NATIONAL

SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 10

NOVEMBER 2017

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2
MARKING GUIDELINES

MARKS: 150

This marking guideline consists of 8 pages.

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2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2017)

SECTION A

1.1 1.1.1 C √√
1.1.2 A √√
1.1.3 C √√
1.1.4 A √√
1.1.5 A √√
1.1.6 D √√
1.1.7 B √√
1.1.8 D √√
1.1.9 A √√
1.1.10 D √√ (20)

1.2 1.2.1 E √√
1.2.2 G √√
1.2.3 D √√
1.2.4 B √√
1.2.5 F √√ (10)

1.3 1.3.1 Nuclear envelope/nuclear membrane √√

1.3.2 Mineralisation √√
1.3.3 Alien / exotic √√
1.3.4 Pollution √√
1.3.5 Meso-fauna / Meso-organisms √√ (10)

1.4 1.4.1 Weathering √

1.4.2 Sex cells / Gametes √
1.4.3 Aspect / Direction √
1.4.4 Horticultural √
1.4.5 Shrubs √ (5)

TOTAL SECTION A: 45

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2017) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 3

SECTION B

QUESTION 2: SOIL SCIENCE

2.1 2.1.1 Identification of soil water

A. Hygroscopic / Adhesion water √ (1)

2.1.2 Motivation of answer to QUESTION 2.1.1

In an air dry soil sample, only hygroscopic water is present √ and it
can only be removed by strong heating √ (2)

2.1.3 Accessibility of water to plants and explanation

No √
Because hygroscopic / adhesion water is tightly bound to soil
particles √ (2)

2.1.4 Safety precaution taken in the experiment

Use of tongs to hold the test tube √ (1)

2.1.5 Types of water not depicted in the diagram

 Capillary / cohesion water √
 Gravitational / free / percolation water √ (2)

2.2 2.2.1 Characteristics of mineral identification

A. Cleavage √ (1)
B. Lustre √ (1)
C. Purity √ (1)
D. Tenacity √ (1)
E. Density √ (1)

2.2.2 THREE characteristics of primary minerals

 Primary minerals are still in their original form / have not
changed chemically √
 Crystallise from cooling magma √
 Are coarse and hard √ (3)

2.3 2.3.1 Soil forming factor mentioned in the passage

Bedrock / parent rock √ (1)

2.3.2 Classification of rocks

A. Sedimentary rocks√ (1)
B. Metamorphic rocks√ (1)
C. Igneous rocks√ (1)

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2.3.3 THREE cultivation properties of soils formed from

sedimentary rocks
 Leaching is high / nutrients are washed away √
 Low in fertility √
 Easy to till / cultivate √
 Well drained and well aerated √
 Often acidic as a result of leaching √
 Suitable for growing underground / root crops √
 High salt concentration / brackish √ (Any 3) (3)

2.4 2.4.1 Comparison of extrusive and intrusive rocks

Intrusive rocks Extrusive rocks

Magma cools underneath the Magma cools on the earth’s
soil surface√ surface√
Have crystal grains that are Have crystal grains that are fine
coarse textured textured
(Any 2) (2)

2.5 2.5.1 Identification of soil forming factor

Topography / Geography √ (1)

2.5.2 Point where soil is deeper

D√ (1)

2.5.3 Reasons for different soil depths

At point C water runs down very quickly and
erodes the available soil √ which is deposited at point D √ (2)

2.5.4 Features of topography

A. Altitude √ (1)
B. Aspect √ (1)
C. Slope √ (1)

2.5.5 Human activities that have a direct impact on soil formation

 Removing vegetation cover
 Overgrazing
 Veld burning
 Tillage / ploughing
 Use of heavy machinery (Any 3) (3)
[35]

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2017) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 5

QUESTION 3: PLANT SCIENCE

3.1 3.1.1 Matching crop classes

A. Industrial crops √ (1)
B. Fodder crops √ (1)
C. Oil seed crops √ (1)
D. Forest crops √ (1)

3.1.2 Economic importance of crops in South Africa

 Generate foreign exchange √
 Create employment √
 Contribute to the country’s Gross Domestic Product √
 Support the financial sector √ (Any 3) (3)

3.2 3.2.1 A bar graph showing the volumes of wheat production from
2005 to 2010
4000
3500
3000
Volume produced (t)

2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
2005/6 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10
Season

Marking guideline for the graph

 Correct heading √
 Y-axis correctly labelled (Volume produced) √
 X-axis correctly labelled (Season) √
 Correct type of graph (line graph) √
 Units indicated (t) √
 Correct scale √ (6)

3.2.2 Trend of wheat production from 2005 to 2010

 Wheat production increased√ with time √ (2)

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3.2.3 The volumes of all grains produced in 2005

Maize + wheat + sorghum = total grain crop production √
6000 t + 500 t + 900 t = 7400 t √ (2)

3.2.4 Protein rich fodder crop

Lucerne √ (1)

3.2.5 Why legumes are rich in proteins

They form a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria √
which provide the plant with nitrogen that is used to make proteins
√ (2)

3.3 3.3.1 The vitamin oranges contain

Vitamin C √ (1)

3.3.2 Medicinal uses of oranges

 Fight flu infections √ (1)
 Treat nausea √ (1)

3.3.3 THREE benefits of processing oranges to fruit juice

 Value addition / Increase profit √
 Increase shelf life/ Prevents rotting √
.  Maintain constant supply throughout the year √
 Creates job opportunities √ (Any 3 x 1) (3)

3.4 3.4.1 Identification of invader plant species

A. Category 3 √ (1)
B. Category 2 √ (1)
C. Category 1 √ (1)

3.4.2 Reasons for eradicating invader plant species

 Cause loss of indigenous plants √
 Some species are poisonous to livestock and humans √
 Cause water shortages √ (Any 2) (2)

3.4.3 Difference between softwood and hardwood trees

 Softwood plantations: consist of trees that produce light, soft
wood with a coarse grain. √ (1)
Example: pine trees √ (1)

 Hardwood plantations: consist of trees that produce heavy

hardwood with a fine grain. √ (1)
 Example: eucalyptus / gum trees / wattle trees (Any 1) (1)
[35]

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2017) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 7

QUESTION 4: SUSTAINABLE USE OF RESOURCES AND BIOLOGICAL

CONCEPTS

4.1 4.1.1 Example of a non-renewable resource

Land / Soil √ (1)

4.1.2 Reason
Soil cannot be replaced √ within a short period of time √ (2)

4.1.3 Environmentally sustainable method

A√ (1)

4.1.4 Justification of 4.1.3

 Use of animal drawn plough does not compact the soil √
 There is minimal air pollution √
 Manure from the cattle adds organic matter to the soil √ (3)

4.2 4.2.1 Physical property of water

Turbidity √ (1)

4.2.2 Definition of turbidity

Refers to the cloudiness of water that is caused by suspended
solid particles √ (1)

4.2.3 THREE issues affecting supply and quality of water in South

Africa
 Increasing demand / population growth √
 Invasive alien plants √
 Pollution √
 Urbanisation √
 Drought / Climate change / global warming √
 Exploitation of ground water √
 Afforestation √ (Any 3) (3)

4.2.4 Act that regulates water

National Water Act of 1998 √ (1)

4.2.5 THREE effects of soil pollution on natural resources

 Balance of flora and fauna is disturbed √
 Soil salinity increases √
 Soil organisms are killed by soil pollutants √
 Plants growing on polluted soil may contain poisonous
chemicals √ (Any 3) (3)

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4.2.6 TWO methods to dispose of non-biodegradable waste

 Reusing material on the farm √
 Returning containers to suppliers √
 Collection of waste for recycling √ (Any 2) (2)

4.3 4.3.1 Parts of a plant cell

A. Cell membrane √
B. Cell wall √
D. Vacuole √
E. Nucleus √ (4)

4.3.2 TWO functions of part E

 Controls cell activities / Determines the way a cell looks and
functions √
 Plays an essential role in cell division √ (2)

4.4 Differences between plant and animal cells

Plant cell Animal cell

4.4.1 Outer protective layer Cell wall present √ Has a cell (2)
membrane √
4.4.2 Vacuole One large vacuole √ Many small
vacuoles √ (2)

4.5 4.5.1 Phases of mitosis

A. Prophase √ (1)
B. Interphase √ (1)
C. Anaphase √ (1)
D. Metaphase √ (1)

4.5.2 THREE roles of mitosis

 For growth √
 For the repair of damaged tissues √
 For asexual reproduction √ (3 x 1) (3)
[35]

TOTAL SECTION B: 105

GRAND TOTAL: 150

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