Volume2, Issue9, Sep2024 International Journal of Modern Science and Research Technology

ISSNNo-2584-2706

The Effect of Logistics Management on Firm

Performance in Selected Food and Beverage
Firms in Lagos State, Nigeria.
Taofeek Idowu Ganiyu Muhammad Faarouq Sulaiman
Department of Business Administration, Department of Business Administration,
University of Lagos University of Lagos

Abstract:
Organisations perform various logistical will contribute significantly to the
operations so as to meet their customers’ sustainable development of the Nigeria
needs and sustain development. The study economy.
sought to address the following specific Keywords: Transportation Management,
objectives: to examine the effect of transport Operational Efficiency, Logistics
management on delivery speed; evaluate the Management, Sustainable Development
influence of inventory management on
organisational productivity; and ascertain the Introduction:
effect of information flow management on Background to the Study:
operational efficiency. Coca-Cola Nigeria The current state of the market has forced
Plc, and Cadbury Nigeria Plc, Lagos State industries in today's society to improve the
were purposively selected for the study, and efficacy and efficiency of their operations.
the study’s population includes 883
As a result, many businesses now view the
employees of the studied firms. Two
development of a competitive supply chain
hundred and seventy-five (275) employees
were selected using a simple random
as a must for market survival as opposed
sampling technique. The survey data to a choice (Dello, Falsini, & Schiraldi,
collected were analysed using descriptive 2013). Due to the more erratic character of
statistics to achieve the mean and frequency consumer purchasing behaviours,
distribution percentage of data collected, and globalisation has compelled food and
an inferential statistical tool (linear beverage companies to seek the
regression analysis) was used to test the challenging objective of growing their
study hypotheses with the aid of SPSS assortment of superior, new items while
version 26. The findings of the study guaranteeing effective customer service
showed that transportation management (Pratapwar, 2016). Improving logistics
affected delivery speed with an R-value of performance was shown to be a means of
0.605; that there was a strong relationship improving the food and beverage
between inventory management and industry's efficiency. Therefore, in order to
organisational productivity with an R- improve their manufacturing processes'
value of 0.811, and that there was a strong efficiency and flexibility, food and
relationship between information flow beverage companies have to use a variety
management and operational efficiency of strategies to manage the flow of goods
with a Pearson correlation value of 0.796. from the point of production to the final
This study, therefore, recommended that customer.
factors associated with logistics All economies across the globe, including
management need to be considered by the Nigeria's, depend heavily on the food and
organisations in their strategic plans as it beverage sector. Recently, there has been an
increase in the significance and worth of the

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industry's participants' performance and The study aims to investigate the effect of
contribution to the Nigerian economy. With logistics management on firm performance
over 1.5 million workers and a 22% share of in selected food and beverage firms in
the country's industrial value-added, Lagos State. Specifically, the study seeks
Nigeria's food and beverage sector is a to:
sizable and dynamic business (Flander i. determine the effect of transportation
Investment and Trade, 2020). A few of the management on delivery speed
challenges the industry faces are high ii. Examine the effect of inventory
manufacturing costs, poor standards, limited management on profit optimisation.
infrastructure, regulatory barriers, and iii. ascertain the effect of information
intense competition from both domestic and
flow management on operational
foreign rivals. Therefore, the adoption of
efficiency
innovative and effective logistics
management is crucial to the survival and
1.4 Research Questions:
growth of food and beverage companies in
The following research questions were
Nigeria. They may save costs, improve answered to achieve the objectives:
product quality, increase flexibility, and i. To what extent is the effect of
gain a competitive edge by using this transportation management on delivery
strategic approach. speed?
Logistics management, according to Ogah, ii. What is the effect of inventory
Asiegbu, and Lagos (2022), is the idea of management on profit optimisation?
organizing and overseeing a business's iii. What is the effect of information flow
product line. Logistics management management on operational efficiency?
strengthens internal controls to provide a
high-quality catalogue and offer value to 1.5 Research Hypotheses:
consumers (Karim, Nawawi & Salin, The following null hypotheses were tested
2018). According to Amin and Shahwan to achieve the stated objectives of the
(2020), logistics management is a study:
component of supply chain management i. Transportation management has no
(SCM) that deals with organizing, carrying significant effect on delivery speed
out, and regulating the timely and smooth ii. Inventory management has no
movement of goods, services, and significant effect on profit optimisation.
pertinent data from the point of origin to iii. information flow management has no
the point of consumption. significant effect on operational
efficiency.
Statement of the Problem:
As a result of changes in the business Significance of the Study:
environment, eighty per cent of large, This research aims to contribute to the
significant companies have been forced to advancement of Nigeria's food and beverage
temporarily reorganize their organizational firms, particularly Coca-Cola Nigeria Plc
structures and restructure their and Cadbury Nigeria Plc, Lagos by
manufacturing operations in order to examining the relationship between
improve the effectiveness of information distribution management, inventory
sharing (Jones, Hutcheson, & Camba, 2021). management, and information flow
Nigeria's logistics network is also said to be management as crucial factors influencing a
complex and difficult to comprehend firm's competitive advantage and
because of the peculiarities and problems of productivity; hence, the recommendations
the country's surroundings. can be used as a guiding framework to
enhance organizational operations.

Aims and Objectives of the Study:

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This study will aid entrepreneurs and component components or elements,

executives in developing effective logistics focuses on how the parts are ordered and
management strategies for their connected to one another in order to
organizations. It will help in optimizing function
logistics, operations, and distribution as a whole. The arrangement and
management by identifying the extent to interaction of the components define the
which certain activities may hinder overall properties of the system. The behaviour of
performance. Finally, the results will help the system is independent of the properties
investors and other relevant stakeholders of its members. This is sometimes referred
assess the financial stability of a firm,
to as an all-encompassing approach to
reducing the chance of experiencing
understanding things. Ahrne (1994).
financial losses on their investments.
Richard et al. (1964) claim that the
Literature review: systems theory is a useful framework for
Theoretical Review: thinking about management. It allows one
In the course of investigating the concept to view external and internal
of logistics management and product environmental forces as a single,
acceptability of manufacturing firms, the integrated whole because of the framework
study is founded on three major theories it provides. It makes it possible for
which include: Strategic choice theory, subsystems to be identified in the
system theory, and resource-based view appropriate capability and location.
theory.
Resource-Based View (RBV) Theory:
Strategic Choice Theory (SCT): This idea holds that a firm's internal
According to the idea of strategic choice, resources—which are valuable, uncommon,
decisions taken by top management have hard to replicate, and non-substitutable—are
an impact on the dynamics of internal and a way of generating and preserving a
competitive edge, which inevitably prevents
external relationships within companies as
performance excellence. The resource
well as organisational performance
profile of the company fosters successful
(Wangrow & Schloemer, 2019). The
operational performance. On the other hand,
importance of key management choices is
attaining exceptional performance can be
a prerequisite for improving organizational accomplished through the distribution and
performance (Sinaga, Nurfarina, Iskandar, ownership of key resources that are difficult
Mozammel, Rosita, 2019). A manager's to replicate (Wernerfelt, 1994). Barney
decision-making is influenced by a number (1991) posits that a company can get a
of external elements, including supply, competitive advantage over its rivals through
purchasing, and inventory management, as the acquisition of essential resources and
the theory of strategic choice illustrates. their efficient and effective distribution
The idea highlights that in order to within their respective marketplaces.
improve performance results, managers According to O'cass and Ngo (2011), there
who possess decision-making authority are some specific characteristics of a
ought to choose the most appropriate company that might lead to the development
inventory investment and optimization of unique resources that are difficult for
tactics. competitors to copy and that determine
performance differences between rivals.
System Theory:
The systems theory focuses mostly on the Conceptual Review:
connections among the components. The variables explored in the study are
Systems theory, as opposed to dissecting discussed below:
an object such as the human body into its

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 Volume2, Issue9, Sep2024 International Journal of Modern Science and Research Technology
ISSNNo-2584-2706

Logistics Management: Information Flow Management:

Activities that are both inbound and According to Bowersoxar, Closs, and
outgoing are commonly covered in logistics Cooper (2002), information flow in a
management. Among these were logistics logistical system designates certain
networks, inventory and warehouse locations. The three operational regions are
management, order fulfilment, materials also integrated by information. There are
handling, supply and demand forecasting, various movement demands depending on
and transportation and fleet management. In the size of the order, the inventory
addition, customer service, sourcing and availability, and the pressing nature of the
procurement, production planning and flow within a certain logistics sector. The
scheduling, wrapping, and assembly may be main objective of information flow
included in the logistics activities, albeit in management techniques is to reconcile these
different amounts. logistical management is disparities in order to enhance supply chain
used to combine information technology, performance as a whole. Taking into account
finance, manufacturing, marketing, and sales that market distribution, business assistance,
with logistical operations (CSCMP, 2010). It and procurement all include real action,
is thought of as a part of supply chain information is necessary. It is possible that
management (SCM), which deals with the work invested in the logistical system
efficient item management. The objective of may be wasted if accurate records are not
logistics management, according to kept.
Ristovska, Kozuharov, and Petkovski
(2017), is to provide the end user with the Transportation Management:
right product in the right quality at the right Businesses must have a transportation
time in the right place at the right price. system because goods cannot become
significant unless they are delivered from
Logistics Management Practices: the production facility to the end customer.
There are several practices of logistics As Tseng, Yue, and Taylor (2005) point
management in the field of operations out, logistics requires that things are
management, however, the study is limited transported in accordance with a well-
to three practices of logistics management planned procedure; just delivering goods
explored. The practices are discussed as to the final consumer is insufficient.
follows: Among the components of commercial
logistics systems, transportation
Inventory Management: management is the most important
Inventory is the stock of any material or economic activity. According to Kelvin
product that a business uses. An inventory and Charles (2021), transportation
system is a set of procedures and policies management maximizes value addition and
that establishes how much inventory reduces expenses by tracking commodities
should be kept on hand, when it should be as they move through specific areas.
replenished, and precisely how big orders
should be (Augustine & Agu, 2013). Firm Performance:
According to Babatunde and Arogundade Performance is the single most important
(2008), inventories are the lifeblood of any aspect in determining the success of a
industrial business. They are the inventory company's operations. This is demonstrated
of basic raw materials, supplies of parts, in the firm's capacity to effectively create
and finished goods that are still being and implement techniques that materialize
built. The top priority is to appropriately the firm's stated aims and objectives.
coordinate manufacturing processes based Alahmad (2021) defined company
on expected demand, attainable stock performance as the actual outcome of a firm
profile, lead time, given capacity, and compared to the projected outcome of the
other relevant variables (Bagshaw, 2017). firm. These definitions suggest that

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performance assesses how well a company (Chowdhury & Islam, 2021). The lack of
operates as regards to attaining targets, strategic sourcing, inventory management,
satisfying customers, increasing revenue, supplier relationships, and distribution
and so on. Because quantifying a firm's management systems in manufacturing
successis so complicated, various experts organisations results in the logistics
have proposed multiple stages of challenges faced by the industry.
performance evaluation. Green, Zelbst,
Meacham, and Bhadauria (2012). Methodology:
Preamble:
Delivery Speed: The methodology used in the study is
Each transaction for merchants that offer presented in this chapter. The study's
physical products has two basic elements: population, sampling strategy and size,
the actual product customers purchase as data collection procedure, validity and
well as the services provided by the store reliability of the research instrument, data
to enable the purchase by the customers. analysis technique, and model formulation
are all covered.
Profit Optimisation:
Profit optimisation is one of the Research Design:
fundamental ideas to comprehend when it To gather data for the study and evaluate
pertains to pricing in the e-commerce and the cause-and-effect among the observed
retail arena. It describes the process of variables, an exploratory cross-sectional
increasing profits by determining the best survey research design was used based on
possible ratio between the expenses of the nature of the investigation. The use of
manufacturing and selling a good or exploratory cross-sectional survey design
service and its pricing. is justified in that it collects data from a
population at a single point in time and
Conceptual Framework: uses a method of data collection that
The constructs of logistics management produces reports about measures of central
explored in the study include tendency, correlation, and variation while
transportation management inventory structuring investigations to assess the
management, and information flow relationship between variables.
management. Firm performance was
represented by delivery speed, profit Population of the Study:
optimisation, and operational efficiency. All the food and beverage firms in Lagos
Based on the hypotheses formulated, a State comprise the study’s population.
conceptual framework is developed: However, for want of time and resources, the
study randomly selected Coca-Cola Nigeria
Gap in Literature: Plc, and Cadbury NigeriaPlc, Lagos as the
Reddy and Reddy (2021) stressed the study’s firms. Based on the information
significance of procurement and logistics in gathered from the annual financial reports
manufacturing enterprises, highlighting the 2021 of the surveyed firms, the total number
low operational performance of many of employees is eight hundred and eighty-
organisations due to their limited three (883). 347 employees from Coca-Cola
involvement in supply chain activities. In Nigeria Plc, and 536 employees from
order to remain competitive, manufacturing Cadbury Nigeria Plc. The selection of these
companies in Nigeria must effectively subsectors was warranted as they are firmly
implement their logistical processes. anchored in authentic manufacturing
Effective management of supply chain activities and dominate the manufacturing
activities provides the organisation with an sector's operations in terms of outputs and
additional advantage over its competitors employment participation. Furthermore,

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selected companies are very engaged in the n = Sample size

stock market and have their corporate N = Population size = 883
offices and manufacturing facilities in e = Margin of errors = 5% = 0.05
Lagos State. Also, the study firms were Hence
chosen because of their competitiveness in N = 883
the manufacturing industry. The study area
is chosen due to its proximity and 1 + 883(0.05) ²
accessibility. Lagos State, which lies in the
southwest of Nigeria, is the research area. N = 275
The reason Lagos State was chosen is that
it serves as Nigeria's commercial and Hence, the sample size adopted is 275,
industrial hub. which is a true representative of the study
population. Administration/distribution of
Sample Size Determination and the questionnaire to the respondent in each
Sampling Technique: study’s firm is done by the scientific
The sample size for the study was formula of Bryman's (2011) allocation of
determined using Taro's (1967)’ s formula: sampling size as follows:
n= N
1 + N(e)²
Were
Table 3.1 Allocation of Sample Size

S/N Company’s Name Number of Staff

1 Coca-Cola Nigeria Plc 347
2 Cadbury Nigeria Plc 536
3 Total 883
Source: Computed by the researcher 2024

The allocation of sample size shows that and observations. The use of a
108 copies of the questionnaire were questionnaire is justified as it facilitates the
administered to the respondents at Coca- collection of data for inferential and
Cola Nigeria Plc and 167 copies of the descriptive statistics to arrive at a better
questionnaire were administered to the conclusion for managerial decision-
respondents at Cadbury Nigeria Plc. making. It also assures the confidentiality
of the respondents, which would elicit
Instrument of the Study: more truthful responses.
Primary data was gathered from The questionnaire was segmented into five
employees in a variety of management sections i.e. sections A, B, C, D, and E.
cadres, including the top-level, middle- Section A addressed respondents’ profiles
level, and low-level cadres, according to such as gender, age, qualification, years of
the protocol. Data gathering was more experience, managerial careers, and
inclusive of all genders. The majority of department; Section B addressed questions
the information was gathered through on transportation management, adapted
questionnaires that respondents sought to from Amanuel (2022). Section C
self-administer. The questionnaire was addressed questions on inventory
well-structured and designed based on the management, adapted from Adelwini et al.
research objectives and was administered (2023). Section D addressed questions on
to the respondents to express their views information flow management, adapted

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from Elemo et al. (2023). Section E the suggestions of my supervisor were

addressed questions on firm performance integrated into the final draft.
measures. The questions from sections B Prior to conducting the primary data
to E were well-thought and developed by analysis, a pilot study was carried out to
the researcher. Also, the questions in determine the practicality and feasibility of
sections B to E were structured based on a employing a questionnaire for data
five-point Likert scale: Strongly Agree collection. A larger inferential statistical
(SA), Agree (A), Undecided (U), Disagree research project's design adjustments must
(D), and Strongly Disagree (SD) for ease be identified and determined to be viable
of responses and data analysis. through pilot experiments (Doody &
Doody, 2015). To ascertain the reliability
Validity and Reliability of Research and consistency, as well as the anticipated
Instrument: issues that could arise throughout the
To validate the research instrument, face and research and how to avoid them, a pilot
content validity were adopted. To do this, a study involving 10 management experts in
prototype questionnaire was submitted to the study's organizations was undertaken.
management experts for feedback on the The Cronbach's alpha test, which has a
face and content validity of the measurement
range of 0 to 1, was used to determine the
items. The management experts were
reliability of the research instrument in
explicitly asked to give their remarks on the
order to evaluate its internal accuracy and
relevance and appropriateness of the items in
the questionnaire so that the items might be
consistency. The lowest threshold for
made simpler and more logical. Some of the statistics to proclaim reliability, according
items were modified in response to their to Bhatnagar, Kim, and Many (2014), is
suggestions, while others were introduced 0.7; nevertheless, if the value is below the
entirely new. The questionnaire was specified values, the variable(s) is/are
provided to the study supervisor for review, suspect and should be removed from the
approval, and vetting. Having collected the final analysis. The reliability coefficient of
questionnaire from the management experts, each variable in research questions was
obtained as follow:

Stable 3.2 Cronbach's Alpha Test for Reliability

S/N Variable Number of Items Cronbach's
Alpha
1 Transportation Management 5 0.866
2 Inventory Management 5 0. 857
3 Information Flow Management 5 0.778
4 Delivery Speed 3 0.942
5 Profit Optimisation 2 0.781
6 Operational efficiency 2 0.873
Source: Computed by the Researcher 2024

From the summary of the reliability test, reliability. Hence, the research instrument
we can observe that all the variables was adapted to generate data for the main
satisfied the threshold of Cronbach’s alpha analysis.
for the reliability test i.e. the score of
Cronbach’s Alpha for each variable is 3.7 Data Analysis Method:
greater than 0.7. This implies that the The first stage of data analysis involved
variables have internal consistency descriptive statistical analysis which is

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based on the use of tables on frequency The above function is hereby written in a
distribution percentages, means, and linear mathematical form as:
standard deviation, The linear regression DY = β0+ β1TM+ β2IM + β3IFM+
analysis as an inferential statistics tool was E .................................. (ii)
used to test the three hypotheses proposed Where:
in the study. The above method was DY: Dependent variable
engaged because it is more reliable when measured by delivery speed (DS),
assessing the association and causal effect profit optimisation (PO), and
of variables on one another. The Statistical operational efficiency (OE).
Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS), TM: Transportation Management
version 26.0 was utilized as the tool for IM: Inventory Management
data analysis. IFM: Information Flow Management
E: Error terms
3.8 Model Specification: β1, β2, β3, = Parameters.
A multiple linear regression model was The model is further specified according to
developed to estimate the coefficients of the study’s hypotheses
the predictor variables (Transportation Hypothesis1:
Management, Inventory Management, and DS = β0 + β1TM +
Information Flow Management) in the e .................................. (iii)
model. The model's capacity to determine Hypothesis2:
the relative influence of one or more PO = β0 + β1IM +
predictor variables on the dependent e .................................. (iv)
variable justifies its use. Hence, the model Hypothesis 3:
for the study is hereby specified as OE = β0 + β1IFM +
follows: e .................................. (v)
DY = f (TM, IM, IFM) Data presentation, analysis and
…………………………………...eq. interpretati(oi)n:

Presentation and Analysis of Data

The summary of the distribution of the questions is shown below:
Table 4.1: Distribution of the Questionnaire
Questionnaire Total
Copies of Questionnaire administered 275
Copies of questionnaire Retrieved 242
Response Rate 88.0%
Source: Field Survey, 2024

From Table 4.1, 275 copies of the approximate response rate of 88.0%. For a
questionnaire were administered to the study of this nature, such a percentage is
respondents and 242 copies were dully adequate thereby indicating the willingness
filled and collected. This gives an of the respondents to co-operate.
Table 4.2 Distribution of Demographic Data of Respondents

Gender Frequency % Age Group Frequency %

Male 149 61.6 22-31yrs 63 26.0
Female 93 38.4 32-41yrs 99 40.9
Total 242 100.0 42-51yrs 54 22.3
52yrs and above 26 10.7

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Total 242 100.0

Qualification Years of service

ND/Equivalent 54 22.3 3-6yrs 65 26.9
HND/B.Sc 135 55.8 7-10yrs 138 57.0
MBA/MSc 53 21.9 11yrs and above 39 16.1
Total 242 100.0 Total 242 100.0

Levels of Manager Department

Top level 34 14.0 Production/Operations 46 19.0
Middle level 159 65.7 Procurement/Logistics 111 45.9
Lower level 49 20.3 Sales/Marketing 42 17.4
Total 242 100.00 Store/Warehouse 43 17.8
Total 242 100
Source: Field Survey, 2024
Table 4.2 above shows that 61.6% of the 52years and above. It shows that most of
total respondents are male, and 38.4% of the respondents belong to the active
the respondents are female. It indicates workforce.Based on the respondents’
that the majority of the respondents are department, 19.0% of the respondents are
male. Notwithstanding, the study is not from Production/Operations; 45.9% are
gender-bias, it cuts across all genders. from Procurement/Logistics; 17.4% are
Based on the age of the respondents, from sales/marketing; and 17.8% are from
26.0% of the total respondents fall within store/warehouse department. It shows that
the age bracket of 22-31years, 40.9% are the study engaged the employees from
within 32-41years, 22.3% fall within 42- key departments in the surveyed firms.
51yrs, 10.7% fall within the age bracket of
4.2.1 Presentation and Analysis of Data in Relation to Research Questions
Research Question I
Where 5= Strongly Agree, 4=Agree, 3 = Undecided, 2 = Disagree, 1 = Strongly Disagree
Statements 5 4 3 2 1 Total Mean
My firm spends a minimum amount N 92 81 19 17 33 242
to deliver the goods to the customer. (%) 38 33.5 7.9 7 13.6 100 3.75
My firm provides its goods with the N 83 86 19 17 37 242
right mode of transport. (%) 34.3 35.5 7.9 7 15.3 100 3.67
My firm deploys an electronic N 100 93 13 13 23 242
system to track goods delivered to (%) 41.3 38.4 5.4 5.4 9.5 100 3.97
the customer.
The cost of material handling has N 99 92 11 14 26 242
greatly been reduced due to (%) 42.9 38 4.5 5.8 10.7 100 3.93
effective logistics management.
My firm maintains quick delivery of N 98 93 15 16 20 242
raw materials and finished products. (%) 40.5 38.4 6.2 6.6 8.3 100 3.96

Source: Field Survey, 2024

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The first row in Table 4.3 above shows that the cost of material handling has
that the mean value is 3.75. This implies greatly been reduced due to effective
that the majority of the respondents logistics management. The fifth row
agreed their firms spend a minimum shows that the mean value is 3.96. This
amount to deliver the goods to the revealed that the majority of the
customer. The fourth row indicates that respondents strongly agreed that their firms
the mean value is 3.93. This revealed that maintain quick delivery of raw materials
most of the respondents strongly agreed and finished products.

Research Question II
Table 4.4: What is the effect of inventory management on profit optimisation?

Statements 5 4 3 2 1 Total Mean

My firm maintains sufficient N 121 81 7 13 20 242
documentation of inventory to
Enable efficient inventory control. (%) 50.0 33.5 2.9 5.4 8.3 100.0 4.12

My firm prioritizes inventory N 127 74 11 11 19 242

Optimization to
guaranteeprofitabili (%) 52.5 30.6 4.5 4.5 7.9 100.0 4.15
ty.

N 122 74 15 12 19 242
My firm has sufficient policy
guidelines to oversee the utilisation
(%) 50.4 30.6 6.2 5.0 7.9 100.0 4.11
of inventory products inside the
business.
To avoid excess inventory, my firm N 132 73 10 11 16 242
uses best practices such as JIT and
quick customers response. (%) 54.5 30.2 4.1 4.5 6.6 100.0 4.21

My firm has an efficient inventory N 141 80 11 1 9 242

planning systems and control
procedures. (%) 58.3 33.1 4.5 0.4 3.7 100.0 4.42

Source: Field Survey, 2024

The first row in Table 4.4 above shows prioritize inventory optimization to
that the mean value is 4.12. This implies guarantee profitability.
that the majority of the respondents The third row shows that the mean value is
agreed that their firms maintain sufficient 4.11. This implies that the majority of the
documentation of inventory to enable respondents strongly agreed that their
efficient inventory control. firms have sufficient policy guidelines to
oversee the utilisation of inventory
The second row shows that the mean value products inside the business.
is 4.15. This implies that most of the The fourth row indicates that the mean
respondents agreed that their firms value is 4.21. This revealed that most of
the respondents strongly agreed that to

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avoid excess inventory, their firms use best respondents agreed that their firms have
practices such as JIT and quick customer efficient inventory planning systems and
response. control procedures.
The fifth row shows that the mean value is
4.42. This revealed that the majority of the

Research Question III

Table 4.5: What is the effect of information flow management on operational efficiency?

Statements 5 4 3 2 1 Total Mean

Informationflowsbetween N 141 78 8 3 12 242

inventory,purchasing, marketing,
4.38
and distribution divisions are (%) 58.3 32.2 3.3 1.2 5.0 100.0
emphasized in my firm.

Using information technology, my N 130 80 13 10 9 242

firm exchanges data with its main
4.29
suppliers which facilitates business (%) 53.7 33.1 5.4 4.1 3.7 100.0
operations.

My firm maintains an integrated N 139 80 10 2 9 242 4.41

information system with key 4.41
(%) 57.4 33.9 4.1 0.8 3.7 100.0
partners in the logistics process.
ExchangebetweenInformation
N 85 76 22 21 38
supply chain partners and my firm
15.
is (%) 35.1 31.4 9.1 8.7 100.0 3.62
7
timely and accurate.

N 86 86 18 20 32 242
My firm maintains adequate 13.
(%) 35.5 35.5 7.4 8.3 100.0 3.72
information flow in the 2
logisticsprocess.

Source: Field Survey, 2024

The first row in Table 4.5 above shows The third row shows that the mean value is
that the mean value is 4.38. This implies 4.41. This implies that the majority of the
that the majority of the respondents agreed respondents strongly agreed that their
that information flows between inventory, firms maintain integrated information
purchasing, marketing, and distribution systems with key partners in the logistics
divisions are emphasized in their firms. process.
The fourth row indicates that the mean
The second row shows that the mean value value is 3.62. This revealed that most of
is 4.29. This implies that most of the the respondents strongly agreed that
respondents agreed that by using information exchange between supply
information technology, their firms chain partners and their firms is timely and
exchange data with their main suppliers accurate.
which facilitates business operations.

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The fifth row shows that the mean value is than 0.05 (p<0.05) level of significance,
3.72. This revealed that the majority of the the null hypothesis is rejected and when P
respondents strongly agreed that their firms value is greater than 0.05 (p>0.05) level of
maintain adequate information flow in the significance, the null hypothesis is
logistics process. accepted.

4.3 Test of Hypotheses: Hypothesis One

The hypotheses developed in the study H0: Transportation management has no
were tested using linear regression significant effect on delivery speed
analysis. The condition for testing each of
the hypotheses is that when P value is less
Table 4.6a Model Summary
Std. Error

Model R R² Adjusted R² (SE)

a
1 0.605 0.366 0.364 0.53366
a. Predictors: (Constant), Transportation Management
a
Table 4.6b ANOVA
Model Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.
b
1 Regression 39.482 1 39.482 138.637 0.000
Residual 68.349 240 0.285
Total 107.831 241
a. Dependent Variable: Delivery Speed.
b. Predictors: (Constant), Transportation Management
a
Table 4.6c Coefficients
Unstandardized Standardized

Coefficients Coefficients T Sig.

Model B Std. Error Beta
(Constant) 2.769 0.151 18.310 0.001
Transportation Management 0.380 0.032 0.605 11.774 0.000
a. Dependent Variable: Delivery Speed

close examination of Table 4.6a above 63.4% could be explained by other variables
indicates that r = 0.605, p < 0.05. This is an not included in the model. The Standard
indication that there is a strong positive and Error of the Estimate = 0.533 which
significant relationship between indicates a strong accuracy in prediction of
transportation management and delivery the output.
2
speed. The R value of 0.366 indicates that
about 36.6% of the variations in delivery Table 4.6b shows that the measures of
speed were due to the variations in significance for the overall model (F =
transportation management. This implies 138.637; Sig. = 0.001) which is less than
that 36.6% of the variations that occur in the significant level (p < 0.05), indicates
delivery speed can be explained by the that the model is statistically significant.
transportation management. The balance of Therefore, we re-state that transportation

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management has a significant effect on management on delivery speed is

delivery speed. significant since the p-value < 0.05 level
of significance (0.000). Thus, the study
Table 4.6c presents the coefficient of the rejected the null hypothesis, and the
independent variable. The coefficient of alternate hypothesis which states that
transportation management (0.380) transportation management has a positive
suggests that transportation management and significant effect on delivery speed
has a strong positive effect on delivery was accepted.
speed. In addition, the probability and t-
statistics value of 11.774 further suggest
that the effect of transportation

Hypothesis Two
H0: Inventory management has no significant effect on profit optimisation.
Table 4.7a Model Summary Std. Error

Model R R² Adjusted R² (SE)

a
1 0.811 0.658 0.657 0.39204
a. Predictors: (Constant), Inventory Management

Table 4.7b
Model Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.
b
1 Regression 70.945 1 70.945 461.604 0.000
Residual 36.886 240 0.154
Total 107.831 241
a. Dependent Variable: Profit Optimisation.
b. Predictors: (Constant), Inventory Management
Table 4.7c
Standardized

Coefficients T Sig.
Model B Std. Error Beta
(Constant) 1.528 0.141 10.854 0.000
Inventory Management 0.668 0.031 0.811 21.485 0.000
a. Dependent Variable: Cost Minimisation
explained by inventory management. The
Close examination of table 4.7a above balance of 34.2% could be explained by
indicates that r = 0.811, p < 0.05. This is an other variables not included in the model.
indication that there is a strong positive and The Standard Error of the Estimate = 0.392
significant relationship between the which indicates a strong accuracy in
inventory management and profit prediction of the output.
2
optimisation. The R value of 0.658 Table 4.7b shows that the measures of
indicates that about 65.8% of the variations significance for the overall model (F =
in profit optimisation were due to the 461.604; Sig. = 0.001) which is less than
variations in the inventory management. the significant level (p < 0.05), indicates
This implies that 65.8% of the variations that the model is statistically significant.
that occur in profit optimisation can be Therefore, we re-state that inventory

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management has a significant effect on that inventory management has a strong

profit optimisation. positive effect on profit optimisation. In
addition, the probability and t-statistics
Table 4.7c presents the coefficient of the value of 21.
independent variable. The coefficient of
inventory management (0.668) suggests
Hypothesis Three
H0: information flow management has no significant effect on operational efficiency.

Table 4.8a Model Summary Std. Error

Model R R² Adjusted R² (SE)
a
1 0.796 0.634 0.633 0.40544
a. Predictors: (Constant), Information Flow Management

Table 4.8b
Model Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.
b
1 Regression 68.380 1 68.380 415.992 0.000
Residual 39.451 240 0.164
Total 107.831 241
a. Dependent Variable: Operational Efficiency.
b. Predictors: (Constant), Information Flow Management
a
Table 4.8c Coefficient s

Unstandardized Standardized

Coefficients Coefficients T Sig.

Model B Std. Error Beta
(Constant) 1.656 0.142 11.667 0.000
Information Flow Management 0.640 0.031 0.796 20.396 0.000
a. Dependent Variable: Operational Efficiency

A close examination of table 4.8a above 0.405 which indicates a strong accuracy in
indicates that r = 0.796, p < 0.05. This is prediction of the output.
an indication that there is a strong positive Table 4.7b shows that the measures of
and significant relationship between the significance for the overall model (F =
information flow management and 415.992; Sig. = 0.001) which is less than
2
operational efficiency. The R value of the significant level (p < 0.05), indicates
0.634 indicates that about 63.4% of the that the model is statistically significant.
variations in operational efficiency were Therefore, we re-state that information
due to the variations in the information flow management has a significant effect
flow management. This implies that on operational efficiency.
63.4% of the variations that occur in
Table 4.7c presents the coefficient of the
operational efficiency can be explained by
independent variable. The coefficient of
the information flow management. The
information flow management (0.640)
balance of 36.6% could be explained by
suggests that information flow
other variables not included in the model.
management has a strong positive effect on
The Standard Error of the Estimate = . operational efficiency. In addition, the
probability and t-statistics value of 20.396

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further suggest that the effect of firms. The finding is also backed by
information flow management on Amanuel (2022) who revealed that the
operational efficiency is significant since organization has a strong practice of the
the p-value < 0.05 level of significance logistical elements of inventory
(0.000). Thus, the study rejected the null management, customer service, warehouse
hypothesis, and the alternate hypothesis management, supply management, and
which states that information flow transportation management, which are
management has a positive and significant positively associated with company
effect on operational efficiency was performance and significantly affect the
accepted. company's performance. Edim and Inyang
(2022) found that management of order
4.4 Discussion of findings: processing, transportation, inventory, and
The study deployed linear regression warehousing had a considerable beneficial
analysis for the test of hypotheses in a bid impact on the marketing success of SME
to achieve the study’s objectives. production enterprises.
However, several findings were arrived at,
which are in line with previous studies. All More so, the study’s findings revealed that
the null hypotheses tested were rejected inventory management has a positive and
with p-values less than the significant level significant effect on profit optimisation. The
of 0.05. finding depicts that the studied firms had
efficient inventory planning systems and
the study’s findings revealed that control procedures to achieve the financial
transportation management has a positive objective of the organization. To enhance
and significant effect on delivery speed. their profitability, the firms ensure that
This finding depicts that the firms excess inventory is avoided through the
understudied maintain quick delivery of application of best practices such as just in
time system and quick customer response.
raw materials and finished products to
The inventory optimisation is prioritized and
achieve customer satisfaction. The
inventory documentation is maintained to
application of effective transportation achieve profit optimization. To minimize the
management in the firms minimizes the cost of inventory in the surveyed firms,
cost associated with product delivery to the sufficient policy guidelines are put in place
customer. The finding also indicates that to oversee the optimal utilisation of
the firms deliver their products with the inventoried raw materials for production.
right mode of transport and deploy an This finding is in line with Ajayi, Obafem,
electronic system to track goods delivered and Araoye (2021) which revealed a
to the customer. This ensures that the favourable and insignificant association
products are delivered to the customer at between return on investment and efficient
the right quantity and time. By inventory control technique. Musyok and
implication, the firms enhance their Ngugi (2021) also support the finding by
competitiveness in terms of the delivery revealing that inventory management
speed of products to the customers which significantly and favourably affects the
optimises their profitability in the long run. productivity of milk processing businesses.
This finding corroborates with Omoush In the same vein, Sonko and Akinlabi (2020)
(2022) by revealing that logistic found that inventory management had a
management methods significantly substantial impact on the profitability of a
improve each of its dimensions group of food and beverage manufacturers.
(warehousing, inventory management, Orga and Mbah (2017) found a strong link
between effective inventory management
packaging transportation, and order
and organisational effectiveness, as well as a
process management) on the operational
strong link between inventory management
effectiveness of Jordanian road transport

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and organisational productivity and hypothesis one with a coefficient of

profitability. 0.380 and p-value < 0.05.
Finally, the study’s findings reveal that the
quality of information sharing has a positive ii. The study’s findings revealed that
and significant effect on operational inventory management has a positive
efficiency. This shows that adequate and significant effect on profit
information systems linkages exist with optimisation. This is indicated in
partners in the supply chain. By implication, hypothesis two with a coefficient of
information exchange between supply chain 0.668 and p-value < 0.05.
partners and the studied firms is timely and
accurate which facilitates their marketing iii. The study’s findings revealed that
programs and optimises their operational
information flow management has a
efficiency and competitiveness in the
positive and significant effect on
industry. The finding also depicts that the
firms maintain an integrated Information operational efficiency. This is indicated
system with key partners inthe logistics and in hypothesis three with a coefficient of
ensure that information flows between 0.64 and p-value < 0.05.
inventory, purchasing, marketing, and
distribution divisions are emphasised to Conclusions:
achieve a competitive edge in the market. The study concludes that the firms
This finding isin line with Doyo (2020) understudied deployed logistics
who revealed that logistics management management practices (transportation
techniques had a considerableand management, inventory management,
advantageous impact on organisational information flow management) to improve
performance. The study also found that the performance of firms.
transport management, supply In addition, the study concludes that
management, warehousing/inventory transportation management has a positive
and significant effect on delivery speed. The
management, customer service, and
application of effective transportation
information flow management, practices
management minimizes the cost associated
may indicate how well a business would with product delivery to the customer and
operate. The finding is also supported by enhances competitiveness in terms of the
Alahmad (2021), who revealed that the delivery speed of products to the customers
amount of information sharedhas a which optimizes their profitability in the
favourable relationship with SC long run.
performance More so, the study concludes that inventory
management has a positive and significant
Summary of findings, conclusions and effect on profit optimization. The effective
recommendations application of inventory management
Preamble: prevents excess inventory and minimizes the
This chapter discusses the summary of major cost associated with inventory, which
findings, the conclusions made from the enhances the profitability of the firms.
findings, recommendations, contribution to
knowledge, areas for further study, and Also, the study concludes that information
limitations of the study. flow management has a positive and
significant effecton operational efficiency.
5.2 Summary of Findings Effective information flow management in
The summary of findings is as follows: the logistics process facilitates integrated
i. The study’s findings revealed that information systems between inventory,
transportation management has a purchasing, marketing, anddistribution
positive and significant effect on
delivery speed. This is indicated in

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divisions to enhance operational

efficiency. Contributions to Knowledge:
In addition to providing literature on
Recommendations: logistics management practices for would-
Based on the findings of the study and the be researchers, the study contributes to
conclusions drawn, it is sacrosanct for knowledge in the following areas:
firms in both the manufacturing and
service industries to give hid to the i. The study provides a perceptive of the
following relevant recommendations: dimensions (transportation
management, inventorymanagement,
i. The managers of manufacturing firms and information flow management) that
should frequently interact with their manufacturing firms use to
customers to set reliability facilitateperformance in the logistics
responsiveness, and other standards to process and this could provide a
achieve customer satisfaction. Thiswill framework of reference for other
help them to build a robust relationship manufacturing organisations to assess
with the customers and serve as a their performance in logistics.
means of expanding their customer base
and retaining existing customers. ii. This study proposed and tested a
logistics management practices (LMP)
ii. The managers of manufacturing firms model for the Nigerian manufacturing
should put in place efficient inventory sector that can facilitate quick delivery
planning systems and control of raw materials and finished products
procedures to achieve the financial to achieve customer satisfaction.
objective of the firm. They should
ensure that excess inventory is avoided iii. The study also contributes to and
through the application of best practices enriches the current studies in the
such as just in time system and quick existing body of knowledge on the
customer response. This will enable the application of LMP by identifying the
firms to minimize the cost of inventory critical activities
and achieve profitability. (transportationmanagement, inventory
management, and information flow
iii. It is expedient for the managers of management) that are relevantto the
manufacturing firms to maintain food and beverage firms for enhancing
integrated Informationsystems with key operational efficiency and competitive
partners in the logistics and ensure that advantage.
information flows between inventory,
purchasing, marketing, and distribution Suggestions for Further Study:
divisions are emphasised to facilitate The study put forward the following
operational efficiency and achieve a suggestions for further study:
competitive edge in the market. i. The study focused on two purposively
selected firms in the food and beverage
iv. It is expedient for manufacturing firms sub-sector of the Nigerian
to have a robust logistics management manufacturing sector. Further studies
practice to facilitate the flow of quality on logistics management should look at
materials from the supplier and finished the entire firms in the sub-sector to have
products to the market. This will enable a general view of the effect of logistics
the firms to achieve customer management on firm performance in the
satisfaction and enhance their sector.
competitiveness in the industry.

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