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Practical
Research 1
Quarter 3: Module 1-4

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
N a t i o n a l C a pi t a l Re g i o n
Sc h o o l s D i v i s i o n O f f i c e o f La s Pi ñ a s C i t y

DEVELOPMENT TEAM OF THE MODULE

WRITERS: MARIA SHEILA M. PELIGRINO, Master Teacher I

TERESITA K. DELA CRUZ, Teacher III
MARY ANN C. FAJARDO, Teacher III
SYLVIA L. LASALA, Teacher III
EFREN M. LEYSAN JR., Teacher III
MICHELLE ANN V. VILLACORTA, Teacher III
MA. CRISTINA V. DINGAL, Teacher II
JOSELITO P. GRANDE JR., Teacher II
LEILANIE A. BRIZA, Teacher I
ABEGAIL L. CAPANGPANGAN, Teacher I
JOVILYN G. ENOLPE, Teacher I
ALFIN V. TURINGAN, Teacher I
JAMESON T. VILLA, Teacher I

CONSOLIDATOR: JOVILYN G. ENOLPE, Teacher I

LANGUAGE EDITOR: MARISOL D. CABALZA, Teacher III

CONTENT JULIE ANDREA P. AÑANO, Master Teacher I

VALIDATORS: JUDY MAE G. PANTOLLA, Master Teacher I
AYRA PATRICIA S. ALVERO, Teacher III
EMERINA CLARISSE R. BERNANTE, Teacher I

COVER PAGE AIRA MARI CON M. AUSTERO

ILLUSTRATOR:

TEAM LEADER: DR. RAQUEL M. AUSTERO

Education Program Supervisor

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 Module 1 Nature of Inquiry and Research

Most Essential Learning Competencies

• shares research experiences and knowledge (CS_RS11-IIIa-1)
• explains the importance of research in daily life (CS_RS11-IIIa-2)
• describes characteristics, processes, and ethics of research (CS_RS11-IIIa-3)
• differentiates quantitative from qualitative research (CS_RS11-IIIa-4)
• provide examples of research in areas of interest (CS_RS11-IIIa-5)

What’s In

Research is defined as the scientific investigation of phenomena which includes

collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts that lines an individual‘s
speculation with reality.

Importance of Research in Daily Life:

1.Gather Relevant Information
-The result of researches are used as a springboard in planning.

2.Improve Quality of Life

-Researches makes our lives convenient and comfortable.

3.Understand History
-Understand history can helps us better understand current society and the behavior
of the people.

4. Attain Personal and Professional Development

- Research challenges us to become better individuals through the new ideas,
perspectives and skills that we can get when doing research.

Characteristics of Research
1. Empirical. Research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher.

2. Logical. Research is based on valid procedures and principles.

3. Cyclical. Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends
with a problem.

4. Analytical. Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data,

whether historical, descriptive, and experimental and case study.

5. Critical. Research exhibits careful and precise judgment.

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6. Methodical. Research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using
systematic method and procedures.

7. Replicability. The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to

enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results

Research Processes:
1. Select a general problem.

2. Review the literature of the problem.

3. Select a specific research problem, question, or hypothesis.

4. Collect data.

5. Analyze and present or display data.

6. Interpret the findings and state conclusions or generalizations regarding the

problem.

Ethics in Research
Ethics generally is considered to deal with beliefs about what is right or wrong, proper
or improper, good or bad. According to a dictionary definition (Webster‘s 1968), to be
ethical is to conform to accepted professional practice.

Ethical considerations in conducting research

1. Objectivity and integrity

2. Respect of the research subjects‘ right to privacy and dignity and protection of
subjects from personal harm

3. Presentation of research findings

4. Misuse of research role

5. Acknowledgement of research collaboration and assistance

6. Distortions of findings by sponsor

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Unethical practices in conducting research
1. Deceiving a respondent about the true purpose of a study

2. Asking a respondent questions that cause him or her extreme embarrassment; guilt
emotional turmoil by remaining him or her of an unpleasant experience

3. Invading the privacy of a respondent

4. Studying the respondents or research subjects without their knowledge

5. When analyzing the data—revealing only part of the facts, presenting facts out of
context, falsifying findings or offering misleading presentation such as lying with
statistics

Quantitative and Qualitative Research:

Quantitative research is a type of educational research in which the researcher

decides what to study; asks specific, narrow questions; collects quantifiable data from
participants; analyzes these numbers using statistics; and conducts the inquiry in an
unbiased, objective manner.

Qualitative research is a type of educational research in which the researcher relies

on the views of participants; asks broad, general questions; collects data consisting
largely words (text) from participants; describes and analyzes these words for themes;
and conducts the inquiry in a subjective, biased manner.

Qualitative Research Quantitative Research

Objectives • In-depth understanding of • Quantification of data
underlying reasons and • Measurement of
motivations. incidence, etc.
•
Data • Non-statistical • Statistical
Analysis • Contextual
• Thematic

Outcomes • Non conclusivenongeneralize • Broad based insights

• Population based
understanding

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Examples of Research in Areas of Interest:
1.Humanities- focus on study of human culture.

Ex.: Ancient and modern languages, philosophy, literature, religion, and theology and
visual, visual and performing arts, communication studies, cultural studies, linguistics
and law.

2.Sports – involves a range topics related to Physical Education.

Ex.: Children’s lifestyle and health habits, Psychological and physiological aspects of
sports performance, Childhood obesity, Curricular issues in teacher education in P.E

3. Sciences – it is done in the pursuit of new knowledge or may be testing an existing

theory.

4. Business- involves acquiring information and knowledge for professional or

commercial purposes such as determining opportunities and goals for a business.

5. Agriculture and Fisheries – monitors and evaluates the latest trends in relation to
agriculture and fisheries.

Ex.: food processing, plant disease, chicken farming, pig farming, seaweeds farming

6. Information and Communication – IT, faster communication, social media, on line

services, e-commerce

What’s More

Directions: Arrange the steps in doing research. Use numbers 1-7 to arrange the
steps.
________ Design Research

________ Review the Literature

________ Collecting Data

________ Formulating Hypothesis

________ Interpret and Report

________ Defining Research Problem

________ Analyzing Data

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 What I Have Learned

Directions: Complete the graphic organizer. Draw or Cut and Paste a picture of
the examples of the quantitative and qualitative type of research

• _____
• _____

Quantitative
• _____
• _____
• ______
• ______

• _____
• _____

Qualitative
• _____
• _____
• ______
• ______
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 What I Can Do

Choose five topics and decide where these topics fall on the different areas of
interests.
• Apolinario Mabini: the sublime paralytic
• Dengue prevention practices of the different places in Metro Manila
• Effects of types of music on the behavior of the children
• Techniques in sustainable rice production
• The Presidents of the Philippines
• Value of a good speaking
• Burial practices of the early Filipinos
• The moon’s effects on ocean tides

Topics Areas of Interests

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

References:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KsLlzy_fK6E&t=885s-
https://prezi.com/gtuain4tzc4g/practical-research-1/
Practical Research 1 Teachers Guide – Department of Education

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 Module 2 Basic Concepts and Nature of Qualitative Research

Most Essential Learning Competencies

• Describes characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of qualitative research
(CS_RS11-IIIb-1)
• Illustrate the importance of qualitative research across fields (CS_RS11-IIIb-1)

What’s In

Qualitative research is not concerned with numerical representativity, but with the
deepening of understanding a given problem. In qualitative research, the researcher is
both the subject and the object of his research. The objective of the qualitative
methodology is to produce in-depth and illustrative information in order to understand
the various dimensions of the problem under analysis. Qualitative research has its
limitation and strength. The table shows the advantages and disadvantages of a
qualitative research.

Method Strengths Weaknesses

Observation - Collect data simultaneously - Very time consuming - Dependent
with the event occurrence on the observer's impartiality
- Unobtrusive way, which is not - Requires significant preparation
dependent on upon someone's - Difficult to collect data in real time
response - Flexible and oriented
to knowledge discovery
Ethnography Based on observation and - Very time consuming
interviews with the direct - Difficult to get concise and precise
involved authors conclusions
Provide in-depth findings - Researcher needs to have a deep
Suitable to explore new lines of knowledge of the problem domain
research
Field - Adequate to get very - Difficult to generalize and get data
research detailed data - Emphasizes from a very large number of people or
the role and relevance of groups
social context
- Dependent on the observer's
impartiality
- Documenting observations may
become a challenging process

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Focus - Adequate to get detailed - Hard to control and manage -
groups information about personal and Difficult to get the participation of
group people
- Offer opportunity to seek - Can be no representative of all
clarification - Lower costs and population
time when compared to
individual interviews
Case - Provide detailed information - Difficult to establish cause-effect
studies about individuals connections
- Offer a good opportunity for - Hard to generalize from a small
innovation and change current number of case studies
theoretical assumptions - Ethical issues, especially of
- Can be a good alternative or confidentiality, may appear
complement to focus groups - Difficult to create a case study that
suits all subjects

Structured - Well-structured and easy to - Very rigid

interviews compare respondent's answers - - Low flexibility in the response's
Can reach a large sample choice
- Easy to replicate - Difficult to obtain detailed data
- Conducting an interview is - Preparing an interview can become
time consuming
fairly quick to conduct

In-depth - Adjusted to get detailed and - Time consuming and relatively high
interviews insightful information on a given costly
domain - Longer verification process to extract
- Need only fewer participants compared information
to provide useful and relevant - Participants should be carefully
insights - Can be performed in chosen to avoid bias - Not
informal environments generalizable

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 Social Science Research writing often fits into one of two categories: qualitative or
quantitative. Qualitative research focuses on human behavior from the participant’s
point of view. There are six types of qualitative research widely used in business,
education and government organizational model.

1. Phenomenological Utilizes interviews, observation and surveys

Model Concerned with how participants feel about during an
event
2. Ethnographic Model Immerses the researcher as a subject for extended period
of time.
The goal is to learn and describe the culture’s
characteristics
3. Grounded Theory Looks at large subject numbers.
Method It tries to explain why the course of action evolved the way
it did.
4. Case Study Model Provides an in-depth look at one test subject
Data is collected from various sources and compiled using
the details to create a bigger conclusion
5. Historical Model Describe past events in order to understand present
patterns and anticipate future choices. Answers questions
based on hypothetical idea and uses resources to test any
potential deviations.
6. Narrative Model Occurs over extended period of time and compiles
information as it happens.

Research studies happen in any field of knowledge: Anthropology, Business,

Communication, Education, Engineering, Law and Nursing among others, turn in a big
number of researches that reflect varied interest of people. What do you think is the
importance of qualitative research to the different fields?
QUALITATIVE Ethnographic studies of learning and knowledge in education as
RESEARCH IN the question what counts as knowledge and learning in
EDUCATION classrooms to teachers and students

QUALITATIVE Focus group are used to probe deeper research results in order
RESEARCH IN to describe current practices in Technical Communication which
TECHNICAL can take the forms of E-mail, Fax messaging, video and audio
COMMUNICATION conferencing, intranet and extranet, jargons and graphics

QUALITATIVE Psychology has been strongly shaped by the behavioral and

RESEARCH IN cognitive traditions, within which psychology should seek to
PSYCHOLOGY understand and determine an observable, objective
psychological reality

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QUALITATIVE Great advertising comes along from an understanding of
RESEARCH IN consumer’s wants and needs, the consumer needs to be
ADVERTISING consulted and integrated at virtually every step of the research
process. Through qualitative approach, researchers begin with
inductive analysis and then, often swing back and forth between
inductive and deductive analyses. Any approach that allows the
researcher to capture the worlds of others can be valid qualitative
technique. These includes observation, in-depth interviewing,
documents and record analysis.

QUALITATIVE Qualitative research in social work has 4 categories of analysis

RESEARCH IN of data and narrative; KNOWLEDGE- direct remembering and
SOCIAL WORK reliving, with complete details of event.
AWARENESS OF MENTAL PROCESS- awareness of emotion
and cognitive processes.
AWARENESS OF IDENTITY- awareness of values and
construction of personal characteristics of each partner and
couple as a unit.
ALIENATION- characterized by a refusal to observe, reflect of
remember.
Qualitative research in Social work esp. calls for the
following:
- Immersions in the situation of everyday life- typically normal
ones, reflective of the everyday life of individuals, groups,
societies and organization.
-Holism- pursued through inquiry into the particular- from the
whole of the culture to the context under study.
- the researcher attempts to capture data on the perceptions of
local actors “from the inside’’
- the whole particular are held tension. Small facts speak to large
issues and in particular located in general themes.
-The researcher is the main instrument in the study, rather than
standardized data collection device.
-Most analysis is done in words

QUALITATIVE They created devices such as matching people, animals, cars,

RESEARCH IN pictorial symbols and soliciting dreams. They accumulated case
MARKETING studies, personal histories and ethnographies, and conducted
group interviews even before they were called focus group.

QUALITATIVE Businesses all over the world used other method like participant
RESEARCH IN observation, content analysis, focus group, narrative interviews
INTERNATIONAL and hidden methods such as archival research
BUSINESS

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 What’s More

Activity 1: Benefits of Qualitative Research

Directions: Match the importance of qualitative research in the specific field in column
B. Write the letter of the correct answer on the answer sheet.
A B
___1. It determines the effectivity of technology in A. Education
the workplace to ensure smooth flow of practices.
communication B. Technical

___2. Improves the ethnographic practices, learning C. Psychology

of the students and teaching styles.
D. Advertising
___3. Identifies the ideas and approaches on
behavioral and cognitive aspects of humans. E. Social Work

___4. It uncovers complex consumer insights that F. Marketing

lead to success. Results leads to understanding of
Business consumers ’needs and wants. G. Research

___5. Provides knowledge focus of awareness and H. International

alienation.
I. Health
___6. Uses the research methods in the economic
integration and offered opportunities to people.

___7. Uses the grounded theory approach.

Activity 2. MIND CHALLENGE!

Directions. Write your concise description about the following:
1. Qualitative research?

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___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

2. Characteristics of qualitative research?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

3. Strengths of qualitative research.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

4. Weaknesses of qualitative research.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Activity 3: Name Me!

Directions: Identify the kinds of qualitative research being described. Write your
answer on the blank.

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_____________________ 1. It tries to explain why the course of action evolved the
way it did. Looks at large subject numbers.

_____________________ 2. Utilizes interviews, observation and surveys

Concerned with how participants feel about during an event.

_____________________ 3. Immerses the researcher as a subject for extended

period of time. The goal is to learn and describe the culture’s characteristics.

_____________________ 4. It occurs over extended period of time and compiles

information as it happens.

_____________________ 5. Describe past events in order to understand present

patterns and anticipate future choices. Answers questions based on hypothetical idea
and uses resources to test any potential deviations.

_____________________ 6. Provides an in-depth look at one test subject. Data is

collected from various sources and compiled using the details to create a bigger
conclusion.

What I Have Learned

Qualitative research is ______________and proven to be _____________by experts

in most disciplines. It can shed the best light on certain _______________and offer
the ________answers to research inquiries across field or disciplines.

What I Can Do

You have already learned about the characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and
kinds of qualitative research. The overarching aims to study things in their natural
setting to make sense of a phenomenon in terms of meanings people bring to them.

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It doesn't involve any form of intervention or a method to manipulate the studied
environment. Study things in natural settings and interpret phenomena in terms of the
meanings people bring to them connected to the current situation in your area, and
express each data and its relevance in our country.

Module 3 Research Related to Daily Life

Most Essential Learning Competencies

• Designs a research project related to daily life (CS_RS11-IIIce-1)
• Writes a research title (CS_RS11-IIIce-2)
• Provides the justifications/reasons for conducting the research
(CS_RS11-IIIce-3)

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 What’s In

In this module, you will learn how to prepare your own research project, which
will take you through the many stages of the research process that may be useful in
your everyday life and may finally result in positive community progress.

What do you think are the

different fields and professions
conducting research and
improvements? How do you
believe individuals in these fields
do research?

Every field of expertise

conducts research investigations.
Anthropology, industry,
communication, education,
engineering, law, and nursing are
just a few of the fields that have
been transformed into an array of
academic research that reflect
people's diverse interests.

https://www.fcebenefits.com/Quote

The goal of qualitative research is to investigate specific situations in temporal

and geographical depth. It begins with the respondents' perspectives, expressions,
and behaviors in their local setting. In this scenario, qualitative research is vital in a
variety of sectors since it turns it into research programs while maintaining the
required adjustments toward its goals and duties.

HOW TO DESIGN A RESEARCH THAT IS USEFUL IN DAILY LIFE?

The design stage is where the methodological technique is planned and developed.
The following are the steps in research design:

Step 1: Choose a topic. Step 4: Consider the data sources.

The subjects from which you The researcher should explicitly
might develop a research study must describe the numerous sources of data
be beneficial in everyday life. or information. Interviews, surveys,
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and observations are examples of
primary data sources that the
researcher collects and processes
directly. Secondary data sources
 Step 2: Identify the goals and
objectives of the research or study.
The researcher's purpose
should be perfectly clear in his or
her thoughts, since this will lead to
clarity in the design and good
response from the respondents.

Step 5: Use technique of data

Step 3: Describe a specific setting. collection.

It briefly outlines the location Some specific procedures,

of the research. such as interviews, questionnaires
and surveys, observations,
documents and records, and so on,
are required for the gathering of
required information.

The process of setting S.M.A.R.T. goals for research is valuable. Consider the
acronym and its description.

S-pecific - The goals are plain and defined, rather than vague, ambiguous, or generic.
Specific objectives offer specific details on the actions linked with the aim. These
priorities indicate who will accomplish as to answer: what, when, and how.
M-easurable - Clear objectives provide a concrete measure of performance, allowing
progress to be easily tracked and determining when success has been reached.
A-chievable - Achievable goals are within the management and staff's abilities,
responsibilities, and financial resources. Every effort should be made to obtain a
greater degree of efficiency.
R-elevant - A relevant goal is appropriate for both the individual seeking to accomplish
it and is related to the ultimate aims and objectives.
T-imely - The objective should not be open-ended, but rather specified for a certain
time period. The exact date on which the goal is to be met should be calculated as
precisely as possible. When a target has a deadline, it provides a quantifiable point
and accelerates progress toward critical goals.

FINDING A GOOD RESEARCH TOPIC

When finding the right research paper topic, the following may be consider:

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 1. To write your title, you must start with a topic.
There is no such thing as a single excellent topic. It is simpler to write down
three, or even five, themes of your choice rather than one single topic. You will
quickly understand that there is wisdom in this practice.

2. Identify problem situations.

Sources for a research subject or themes may be issues at home that you are
concerned with like relationships, money issues, unemployment, dishonesty, and
other issues are examples. At school, students protest about poor grades, teachers'
instructional approaches, inadequate allowances, school facilities and equipment,
and a variety of other issues therewith. You can go to a bigger town and investigate
issues like as politics, commodity pricing, and other concerns. Without a doubt, if
given the chance, you would assist in any manner you could to alleviate people's
concerns.

3. Consider your passion or interest.

Your interest in a topic may be fueled by your extensive understanding of it as
well as your unfamiliarity with it. Your genuine interest in a subject motivates you to
explore, examine, or question about it with zeal, passion, and energy.

4. Make sure you have enough resources for your topic.

This entails locating a topic that has been addressed not only on websites or
blogs, but also in books, essays, and even encyclopedia references. Choose a topic
that is both engaging and has a large amount of published content.

5. Pick a topic that is timely and relevant.

The study is relevant if it produces outcomes that aid in societal betterment.
Whether it is relevant to the present, it is pertinent.

6. Check references from the library.

Check the availability of reading resources on your selected topic at your local
library. Do not be afraid to seek assistance from your library.

7. Be ready with your personal resources.

Evaluate your research abilities in terms of your financial situation, health,
mental capacity, required facilities, and time allocation to conduct your study.

8. Master the skill of finding the right research topic.

Unfortunately, not all of your interests will be simple to write about. It gets much
more challenging if there is insufficient study information available on the topic you
have picked. When deciding on research paper themes, start with a general concept
and then narrow it down.
Source: Practical-Research-1-Q1-M8.pdf , Designing a Research Project Related to Life by Pinky Farah B. Borjal, DepEd Region V, 2020.

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Research topics to be avoided:
1. Controversial Topics - topics that depend greatly on the writer’s opinion. Facts
cannot support topics like these. Example: The Extent of Filipinos’ Faith in God
2. Highly Technical Topics for a beginner - researching on topics that require an
advanced study, technical knowledge, and vast experience is a difficult task. Example:
Spaceship Building
3. Hard-to-Investigate Topics - subject is hard to investigate if there are no available
reading materials about it and if such materials are not up-to-date. Example: Labor
Unions before the Coming of Christ
4. Broad Topics - too broad that will prevent you from giving an in-depth analysis of the
subject matter of the paper. The solution to this is to narrow or limit the topic to a smaller
one. Example: Lack of Self-Confidence (Broad) Better Topic: Lack of Self-Confidence
in Adolescents: Root Causes, Manifestations and Intervention (Narrowed)
5. Too Narrow Topics - subjects are too limited or specific that an extensive or thorough
searching or reading for information about these is necessary. Example: The Definition
of Research
6. Vague Topics - choosing will prevent you from having a clear focus on your paper.
Titles beginning with indefinite adjectives such as several, many, some, etc., are vague
enough to decrease the readers’ interests and curiosity. Example: Some Excessively
Priced Imported Vehicles

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD RESEARCH TITLE

The research title

1. Summarizes the main idea/s of your study.
2. It is the part of the paper that is read the most and is usually read
first.
3. Captures reader’s attention and draws his attention at the research
problem being investigated .
4. Differentiates the paper from other papers of the same subject area.
5. Predicts content .
Source: Canva.com 6. Contains keywords that will make it easy to access by a computer
search.
Here are basic reminders to keep in mind while writing a research title:
1. Keep it simple, brief, and attractive.
A title's principal role is to offer a concise overview of the paper's content. As a
result, keep the title concise or to the point. Furthermore, a good research tile is
generally 10-15 meaningful words long. A long title may appear disjointed and divert
the reader's attention away from a crucial subject.

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2. Use appropriate descriptive words.
A good research title should include important terms from the publication and
describe the nature of the investigation. Consider the phrases that people might use to
find the study and incorporate them in the title.
3. Avoid abbreviations and jargon.
In the title, well-known acronyms such as AIDS, HIV, and so on may be used.
However, lesser-known or specialized acronyms and jargon that readers may not be
familiar with should be avoided.
4. It is a good idea to create a ‘working’ research title first.
This title helps to focus the research and writing, although it may be modified if
necessary. The final title should be a statement or a question that shows the subject
and scope of the study while generating the reader's interest and passion for the topic.
Always remember that Research title must be original, clear, concise, and
specific. Make sure that the research topic and research questions match.

Five factors that justify in conducting a qualitative research.

1. Credibility - “truth value” of the qualitative study
2. Validity - in depth description
3. Transferability - applicability of one set of findings to another context
4. Dependability - attempts to account for changing condition
5. Conformability - confirm the general findings and lead to the implications

Justification of a Good Qualitative Study

The qualities of good qualitative research are outlined in the subsequent descriptions.
1.The research method is explained in 11.Observations are made over a full
detail. cycle of activities.
2. Assumptions are stated. 12.Data are available for reanalysis.
3. The research guards against value 13.Methods are devised for checking data
judgments in data collection and in quality.
analysis.
4.Raw data demonstrate connection 14.In-field work analysis is documented.
between the presented findings and the
real world.
5.The study answers research questions. 15.Meaning is elicited from cross-cultural
perspectives.
6.The relationship between the current 16.Ethical standards are maintained.
study and previous studies is clear.
7.The study is reported in a manner 17.People in the research setting benefit
accessible to other researcher’s in some way.
practitioners and policy makers.
8.Evidence presented is subjected to a 18.Data collection strategies are the most

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 variety of methods to check out findings. adequate and efficient available.
9.Report acknowledges limitations of 19.The study is holistic and linked to
generalizability. relevant systems.
10.The study is exploratory, not merely to 20.The researcher traces the historical
find contextual data. context to understand how institutions
and roles have evolved.

What’s More

Activity 1: Be Alert and Take Note!

Directions: Identify the word or phrase referred to by the following expressions. Choose
your answer below and write your answers on your answer sheet.
Relevant Unavailability of reading Timely Controversial Hard-to-
materials, outdated Topics investigate
resources topics
Too Narrowing down or Losing Too broad Enthusiasm,
narrow limiting a topic to a clear focus topics motivation,
topics smaller one on the energy
paper

_______1. A descriptive term for a topic that is beneficial to the advancement of

society.
_______2. The impact of a topic you are passionate about or find important to your
heart .
_______3. Topics that are primarily concerned with a person's emotions and
feelings.
_______4. Topics that need extensive research in the library.
_______5. A solution to a very specific challenge or problem.
_______6. The result of working on a hazy or unclear problem.
_______7. The cause for a difficult-to-investigate topic.
_______8. Topics for research that are really simple.
_______9. Topics of broad or general research.
_______10. An adjective denoting an issue that is contemporary in nature.

Activity 2: Make the Best of Research Title

Directions: Rewrite a research title in the form of a more appropriate study title. Fill in
the blanks or write the answer on your answer sheet.
1. Drug X has an effect of muscular contraction for an hour in snails
Better Research Title: __________________________________________________

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2. Effects of online games on students
Better Research Title: __________________________________________________
3. Factors Influencing Students’ and Preferences in Choosing a Course in SHS
Better Research Title: __________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

CHOOSING MY TITLES
Directions: From among the listed working titles below, select the best three and state
your reasons why you opt on the topic. Write all your answers on your answer sheet.
1. School Absenteeism among Students
2. Factors that Influence Students in the Chosen Learning Modality
3. Internet Addiction faced by Young Students
4. Online Education for Filipino Students
5. The Effects of Cooperative Learning on Student Achievement
6. Overcoming Death of a Loved One
7. Preventing Self-Harm
8. Side Effects of Burn-out at Young Age
9. The Future of Students in the Philippines
10. The Impact of Pandemic to the Students

1. Title 1: __________________________________________________________
Reason/s why I chose this topic
a. ___________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________
2. Title 2: __________________________________________________________
Reason/s why I chose this topic
a. ___________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________
3. Title 3: __________________________________________________________
Reason/s why I chose this topic
a. ___________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Writing a Research Title

23
Directions: In a separate sheet of paper, follow the step in writing a research title.
Fill in the blanks to identify what is asked.
HOW TO WRITE A RESEARCH TITLE
Step One: Ask yourself these questions and take note of the answers:
1. What is my paper about?
2. What techniques/designs will be used?
3. Who/What will be studied?
4. Where is the setting of the study?
5. When is the period or duration of the study?
Step Two Use your answers to list key words.
Step Three Create a sentence that indicates the key words you listed.
Step Four Delete all unnecessary/repetitive words and link the remaining.
Step Five Delete non-essential information and reword the title.

Let us take this sample research title:

A Phenomenological Study on the Behavior of Senior High School Students
with Absentee Parents of Las Piñas National High School in the School Year
2019-2020
1. What are we looking at? ______________________________________________
2. Who are the subjects? ________________________________________________
3. Where is the setting/place of the study? __________________________________
4. What type of study is it going to be? _____________________________________
5. What is the period covered of the study? _________________________________
6. What size is the sample? _____________________________________________
7. What data-collection methods will be used? _______________________________

REFERENCES:

1. Baraceros, E.L. (2016). Practical Research 1. Manila: Rex Book Store Publishing House Inc. Cristobal, A.P. &
Cristobal, M.C.D. (2017). Practical research for senior high school. Quezon City, Manila: C & E Publishing, Inc.
Jerusalem, V.L.,

2. Garcia, M.D.R., Palencia, J.M. & Palencia, M.M. (2017). Practical Research 1: Basics of qualitative research.
Sampaloc, Manila: Fastbooks.

3. Matira, M.D. (2016). Practical research for the 21st century learners. Sampaloc, Manila: St. Augustine
Publications, Inc.

4. Prieto, N.G., Naval, V.C., & Carey, T.G. (2017). Practical research 1. Quezon City, Metro Manila: Lorimar,
Publishing Inc.

Module 4 Statement of the Problem and Research Questions

Most Essential Learning Competencies

• States research question (CS_RS11-IIIc-e-4);

24
 • Indicates scope and delimitation of research (CS_RS11-IIIc-e-5);
• Cites benefits and beneficiaries of research (CS_RS11-IIIc-e-6); and
• Presents written statement of the problem (CS_RS11-IIIc-e-7).

What’s In
Practical research 1 is a discipline, uses practical skills to develop ideas. It is a multiple-
step process where the steps are interlinked with the other steps in the process. It is
also an umbrella covering several forms of inquiry that help us understand and explain
the meaning of social phenomenon with as little disruption to the natural setting as
possible.

Characteristics of a Good Research Question

A good research question is essential to guide your research paper, project or thesis.
It pinpoints exactly what you want to find out and gives your work a clear focus and
purpose. All research questions should be:

• Feasible it can be investigated without an undue amount of time, effort, or

money.
• Clear most people would agree as to what the key words in the question means.
• Significant it is worth investigating because it will contribute important
knowledge about the human condition.
• Ethical it will not involve physical or psychological harm or damage to human
beings, or to the natural or social environment of which they are part.
• Aligned to the research Topic/ design

A good research Problem should be SMART:

• Specific goals outline exactly what you hope to accomplish. Being specific helps
you and others understand clearly what you plan to do and requires a detailed
understanding of the data used for various local measures.
• Measurable goals include a metric against which to document progress. Data
often provide a baseline and the progress or outcome measure for the goal.
• Attainable goals are ones that can be accomplished in a given social or political
climate with the available resources. Attainable goals align with local assets and
values. Knowing what is attainable requires people at the table who are
knowledgeable about the community and regional data.
• Relevant goals are important and will help you accomplish the desired outcome.
A community can only ensure that a goal is relevant if they know the relative
importance of various industries, as measured through employment, payroll, and
other data.

25
 • Time-Framed goals ensure accountability and keep progress on track by
providing a deadline. Creating a realistic time-frame requires knowledge of
regional data and data on similar communities.

Scope and Delimitation of Research

Scope and delimitations are two elements of a research paper or thesis. The
scope of a study explains the extent to which the research area will be explored in the
work and specifies the parameters within which the study will be operating. For
example, let's say a researcher wants to study the impact of mobile phones on
behavior patterns of elementary school children. However, it is not possible for the
researcher to cover every aspect of the topic.
So, the scope will have to be narrowed down to a certain section of the target
population. In this case, the scope might be narrowed down to a group of 50 children
in grades 3-5 of one specific school. Their behavior patterns in school may have been
observed for a duration of 6 months. These would form the delimitations of the study.

Thus, delimitations are the characteristics that limit the scope and describe the
boundaries of the study, such as the sample size, geographical location or setting in
which the study takes place, population traits, etc. Additionally, the researcher might
also choose to use some research tools and methodologies to collect data but not
others. These delimitations might be imposed for practical reasons, such as lack of
time or financial resources to carry out a more thorough investigation. The delimitation
section of the study should explain why specific choices were made while others were
excluded and how this might affect the outcome of the research.
Written Statement of the Problem
A statement of the problem is used in research work as a claim that outlines
the problem addressed by a study. The statement of the problem briefly addresses
the question: What is the problem that the research will address?
What are the goals of a statement of the problem?
The ultimate goal of a statement of the problem is to transform a generalized
problem (something that bothers you; a perceived lack) into a targeted, well-defined
problem; one that can be resolved through focused research and careful decision-
making.
Writing a statement of the problem should help you clearly identify the purpose
of the research project you will propose. Often, the statement of the problem will also
serve as the basis for the introductory section of your final proposal, directing your
reader’s attention quickly to the issues that your proposed project will address and
providing the reader with a concise statement of the proposed project itself.
A statement of problem need not be long and elaborate: one page is more than enough
for a good statement of problem.

26
What are the key characteristics of a statement of the problem?
A good research problem should have the following characteristics:
1. It should address a gap in knowledge.
2. It should be significant enough to contribute to the existing body of research
3. It should lead to further research
4. The problem should render itself to investigation through collection of data
5. It should be of interest to the researcher and suit his/her skills, time, and
resources
6. The approach towards solving the problem should be ethical
7.
What is the format for writing a statement of the problem?
A persuasive statement of problem is usually written in three parts:
Part A (The ideal): Describes a desired goal or ideal situation; explains how things
should be.
Part B (The reality): Describes a condition that prevents the goal, state, or value in
Part A from being achieved or realized at this time; explains how the current situation
falls short of the goal or ideal.
Part C (The consequences): Identifies the way you propose to improve the current
situation and move it closer to the goal or ideal.
Sample of Written Statement of the Problem
Research Title: THE EFFECT OF POLYA’S PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGY
(PPSS) ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT AND CONCEPTIONS IN CHEMISTRY
The main purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Polya’s problem
solving strategy (PPSS) on students’ achievement and conceptions in Chemistry.
Specifically, this study attempted to answer the following questions:
1. What are the students’ problem solving achievement before and after their
exposure to Polya’s problem solving strategy (PPSS)?
2. What are the students’ conceptions after their exposure to PPSS?
3. Is there a difference in the students’ problem solving achievement before and
after their exposure to PPSS?
4. What are the students’ experiences on the use of PPSS?
References:
https://sscc.libguides.com/c.ph
https://esrc.ukri.org/funding/guidance-for-applicants/research-ethics/

What’s More

27
Activity1: Matching Type!
Direction: Match column A with. Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer
before the number.
A. B.

______1.It is used in research work as a claim A. ethical

that outlines the problem addressed by a study.
______2. limit the scope and describe the B. specific research
boundaries of the study.
______3.it can be investigated without an undue C. statement of the
problem
amount of time, effort, or money.
______4.honesty, fairness and equity in D. specific
interpersonal, professional and academic
relationships E. delimitation
and in research and scholarly activities.
_____5.It is a method used when gathering F. scope
primary information for a market survey
where targeted customers / consumers.

Activity 2: SCRAMBLED WORDS

Directions: Rearranged the scrambled letters to identify the concept in writing a
research study and define the word formed.(6points)
SERACHER
1. ______________-
___________________________________________________________________

HICSTE
2. _______________-
___________________________________________________________________

AFEISBLE
3. ________________-
___________________________________________________________________

Activity 3. True or False(5points)

Direction: Write T if the statement states a fact about research and write F if the
statement is FALSE.

28
____1. A statement of the problem clearly identify the purpose of the research project
conducted.
_____2. One of the characteristics of a statement of the problem is of the interest of
the researcher.
____3. A statement of the problem briefly discussed the proposed project.
____4. The scope and the delimitation of the study go beyond the boundaries and
the parameters of the research problem.
____5. Benefits and beneficiaries of research study focus on the process of the
research being conducted.
Answer the following Questions
1. What is the significance of the statement of the problem in writing a research study?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. How does ethical standard applied in the conduct of research study? Cite one
example.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Direction: Discuss the importance of the characteristics of the statement of a problem
in the conduct of research.

What I Can Do

Lets Practice!
Directions: From the given research title below . Formulate a 3 research questions .
29
Research Title: UNDERSTANDING THE LEARNING CHALLENGES AMONG
GRADE 11 GAS STUDENTS UNDER MODULAR APPROACH
IN THE NEW NORMAL

30
 31
MODULE 2 MODULE 1
Activity 1
E Activity 1
D
A
D
E
A
F
B
A
C
Activity 2
Answer may vary
Activity 3
Answer may vary
Answer Key
 32
MODULE 4 MODULE 3
Activity 1 Activity 1
1. Relevant
1. texture
2. Enthusiasm, motivation, energy
2. true 3. Controversial Topics
4. Hard-to-investigate topics
3. magma
5. Narrowing down or limiting a topic to a
4. true smaller one
5. true
6. Losing clear focus on the paper
7. Unavailability of reading materials,
Activity 2 outdated resources
1. Non -foliated 8. Too narrow topics
9. Too broad topics
2. foliated
10. Timely
3. foliated Activity 2
1. Drug X Induces Muscular Contraction in
4. foliated
Snails
5. non-foliated 2. Psychosocial Effects of Online Games on
Senior High School students
Activity 3. answer may vary
3.Factors Influencing Secondary Students’
Activity 4. Perception and Preferences in Choosing a
Strand in Senior High School
1.slate
2.gneiss What I Have Learned
Students ANSWER may vary
3.hornfels Title 1:
4.marble __________________________________
Reasons/why I choose the topic:
5.quartzite
_____________
skills challenge:
What I Can Do
1.limestone-marble - building houses, cement
and concrete, soil conditioner. glass making 1. The behavior of Senior High School students
with absentee parents
2.basalt-schist- construction of roads, buildings, 2. Senior High School students with absentee
bridges, decorative purposes, houses, walls parents 3. Las Piñas National High School
4. It is going to be a qualitative study, and
3. sandstone- quartzite- bricks, building materials,
decorative stone, roofing tiles, flooring. Walls phenomenology will be used.
5. School Year 2019-2020
4. granite -gneiss- flooring. Ornamental stones, 6. a small sample (random sampling)
gravestone, buildings 7. Information from the participants will be
5.dolomite- marble-buildings and monuments, obtained through interviews, observation,
interior decoration, statuary, table tops, open-ended questionnaires, etc.
Answer Key