substitution mechanism

= Ecophilic
is electro file
Attacking Reagent
-

Halogenation
-

anhyd
Loya
/

H
He
- 4 +

Chlorobenzene
Benzene

Mechanism
-
:

Step1 : Generation
- of electrophile
in
presence of Lewis acid anhyd .
All

or Fells or febs
⑦
⑦

11 -d
- All- +
C + Alc
anhyd. chloronium ion

⑰
6) sulphonation

Fog +
dem
-

H2SO4 + SOS
>
-

TopsogH
couc

So, act as electrophile

substitution :
Nucleophilis
-

Attacking reagent
is neclesphite
halide Alcohol
Alkyl -

KOH- C-C
+ T

I-CH-C
 Directive
-
influence of groves on

.
polysubstitution
als che
- anhyd
Loya (5)
L
+

Alls
Es
f

Toluene o-chlosstoluene P-chlorduluer

(minors Imajor
-
CH3 activates the penzene
sing by -

drecting
.
a is -0
-p
hy exconjugation
,

bonded to benzene
atoms
Group of
sing
---
Greeting
&
-

P
directing
- 0 - m -
C
. -

- I

Moderately deactivating
-

-activaling
strongly
-

-
O
O O
M
11 Il
-
-

0 -H2 onOR
Il
-

,
-

NR2 1
-

DA
-
C -
H
,
-
1
- C - OH , -C-X
,

D
O
II

activating
Moderately
II
-
C - OR
,
- C -
NH2

- trongly activating
S-
# ①
HRg NOL
NH,
- -

1 , ,

CHs , -CH2CHy R CN -CFz - Cols

-
-
, -

, ,

weakly
F
:
F
deactivating
C: B -T
- .. -
F
"

:
,
- - -
, , --
 >
- E, reaction depends on
stability
.
carbocation
of
2 carbocation > i carbocation
3 carbocation
Stability)
towards
3 Rox > 2R-X > iR-X ( Reactivity
Ei
elimination
>
-

Sayzeff Rule : During alkener

reaction more
substituted
,

formed as major
are
preffered I are

product .

mechanism can take place even

=> E,
weak base
presence of
.

in the
 Mechanism
-
: It follows free Radical
.
mechanism

Na - Na + e

2 CH3-Etania - zirs + 2 Nack

ils + CH- CH-Cs

CHSM2C + <Na + McC ether

CHICHCH +

2Nad
halides .
if different alkyl
are used

dry CH3-C +
CH5 -C
3
2Na >
- 13 wol
-

+
CH-U + ether
A

t
Imole CH3-GH 5
mole
Imole
[c
HS --
EH5 +

Is more 2 Nau