JEQQPRdXt9212uAQ&s

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1.9.1 Street pattern that has too many stops and go Y: radial
Z: grid-iron
1.9.2 Roads radiates away from the central point Y: irregular
Z: radial
1.9.3 Saves fuel and travelling time Y: irregular
Z: grid-iron
1.9.4 Characteristic of a hilly landscape Y: irregular
Z: grid-iron
1.9.5 Easy to plan and layout on land that is flat Y: radial
Z: grid-iron
1.9.6 Ring roads allow traffic to bypass the city centre Y: grid-iron
Z: radial
1.9.7 It is a feature of a new urban development Y: irregular
Z: radial
1.9.8 Not suitable on steep land Y: radial
Z: grid-iron
(8 x 1) (8)

50
 Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com

1.10 Choose the correct answer from options provided. Write only the letter of the correct
answer.
1.10.1 In the modern western American city model, the CBD is
known as …
A. down town (1 x 1) (1)
B. central business district
C. sky scrapers
D. city centre
1.10.2 In the South African city model, high income residential area
is found..
(i) away from the CBD (1 x 1) (1)
(ii) closer to the CBD
(iii) in less attractive areas
(iv) in more attractive areas

A. (i) and (ii)

B. (i) and (iv)
C. (ii) and (iv)
D. (ii) and (iii)
1.10.3 Golf courses and airports are some of the characteristics of
this land use zone
A. transition zone (1 x 1) (1)
B. rural-urban fringe
C. industrial zone
D. residential zone
1.10.4 Some of the characteristics for light industrial zone are…
(i) air pollution
(ii) occupies smaller spaces (1 x 1) (1)
(iii) less or no pollution
(iv) building with saw-tooth shape

A. (ii) and (iii)

B. (i) and (iv)
C. (iii) and (iv)
D. (ii) and (iv)
1.10.5 Degree to which functions attract or repel each other is
known as…
A. accessibility (1 x 1) (1)
B. compatibility
C. gentrification
D. facadism
1.10.6 View of the city from the side is known as…
A. urban blight
B. urban profile (1 x 1) (1)
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 Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com
C. urban structure
D. building density
1.10.7 An old function is replaced by a new function in the transition
zone
A. urban blight (1 x 1) (1)
B. invasion and succession
C. renewal
D. regeneration
[7]

1.11 Refer to the diagram below to answer the following questions.

Source:https://edurev.gumlet.io/ApplicationImages/Temp/12058070_37b849c0-793c-45d3-aef2-
0ba8ecdd57bd_lg.png?w=400&dpr=2.6

1.11.1 What is the sphere of influence? (1 x 2) (2)

1.11.2 Which city between A, B and C has smaller sphere of influence? (1 x 1) (1)
1.11.3 Provide a reason for your answer in question 1.11.2 (1 x 2) (2)
1.11.4 What is the relationship between the size of central places and (2 x 2) (4)
the number of central places?
1.11.5 Determine the relationship between the threshold population and (1 x 2) (2)
the order of service.
1.11.6 Differentiate between high order and low order goods. (2 x 2) (4)
[15]

52
 Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com
1.12 Refer to the sketch showing urban land use zone model.

Source:https://www.researchgate.net/publicatio
n
/337900772/figure/fig1/AS:882713196240898@
1587466634301 /Apartheid
-city-model-Source-Davies-1981-61.png
1.12.1 Name the model of urban structure depicted in the diagram (1 x 1) (1)
above.
1.12.2 Identify ONE characteristic of the CBD (A) (1 x 1) (1)
1.12.3 Discuss TWO reasons for high socio-economic status
(W) to be located away from industrial area (2 x 2) (4)
1.12.4 According to this model, which land use zone covers the
larger area? (1 x 1) (1)
1.12.5 In a paragraph of approximately Eight lines, discuss the
similarities and differences between multiple nuclei model and (4 x 2) (8)
the illustrated model
[15]

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1.13 Refer to the infographic below on Durban’s CBD clean-up programme
Durban launches radical CBD-clean-up programme

In 2017, former Mayor of eThekwini Zandile Gumede tabled a robust plan to

rejuvenate the Durban’s CBD. The programme, which mayor Gumede said will
attract investment and create more employment, aimed to address cleanliness and
safety issues which include crime and grime, illegal trading and derelict (dilapidated)
buildings.
Source: http://infrastructurenews.co.za/2017/09/18/durban-launches-radical-cbd-
clean-up-programme/

1.13.1 Identify ONE characteristic of the CBD visible on the (1 x 1) (1)

photograph above.

1.13.2 State TWO safety issues mentioned in extract that CBD clean- (2 x 1) (2)
up programme in Durban aimed to address.
1.13.3 Explain the negative impact of the issues mentioned in (2 x 2) (4)
QUESTION 1.13.2 on the economy of Durban’s CBD.

1.13.4 In a paragraph of approximately eight lines, discuss possible (4 x 2) (8)

strategies that will form part of CBD clean-up programme to
address the issues facing Durban’s CBD.
[15]

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1.14 Refer to the sketch below showing rural-urban fringe.

Source: http://brettonwoodhighschool.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/GRADE12 WEEK-

4-LESSON-7-8.pdf]
1.14.1 What is rural – urban fringe? (1 x 2) (2)
1.14.2 Identify ONE point of evidence from the sketch that rural- (1 x 1) (1)
urban fringe is a mixed land use zone.
1.14.3 Explain ONE centrifugal force in the CBD that has led to (1 x 2) (2)
relocation of commercial activities to rural-urban fringe.
1.14.4. Discuss TWO factors that have attracted high income (2 x 2) (4)
residential development in the rural-urban fringe.
1.14.5 Evaluate the negative impact that development in the rural- (3 x 2) (6)
urban fringe will have in surrounding rural communities.
[15]

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1.15 Refer to the infographic and photograph depicting urban blight.
APARTHEID AND ITS AFTERMATH, IN THE STORY OF ONE VERY TALL
APARTMENT
After the fall of the Apartheid, however, things got even worse at the tower. The
surrounding neighbourhood, once an upscale area of Johannesburg, became
consumed by crime and drug-dealing gangs began moving into the building. Ponte
City eventually became a hub for criminal activity. Dangerous and uninhabitable,
management and homeowners abandoned the building and left it to decay. Garbage
piled up in the courtyard of the building up to five stories high. The process of
gentrification resulted in the renovation of old building.

Source: Ponte Tower, Johannesburg: Inside the world’s scariest skyscraper | Photos |
news.com.au — Australia’s leading news site
1.15.1 Define the concept urban blight (1 x 2) (2)
1.15.2 Give another name for urban blight. (1 x 1) (1)
1.15.3 Give evidence from the photograph indicating that urban blight (2 x 1) (2)
has taken place.
1.15.4 According to the extract why managers and home owners left (1 x 2) (2)
the building to decay?
1.15.5 Why is urban blight more dominant in the transition zone than (2 x 2) (4)
in other land-use zones?
1.15.6 Explain what will be the positive impact of gentrification on (2 x 2) (4)
urban blight
[15]

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1.16 Study the graph showing the various sustainable road transportation challenges in
Bloemfontein.

Source: [email protected]; [email protected])

1.16.1 Identify from the graph TWO highest challenges experienced (2 x 1) (2)
by Bloemfontein
1.16.2 Other than “others” identify the least challenge in (1 x 1) (1)
Bloemfontein as a result of road transportation.
1.16.3 How does traffic congestion differ from traffic jam? (2 x 2) (4)
1.16.4 Explain why the Central Business District (CBD) is more likely (2 x 2) (4)
to experience traffic congestion.
1.16.5 Suggest any TWO possible strategies that municipality can (2 x 2) (4)
implement to reduce traffic congestion in urban areas.
[15]

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1.17 Refer f rom
to the infographic St anmorephysics.
depicting com
the informal settlements.
Government reports suggest that between 2022 and 2021 informal settlements in
South Africa increased from 300 to 2 180.Poverty levels in informal settlements are
evident in tiny spaces, overcrowding and overlapping structures-conditions that
create a conducive environment for the rapid increase of diseases.
The human settlement sector set as target of providing housing with basic services
to 400 000 informal settlements households by 2018.According to government
reports and statements, the targets have not been met.

[adapted from https://www.smartcitiesdive.com]

1.17.1 Identify ONE characteristics of the informal settlements visible (1 x 1) (1)

in the photograph.
1.17.2 State TWO conditions from the extract which create (2 x 1) (2)
conducive (leading) to rapid increase of diseases.
1.17.3 Explain why informal settlements are vulnerable to fires. (2 x 2) (4)
1.17.4 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT LINES explain why
government has failed to assist communities living in informal (4 x 2) (8)
settlements and provide strategies government could have
implemented to reduce the spread of these informal
settlements.
[15]

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1.18 Refer to the map of South Africa and answer questions that follow.

.5 Refer to the infographic on informal settlements :

[Adapted from www.researchgate.net ]

1.18.1 Which province has a highest number of selected informal (1 x 1) (1)
settlements according to the map?
1.18.2 State any TWO basic needs that communities in informal (2 x 1) (2)
settlements have no access to in South Africa.
1.18.3 Provide any TWO economic reasons which have compelled (2 x 2) (4)
people to rent shacks
1.18.4 State and describe one environmental factor that developed (2 x 2) (4)
due to the growth of the informal settlements
1.18.5 Provide TWO social disadvantages of living in shacks. (2 x 2) (4)
[15]

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2.1 Downloaded f rom
Various options are St anmorephysics.
provided as possible answerscom
to the following questions. Choose
the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (2.1.1 to 2.1.8)
in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.1.9 D.

2.1.1 The GDP is the total value of …

A goods and services produced within a country in one year.
B goods and services produced by permanent citizens in one
year.
C exports that leave a country in one year.
D exports that leave a country in one year.
2.1.2 The concept … is used to refer to products sold within South Africa.
A export market
B import market
C home market
D international market
2.1.3 Food security occurs when …
A there is a lack of food that gives rise to starvation.
B there is access to sufficient nutritious food.
C farmers experience drought and crop diseases.
D farmers produce sufficient food.
2.1.4 … is a physical factor that affects food security in South Africa.
A Research
B Trade
C HIV/Aids
D Rainfall
2.1.5 TWO types of industries associated with bulk transport:
(i) Ubiquitous
(ii) Heavy
(iii) Light
(iv) Raw-material orientated

A (i) and (iii)

B (ii) and (iv)
C (ii) and (iii)
D (i) and (iv)

60
2.1.6Downloaded f rom Stgenerally
TWO types of industries anmorephysics. com
associated with lower levels of air pollution:
(i) Ubiquitous
(ii) Heavy
(iii) Light
(iv) Raw-material orientated

A (i) and (iii)

B (ii) and (iv)
C (ii) and (iii)
D (i) and (iv
2.1.7 … is an example of a tertiary activity.
A Mining
B Motor vehicle assembly
C Transport
D Information technology
2.1.8 … refers to the difference in value between imports and exports.
A Trade agreement
B Balance of trade
C Local trade
D International trade
(8 x 1) (8)

61
2.2 Downloaded f rom St
Refer to the information anmorephysics.
below com
and answer the following questions.

GDP growth 2022 Exports and Imports of goods and

Economic Activity Contribution Growth services
in million in %
Exports of goods and services
rands
increased by 4,1%, largely
Agriculture, forestry and fishing 133 843 0.9 influenced by increased trade in
Mining 202 605 -7.1 base metals and articles of base
metals; vegetable products;
Manufacturing 524 771 -0.4
prepared foodstuffs, beverages
Electricity, gas and water 100 745 -2.5 and tobacco; and machinery and
Construction 108 906 -3.4 electrical equipment.
Trade, catering, and accommodation 541 821 3.5
Imports of goods and services
Transport, storage and 364 246 8.3 increased by 4,4%, largely
communication influenced by increased trade in
machinery and equipment;
Finance, real estate and business 1 087 014 3.4
chemical products; vehicles and
General government services 371 730 0.1 transport equipment; and
Personal services 724 014 2.6 prepared foodstuffs, beverages
and tobacco. (Stats SA, 2023)

Source: https://www.statista.com/statistics/report-content/statistic/1290209

2.2.1 In which economic sector does mining belong to? (1 x 1) (1)

2.2.2 Which sector contributed the least to GDP and how much did it (2 x 1) (2)
contribute?
2.2.3 Explain why the sector identified in your answer to QUESTION 2.2.2 (2 x 2) (4)
contributed the least to the GDP.
2.2.4 Explain why tertiary sector contributed the most to the GDP? (2 x 2) (4)
2.2.5 The information above indicates that the imports had a higher
increase than exports. Why is this not good for the economy? (2 x 2) (4)
[15]

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2.3 Study the extract below and the following questions.

SA beef exports did not collapse despite foot-and-mouth disease threat – Agbiz

Despite the foot-and-mouth disease livestock challenge, South African beef exports did not
collapse, the Agricultural Business Chamber (Agbiz) said yesterday. Agbiz's chief
economist, Wandile Sihlobo, said some markets remained open, although with strict
controls.South Africa's beef exports for last year amounted to 28 422 tons (down 12% from
2021), according to data from Trade Map.

"This is only mildly below the ten-year average. Fresh beef accounted for 54% of overall
exports, while the balance was frozen beef. Within this total figure, a significant decline was
recorded in frozen beef exports, which were 12 945 tons in 2022, down 24% year-on-year.
Meanwhile, fresh beef exports increased by 2% year-on-year to 15 477 tons," Sihlobo said.
Agbiz said, "One of the significant challenges was the rise in feed prices since 2020,
especially for maize and soybeans. The rise in animal feed prices coincided with a worsening
financial strain on consumers due to the Covid-19 pandemic's damaging effects. Thus, we
saw a decline in the demand for red meat products as consumers opted for relatively cheaper
forms of protein.

“Moreover, the spread of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) to six of South Africa's nine
provinces for the first time in history was another challenge for the industry. This brought
temporary bans in specific export markets, extending to auctions and livestock movement,
mainly cattle, for some time in 2022."

https://www.iol.co.za/business-report/economy/sa-beef-exports-did-not-collapse-despite-
foot-and-mouth-disease-threat-agbiz-71e7eb0f-978a-404c-a99d-c25d6bb4f74a

2.3.1 According to the article, what quantity of beef was exported by South
Africa in 2022? (1 x 1) (1)
2.3.2 Name any TWO provinces that produces beef in South Africa. (2 x 1) (2)
2.3.3 Discuss why exportation of beef is significant for the country’s
economy. (1 x 2) (2)
2.3.4 How does access to international market favours beef production in
South Africa. (2 x 2) (4)
2.3.5 Discuss how can high cost of animal feed and, foot and mouth
disease limit (hinder) production of beef in South Africa. (3 x 2) (6)
[15]

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2.4 Study the extract below and answer the following questions

https://www.dalrrd.gov.za/images/Branches/Economica%20Development%20Trade%20and%20Marketing/intern
ational-trade-and-promotions/trade-performance-updates

2.4.1 What type of agricultural product dominates the agricultural market in

South Africa? (1 x 1) (1)
2.4.2 According to the statistics above, what percentage was contributed by
cattle farming to agriculture? (1 x 1) (1)
2.4.3 In which provinces is beef production dominant? (2 x 1) (2)
2.4.4 Mention TWO ways in which cattle farming contributes to South African (2 x 2) (4)
Economy.
2.4.5 Discuss TWO physical factors that favour beef production in South
Africa. (2 x 2) (4)
2.4.6 Why is foot and mouth disease considered a threat to beef production
in South Africa. (2 x 2) (4)
[15]

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2.5 Downloaded f rom St
Refer to the infographic onanmorephysics. com
coal mined in South Africa.
Coal mined

The Komati Power Station and its nine generating units belching steam and
smoke into the sky. The Komati’s soul remaining working unit is facing closure
within 2 years under plans by state power utility Eskom Holdings SOC to shut
about a quarter of its coal-fired capacity by 2030. Next door at the Goedehoop
mine, arrays of solar panels line the main access road, a sign of what may be to
come for South Africa’s coal belt.

For decades, almost all the electricity needed to power Africa’s most industrialised
economy has been produced by a fleet of aging coal-fired plants constructed
alongside the mines to the east of Johannesburg. That’s made the province of
Mpumalanga, in which Komati is located, one of the most coal dependent and
polluted region on Earth.
Decommissioning those plants is essential if President Cyril Ramaphosa is to
meet a commitment to reach net-zero carbon dioxide emission by 2050, and yet
the closures also put tens of thousands of jobs at risk.
[source:http://www.mingforschool.co.za/lets-explore/coal/douth-african coal-mining-today]

65
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2.5.1 f rom
In which province St anmorephysics.
is Komati com
Power Station located? (1 x 1) (1)
2.5.2 Name the power utility that produces electricity in South (1 x 1) (1)
Africa.
2.5.3 Quote evidence from the extract that suggest that coal mining
may be replaced by alternative source of energy. (1 x 1) (1)
2.5.4 Explain one factor that may lead to the closure of coal mining (1 x 2) (2)
in this province.
2.5.5 Discuss the positive socio-economic impact of coal mining in (2 x 2) (4)
South Africa.
2.5.6 Evaluate the negative impact that the net-zero carbon dioxide
emission by 2050 would have on South Africa’s economy. (3 x 2) (6)
[15]

2.6 Refer to the extract on coal mining in South Africa

COAL MINING IN SOUTH AFRICA

Coal mining in South Africa plays a significant role in the country's economy,
as it is responsible for nearly three quarters of Eskom's fuel supply. It also
supplies coal to
SASOL, who produces around 35% of the country's liquid fuel.
Coal mining in South Africa is centred on the Highveld, with roughly 60% of
the Country’s deposits located in eMalahleni (Witbank) and surrounding
areas.

[Source:
http://www.projectsiq.co.za/coal-mining-in-south-africa.htm]

2.6.1 Name the province in which South Africa’s most coal (1 x 1) (1)
fields are found.
2.6.2 Mention TWO major industries that need a supply of coal (2 x 1) (2)
as their raw material.
2.6.3 Discuss the negative environmental impact caused by (2 x 2) (4)
coal mining in South Africa.
2.6.4 In a paragraph approximately EIGHT lines discuss how (4 x 2) (8)
coal dependent companies could manage the negative
environmental impact caused by the use of coal in South
Africa.
[15]

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2.7 Refer to the graph below on coal production in South Africa.

South Africa’s formerly thriving coal sector has had noticeable decline in investments
over recent years with statistics from Mineral Council of South Africa reporting a R2 billion
drop from 2010. As the future of the South African coal industry remains bleak and
disinvestment from coal mining continues around the world, some of South African’s giant
coal mining companies have sold or are in the process of selling their operations.

Challenges facing the coal industry include an altered customer based for the country’s
exports ad developed countries are moving towards renewable energy sources. There is
a hostile funding environment for coal projects as financial institutions nationally and
internationally are no longer investing in coal projects due to pressure from environmental
lobbying – a challenge too for newer coal mining companies with less financial muscles
compared to major coal mining companies. Mpumalanga, a major coal supplier in South
Africa, experiences high transport costs. The decrease in the mining of coal has created
a further challenge for the coal mines in Mpumalanga.

[source:http://www.mingforschool.co.za/lets-explore/coal/douth-african coal-mining-today]

2.7.1 According to the Mineral Council of South Africa, how much did the
investments in coal drop from 2010? (1 x 1) (1)
2.7.2 Describe the trend of coal production as shown in the graph between
2016 and 2018. (1 x 2) (2)
2.7.3 Explain one factor that limit the export-market of coal in Mpumalanga (1 x 2) (2)
2.7.4 Despite Mpumalanga having rich coal reserves, the coal industry faces
a bleak future. Quote reasons from the extract for this future. (2 x 2) (4)
2.7.5 Explain how the decrease in the mining of coal will have a negative
economic impact in Mpumalanga. (3 x 2) (6)
[15]

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2.8 Study the extract below and the following questions.

B
A

[Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermelo,_Mpumalanga]

2.8.1 Name the core industrial regions A, B, C and D shown on the map. (4 x 1) (4)
2.8.2 State the main industrial activity found at A and D (2 x 1) (2)
2.8.3 A social factor that favoured the development of industrial region (1 x 1) (1)
labelled D is (flat land/dense population).
2.8.4 The activities concerned with changing the primary product into a (1 x 1) (1)
value-added one, are called… activities.
[08]

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2.9 Study the extract below and answer the following questions.

MANUFACTURING IN SOUTH AFRICA

South Africa has developed an established, diversified manufacturing

base that has shown its resilience (staying power) and potential to
compete in the global economy. The manufacturing sector provides a
locus for stimulating the growth of other activities, such as services,
and achieving specific outcomes, such as employment creation
and economic empowerment. This platform of manufacturing presents
an opportunity to significantly accelerate the country’s growth
and development.
Source: www.brandsouthafrica.com

2.9.1 Define the term manufacturing. (1 x 2) (2)

2.9.2 Name the economic sector that manufacturing falls under. (1 x 1) (1)
2.9.3 Give ONE specific outcome that the manufacturing sector can (1)
achieve according to the extract. (1 x 1)
2.9.4 Explain the economic importance of the manufacturing sector to South
Africa if it can compete in the global economy. (2 x 2) (4)
2.9.5 Manufacturing presents an opportunity to significantly accelerate the
country’s growth and development.’ In a paragraph of EIGHT lines,
comment on how labour supply and international competition
may hinder any proposed acceleration in the manufacturing
sector. (4 x 2) (8)

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2.10 Study the extract below and answer the following questions.

South-western Cape contributes about 15% to the South African manufacturing sector output.
Although the province's agro-processing sector has shown resilience (strength) during these tough
economic times, the core industrial region's real economy is dominated by manufacturing and
commercial agriculture.
The manufacturing sector in the South-western Cape core industrial region is supported by multi-
national corporations who have chosen the region to take advantage of the economic opportunities
of the local economy as well as those in the rest of Africa. The region has attracted major investments
from various corporations.
In recognition of the importance of supporting the manufacturing sector, the South African
government has established various incentives for manufacturing investors.
[Adapted from https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/manufacturing-in-the
-western-capeintra-2017-11-07]

2.10.1 Quote evidence from the infographic which shows that the South-
Western Cape core industrial region contributes to the South African
economy. (1 x 1) (1)
2.10.2 State TWO modes of transport in the infographic that make the South-
Western Cape core industrial region attractive to foreign investors. (2 x 1) (2)
2.10.3 The South-Western Cape core industrial region is dominated by light
industries.
(a) Why does the South-Western Cape core industrial region (2 x 2) (4)
favour the development of light industries?
(b) Give TWO factors that have limited the development of heavy
industries in the South-Western Cape core industrial region. (2 x 2) (4)
2.10.4 Explain how the West Coast Spatial Development Initiative (SDI)
creates increased access for the South-Western Cape core industrial
region to international markets. (2 x 2) (4)
[15]

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2.11 Downloaded f rom
Refer to the extract St anmorephysics.
on Saldanha Bay Industrial Zonecom
and answer the following
questions

THE SALDANHA BAY MUNICIPALITY INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ZONE

The Saldanha Bay municipality has resolved to stimulate Local Economic Development and
employment opportunities within the municipal area.One option is to align South African
Industrial Development Zone Programme which is part of the national governmement’s strategy
to position the country within the global economy.The aim is to encourage international
competiveness and sustainable economic growth through strategic investments in export
manufacturing industries in the Saldanha Bay municipal area.

www.sbm.gov.za

2.11.1 In which province is the Saldanha bay Industrial Development

Zone? (1 x 1) (1)
2.11.2 Explain TWO aims of this Industrial Zone. (2 x 2) (4)
2.11.3 How will international competitiveness be achieved in Saldanha? (2 x 2) (4)
2.11.4 Discuss how industries will benefit by moving to Saldanha Bay
Industrial Zone. (3 x 2) (6)
[15]

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2.12 Downloaded
Refer to the finfographic
rom St anmorephysics.
below on Saldanha com
bay and answer
the following questions

*GDPR –Gross Domestic Product per Region.

2.12.1 Name TWO secondary activities at Saldanha Bay. (2 x 1) (2)

2.12.2 Describe the trend of the GDPR between 2020 and 2021 (1 x 1) (1)
2.12.3 Describe the role played by the primary sector in the growth of the
Saldanha Bay IDZ. (1 x 2) (2)
2.12.4 What is the advantage of having tourist towns and holiday homes
around the Saldanha Bay IDZ? (1 x 2) (2)
2.12.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, discuss how the
Saldanha Bay IDZ will affect the South-Western Cape Industrial
area. (4 x 2) (8)
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2.13 f rom
Determine whether St anmorephysics.
the following comthe characteristics of SDI or
statements represent
IDZ. E.g 2.13.9 IDZ.
2.13.1 Develop along the N7 transport corridor which ties all the
municipalities together
2.13.2 Located at the South most tip Africa
2.13.3 Promote growth in poor areas that have a potential to grow
2.13.4 Possesses a significant resource-based satisfactory infrastructure
2.13.5 Home to boundless opportunities an oil, gas and marine repair
services hub
2.13.6 Transport of freight through the district between Cape Town and
Windhoek
2.13.7 Industrial estates that support exports
2.13.8 Approximately two hours North of Cape town
(1 x 7) (7)

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2.14 Refer to the map showing the West Coast Spatial Development Initiative (SDI).

[Source:www.westcoastsdi.co.za]
2.14.1 In which province is the West Coast SDI? (1 x 1) (1)
2.14.2 Outline TWO significant resources that this spatial area possesses (2 x 1) (4)
that represent attractive opportunities to the investors.
2.14.3 Discuss TWO factors limiting the development of west Coast SDI (2 x 2) (4)
2.14.4 Write a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explaining the
economic impact of West Coast Spatial Development Initiative on the
local community. (4 x 2) (8)
[15]

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2.15 Refer to the West Coast SDI infographic and answer the following questions.

The mini-mill of Saldanha steel was identified as an anchor project for the West coast. The
Saldanha Steel plant offers possibilities for linked and related industries. In addition, the
under-exploited scope of development in agriculture, fishing industry, aquaculture, tourism
and freight transport make the siting of an SDI to be attractive.
The spatial area possesses significant resource based, satisfactory infrastructure and a
broader social and natural environment, which presents attractive opportunities to investors.
Special investor-friendly packages have been introduced, focusing on non-fiscal incentives
and institutional support to improve spaces of pulling power for new investments. The
February 1998 investor conference tables 120 potential projects within the boundaries of the
West coast region. As of June 2000, the SDI website indicated that 20 of these projects
could be considered operational, with a further 9 either approved or under construction,
leaving 77 either at the scoping of pre-feasibility stage.
Approximately 17% of projects are therefore operational, a figure which compares well to
other SDIs. These operational projects represent approximately $2billion of investment and
are estimated to create between 1944 and 4845,5 direct jobs
[Adapted from http://www.eyesonafrica.net/cntry-img/westcst imgs/west-coast-upd r12 ]

2.15.1 Define the concept Spatial Development Initiative. (1 x 2) (2)

2.15.2 According to the infographic how many direct jobs are created by the
West coast SDI. (1 x 1) (1)
2.15.3 Quote evidence from the infographic that the projects are progressing (2 x 1) (2)
fairly well.
2.15.4 Examine TWO socio-economic factors favouring the development of (2 x 2) (4)
West coast SDI
2.15.5 Explain the social impacts of West coast SDI to the local community (3 x 2) (6)

75
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2.16 f rom
Refer to the source St anmorephysics.
below com
and answer the following questions

https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/

2.16.1 Along which route is West Coast SDI situated? (1 x 1) (1)

2.16.2 Name any ONE economic activity that contributes to the growth of
the West Coast economy. (1 x 1) (1)
2.16.3 Give a reason for the growth of the economic activity named in
QUESTION 2.16.2. (1 x 1) (1)
2.16.4 Explain why energy (power/electricity) and water security are threats
to industrial growth in the West Coast SDI. (2 x 2) (4)
2.16.5 Why are well-developed transport links important to support the
growth of the West Coast SDI? (2 x 2) (4)
2.16.6 How will the West Coast SDI contribute to the economic growth of
in this area? (2 x 2) (4)

[15]

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2.17 f romonSt
Refer to infographic anmorephysics.
tertiary com
economic activities and answer the following questions.

The tertiary sector consists of all activities which not directly produced
tangible goods, but which provides services to satisfy people’s wants and
needs.

http://www.cogta.gov.za

2.17.1 How is the balance of trade calculated? (1 x 2) (2)

2.17.2 Why is the tertiary sector the largest in terms of GDP contribution? (1 x 2) (2)
2.17.3 Explain why Saldana Bay focuses on the export market. (1 x 2) (2)

2.17.4 Give TWO ways in which the development of the secondary sector will
help to improve the employment levels and the trade balance of a
region. (2 x 2) (4)

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 Downloaded f rom St anmorephysics. com
2.18 Study the cartoon below and the following questions.

Source: Mail and Guardian

2.18.1 What evidence shows that the cartoon is based on international trade (1 x 1) (1)
and not domestic trade?
2.18.2 Identify South Africa’s trading partner from the cartoon. (1 x 1) (1)
2.18.3 What evidence on the cartoon shows that South Africa is not China’s (1 x 1) (1)
only trading partner?
2.18.4 What is the significance of the caption ‘Chinese takeaway’ in the
cartoon? (1 x 2) (2)
2.18.5 How does international trade benefit from the Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) of South Africa? (1 x 2) (2)
2.18.6 Why does South Africa have a negative trade balance with China? (2 x 2) (4)
2.18.7 Explain the impact that a negative trade balance would have on the
economy of South Africa. (2 x 2) (4)

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2.19 Downloaded f rom
Refer to infographic Stand
below anmorephysics. com
answer the questions that follow.

Building SA’s informal trade sector to rebuild a nation

Natasha Smith

As a pillar of the township economy and job creation, informal trade provides unique
opportunities for partnership and collaboration with fast-moving consumer goods manufacturers
and service providers in the formal sector.
Like most emerging markets, South Africa has a large informal business sector, often referred
to as the “hidden economy.” As much as 40% of total food bought by consumers each year is
from informal traders, who service 77% of the population. Although this channel is constantly
confronted with challenges, it is a resilient one, the value of which was estimated to be R157
billion in 2019
We do not need reminding of just how much the Covid-19 pandemic has shaken up our country,
let alone our industry. The impact on the informal trade sector has been less devastating.

https://www.news24.com/citypress/business/building-sas-informal-trade-sector-to-rebuild-a-nation-20210909

2.19.1 What is an informal trader? (1 x 2) (2)

2.19.2 According to the infographic what is the percentage of the population
that is serviced by the informal sector (1 x 1) (1)
2.19.3 Elaborate on two roles played by informal sector in strengthening
the economy of South Africa (2 x 2) (4)
2.19.4 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines discuss the strategies
to lessen (reduce) the challenges facing the informal sector. (4 x 2) (8)
[15]

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