Information Technology Code 402 Class IX & X

Rising sea levels will cause flooding in coastal areas. Forests, farms, and cities face heat waves, heavy downpours and floods.
All these damage and destroy agriculture and fisheries. Diseases like allergies, asthma and infections outbreaks are
becoming more common.
10. How have human activities endangered animal species?
Humans are largely responsible when animals become extinct, endangered or threatened. Humans destroy precious
habitat—the natural environment of a living thing—when they fill swamps and marshes, dam rivers and cut down trees to
build homes, roads and other developments. Oil spills, acid rain and water pollution have been devastating for many species
of fish and birds. Humans have over hunted and over harvested species, leading to their endangerment, and often, extinction.
Habitat loss due to forest fires, deforestation, pollution, over killing and poaching has led to the extinction of rare animal
species.
11. Name a few endangered species.
Some endangered species are: giant panda, tiger, whooping crane, blue whale, Asian elephant, sea otter, snow leopard and
gorilla.
12. How is radioactive waste and Electronic waste dangerous for environment?
Radioactive waste is nuclear fuel that is produced after being used inside of a nuclear reactor. This is very dangerous and
remains this way for thousands of years. It must be handled in the right manner. Industries like mining, defence, medicine,
scientific research, nuclear power generation which produce by-products that include radioactive waste.
Electronic wastes include discarded electronic devices like old cell phones, computers, batteries etc. They degenerate very
slow and are hazardous.
13. What do you understand by the concept of green economy?
Human greed, heavy industrialisation, over exploitation of natural resources has brought the humans and environment to
the brink of destruction. Green Economy is an alternative vision for growth and development. Green Economy promotes
safer economic, environmental and social well-being. Green economy addresses low carbon emissions, efficient use of
resources, and social benefits. It improves social well-being, equity and reduces environmental risks.
14. Which problems does green economy address?
Green Economy can promote safer economic, environmental and social well-being. An inclusive green economy improves
social well-being, equity and reduces environmental risks. It is a viable alternative to today’s dominant economic structures,
which encourages waste, causes resource scarcities, and which are threats to the environment.
15. Explain briefly how we can achieve green economy?
Certain general steps that can be taken to achieve green economy are:
Political commitment: Government bodies should commit to the green growth path for economy. This could include better
research and development, resorting to innovative renewable technologies in industry.
Legal and regulatory framework: Policies for green regulatory systems to prevent climate change. Laws must be enforced
with heavy hand to eliminate the damages to environment.
Green policies: Policy makers should introduce mechanisms to prevent natural resource abuse. Government needs to
promote funding for entrepreneurs that provide innovative solutions to energy issues. Government needs to promote and
support green efforts in private industry.
Technology viability: Use public funds to support renewable technology.
Institutional setup: Institutional adjustments to adopt innovative solutions and attract new investments for clean energy,
biogas, windmills etc.
Test Your Knowledge
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. C 10. B

Subject-specific Skills
Unit 1: Introduction to IT-ITeS Industry
SESSION 1: Introduction
Exercise
1. What is Information Technology? How does it help in enabling various business services?
Information Technology (IT) encompasses 4 basic operations:

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1. Creating information
2. Managing information
3. Storing information
4. Exchanging information.
IT includes all types of technology used to manage information, such as computer hardware technology and various
software applications used to create, store and transfer information.
IT is an integral part of almost all modern businesses. Modern businesses run on computers, networks, communication
technology and information systems are essential parts of every business today. Every business, large, medium or small,
needs to invest in technology to compete. IT brings a variety of benefits to a business, like automating most business
operations, enhancing the customer relations, developing a business a relationship with potential customers. This helps in
reducing costs, improving efficiency, maximising profit, minimising waste, providing better service to customers,
supporting better relationships with key partners, and allowing customers to better guide the business.
2. What is BPO? List any of its 5 application areas.
Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) services allow executing business operations through an external service provider who
is not the part of the business system. BPO also comes under IT services as IT plays a very useful role in optimising the
business performance. The BPO industry is highly organised and hence various kinds of jobs are outsourced in India. India
has proven its expertise in last many years by reducing costs with firm control on the quality of the service. Some of the BPO
services are as follows:
1. Financial & Accounting Services.
2. Taxation and Insurance Services.
3. E-Publishing and web Promotion.
4. Legal Services and content Writing.
5. Multimedia & Design Services.
3. How is BPO different from BPM?
Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) services allow executing business operations through an external service provider who
is not the part of the business system.
BPM includes multinational companies, local i.e., Indian service providers and global inhouse centers.

SESSION 2: IT Applications
Exercise
1. How has IT influenced our daily life and work place?
In our daily life, we use air conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines, microwave ovens and many other appliances
using software. We can store and manage all the information about our important tasks, appointments, schedules and list
of contacts in a computer. Computer is, therefore, playing a vital role in our lives and we cannot imagine the world without
computers.
In offices, computers and software applications help in accomplishing a wide variety of tasks more effectively. In the
industries, where attention to detail, speed, and efficiency are important, such as assembly-line, automation is an essential
need and has become common. Web services and Office productivity applications form the basis of modern business.
2. How do computers help in managing a library?
Nowadays, many libraries are computerised. Each book has a bar code associated with it. This makes it easier for the library
to a keep track of library members, books and the availability of a specific book. Library management software is used to
issue and return the book. Each book in the library has a magnetic strip attached to it that is deactivated before the book
can be borrowed.
3. Write a note on how IT has impacted the education sector positively.
The students, teachers and educational administrators and every stakeholder in the education sector has been benefitted
by integration of IT in education.
ICT in the classroom: There are many ways in which the ICT is used for education in the classroom, such as
1. E-learning classrooms with digital learning content.
2. Smart-board presentations.

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3. Videos on science experiments and places difficult to reach like marine life, physiology of the body, space etc.
4. Image and video processing (creation and editing).
5. Desktop publishing of magazines and other documents.
6. Educational games and activities.
7. Computer based learning through educational disks.
8. Information search and analysis on the Internet.
Education — anywhere anytime: Any student in India can access the NCERT books online through the website
www.epathshala.nic.in or mobile app. Apart from this there are a variety of websites and mobile apps to access educational
resources on any topic. You can also contact a teacher/trainer via Internet to use WBT (Web-based Training). In this way
education has reached the far flung areas by reaching the unreached.
Teaching aids and media: ICT is used mostly as a teaching aid in schools to:
1. Use multimedia (pictures, animations, audio-visuals) to explain topics difficult to explain.
2. Make the lessons more engaging and interesting through interactive & animated presentations.
3. Organise lessons, lesson plans, worksheets etc. using the computer.
4. Collect and organise the information relevant to the subjects.
4. Write a brief note on LMS.
Learning Management Systems (LMS) are used by several institutions to train students and enterprises to train their man
power. A trainees can register themselves on the official website to access LMS and can get many services from LMS. The
student can be benefited by using LMS, as it can be used to:
1. Follow lessons anytime, anywhere and by using any device.
2. Submit queries seeking clarity on any topic, getting replies, submit comments through forums.
3. Take part in the co-curricular activities via video.
4. Monitoring the progress and academic performance (usually by parents through parent login).
5. Discuss how IT has revolutionized healthcare sector.
ICT has revolutionised the health sector great deal. Patient Management Sub-System is used to maintain and manage
patients’ records. Hospital Management Module takes care of various activities pertaining to hospital administration. The
computerised machines are used for ECG, EEG, Ultrasound and CT Scan. The variety of measuring instruments and surgical
equipment are used to monitor patients’ conditions during complex surgery. Expert systems help in diagnosis. Health care
manufacturing companies use computers to aid the production of diagnostic tools and instruments. Laboratory and
dispensaries are equipped with advanced computerised machines. They are used in scanning and diagnosing different
diseases.
6. What is E-Governance? How IT has realized the vision of E-Governance?
The government makes use of advanced communication technology and large-scale computer applications in its daily
operations thus encouraging G2C (Government to Customer) e-governance practices. Digital India and e-governance
initiative of Government of India are best examples of this. Government and non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs). In
addition to this, International Government Agencies use ICT applications to communicate and provide various services to
the people and is called as e-governance. There are various official web portals of the Government of India for e-governance.
There are various advantages of e-governance. The Income tax department, sales tax department, preparations of voters
list, preparation of PAN card makes use of the computer system. Many government services are available online. Electricity
bills can now be paid online. The government uses electronic voting for elections, by replacing the traditional voting slip
and ballot box. People can enrol themselves in the electoral roll through the State Election Commission portal. Computers
are common-place in modern society, and tend to make previously laborious manual tasks of data entry much simpler and
quicker.

Assessment
A. Select the correct option. – 1 Mark each.
1. A 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. B

B. Answer the following questions. – 2 Marks each.

1. What is the basic difference between IT and ITeS?
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Information Technology Code 402 Class IX & X

Information Technology (IT) facilitates faster transmission of information in various fields catering to our requirements.
Based on IT is the Information Technology enabled Services (ITeS) sector which has not only changed our impression as
technology people on the international front but has also contributed to our nation’s economy significantly. In this session,
we shall explore the fundamentals of Information Technology (IT) and IT enabled Services (ITeS).
2. Name the 4 operations that IT encompass?
Information Technology (IT) encompasses 4 basic operations:
1. Creating information
2. Managing information
3. Storing information
4. Exchanging information.
3. How is data different from information? Explain with an example.
Computers take data and instructions as input, process the data as per the instructions given and produce the meaningful
results as output. This output is information. Data refers to the facts or raw material, which are processed to get the
information. For example, Number of items sold, unsold and returned in a shop is factual data of the stock in that shop. We
can draw various conclusions out of this data-set. This conclusion is information.
4. Explain ITeS.
Business services whose quality is improved by incorporating Information Technology in the business systems are called
IT enabled Services (ITeS). ITeS is also called web-enabled services or remote services that cover the entire operations
which exploit Information Technology for improving efficiency of an organisation. When business services are enabled, they
provide a wide range of career options that include opportunities in all enterprises and companies. ITeS is defined as
outsourcing of processes that can be enabled with information technology and covers diverse areas like finance, HR,
administration, health care, telecommunication, manufacturing, etc.
C. Answer the following questions. – 3 Marks each.
1. What are BPO services? How are they different from BPM?
Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) services allow executing business operations through an external service provider who
is not the part of the business system. BPO also comes under IT services as IT plays a very useful role in optimising the
business performance. The BPO industry is highly organised and hence various kinds of jobs are outsourced in India. India
has proven its expertise in last many years by reducing costs with firm control on the quality of the service.
BPO services are executed through an external service provider who is not the part of the business system while BPM
includes multinational companies, local ie Indian service providers and global inhouse centers.
2. What do you mean by LMS?
Learning Management System is a software or a web service that is used to create learning material, courses and training
content for various learners. It also allows the enrolment of students and empanelment of teachers or instructors. LMS is
used to manage courses, learners, trainers and the data related to them such as course details and schedules, learners’
performance in various assignments, tests and exams and registration and management of trainers. In this era of
information, LMSs have become standard tool to provide online training to the learners. The benefits of LMS include
centralised management of all the details related to courses, learners and trainers. This way, it is very economical. Today,
LMSs run on online platforms called cloud and can be accessed anytime, anywhere.
3. Discuss the advantages of BPO services.
BPO Service Industry is doing exceptionally well in India because of the following advantages:
1. BPO service providers in India invest in hi-tech hardware and software to deliver the best of services. They follow quality
checks to ensure error free and exceptional service.
2. Government of India is encouraging BPO Industry in India by providing necessary infrastructure and logistical support.
3. BPO Industry in India is highly developed and capable of delivering numerous types of BPO services in exceptional quality.
4. What is a BPM industry?
The organisations within the IT-BPM industry includes Multinational Companies which have their headquarters outside
India but operate in multiple locations worldwide, Indian Service Providers who have their headquarters in India while
having offices at many international locations and Global In-house Centers who cater to the needs of their parent company
only and do not serve external clients.
5. What is the role of IT in education?
Computers and Information Technology are extensively used in education for teaching-learning and assessment. The
software and hardware technology are used for creation and transmission of information in various forms including still
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Information Technology Code 402 Class IX & X

pictures, audio, video and animation to the learners. The learning becomes easier and accessible through IT. A lot of teaching
resources are available for teachers to teach in a better way. Online assessment helps to assess the students without any
bias. The students, teachers and educational administrators and every stakeholder in the education sector has been
benefitted by integration of IT in education.
6. Briefly discuss the role of IT in medical field.
ICT has revolutionised the health sector great deal. Patient Management Sub-System is used to maintain and manage
patients’ records. Hospital Management Module takes care if various activities pertaining to hospital administration. The
computerised machines are used for ECG, EEG, Ultrasound and CT Scan. The variety of measuring instruments and surgical
equipment are used to monitor patients’ conditions during complex surgery.
With the advancement in computer hardware and software technology, various high-tech machines are used in the
diagnosis and treatment of critical diseases. Using expert system, diseases can be diagnosed at the early stages and the
patients can be given treatment accordingly. Some of these machines are:
Computerised axial tomography Machine (CAT)
ECG—Electrocardiogram Machine
EEG (Electro-encephalography)
Blood Sugar Testing Machine
Blood Pressure Measuring Machine
7. How IT has been useful in Government and Public Services?
IT and ITeS has enabled the government top run most of its functions and operations using advanced ICT tools. Such a
government is called eGovernment and the mode is called eGovernance. Government uses advanced ICT tools to serve the
common people. Digitalisation of government platforms and websites is an example of this. This model helps in reaching
the unreached in remote areas easily and serve them better. The middle-men are removed and service becomes more
transparent and quicker. People can easily access and avail almost all the public services today in online mode using their
mobile devices and computers. Bills are paid online. Money transfers occur directly into the bank accounts of the
beneficiaries from the government accounts. This minimises corrupt practices and empowers people.
D. Answer the following questions. – 5 Marks each.
1. Discuss IT applications in certain major areas.
IT in education
Computers and Information Technology are extensively used in education for teaching-learning and assessment. The
software and hardware technology is used for creation and transmission of information in various forms including still
pictures, audio, video and animation to the learners. The learning becomes easier and accessible through IT. A lot of teaching
resources are available for teachers to teach in a better way. Online assessment helps to assess the students without any
bias. The students, teachers and educational administrators and every stakeholder in the education sector has been
benefitted by integration of IT in education.
IT in communication
Communication is used to convey messages and ideas, pictures, or speeches. A person who receives this must understand
clearly and correctly. Modern communication makes use of computer system, handheld devices and communication
network. We use computers for email, chatting, FTP, telnet and video conferencing.
IT in banking
Modern banking systems run on computers. Every activity of bank is now online. The customer’s data and transactions are
recorded by computers. Recurring deposits (e-RD), Fixed deposits (e-FD), money transfers (NEFT, RTGS), etc, are done using
Internet. Capital market transactions, financial analysis and related services are available in online platforms. Bank
customers use Automated Teller Machines (ATM) for cash deposits and withdrawal, or to view current balance.
2. How is LMS different from traditional way of training and learning?
Learning Management Systems (LMS) are used by several institutions to train students and enterprises to train their man
power. LMS is different from traditional learning system in that, uses can:
1. Follow lessons anytime, anywhere and by using any device.
2. Submit queries seeking clarity on any topic, getting replies, submit comments through forums.
3. Take part in the co-curricular activities via video.
4. Monitoring the progress and academic performance (usually by parents through parent login).
3. How do businesses and banks harness the power of IT?

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IT in business
Computers are used in various business enterprises for various operations such as payroll calculations, preparing
budgeting, sales analysis, financial forecasting, managing inventory and maintaining stocks. Transactions are done through
the internet (e-commerce). IT facilitates marketing, customer visit, product browsing, shopping basket checkout, tax and
shopping, receipt and process order. E-commerce offers services pertaining to processing inventory management,
transactions, documentation, presentations, and gathering product information. Smart cards, such as credit cards and debit
cards are used in shops. These cards have a metallic strip on which the user’s Personal Identification Number (PIN), and
account number is stored and can be read when it is passed through a special reader. Airlines use large-scale computer
applications for their reservations system, both in the airports and in central reservations call-centers. Other businesses
that have large-scale computing requirements are insurance claims systems and online banking, which both have large
numbers of users and operators interacting across a sophisticated system.
IT in banking
Modern banking systems run on computers. Every activity of bank is now online. The customer’s data and transactions are
recorded by computers. Recurring deposits (e-RD), Fixed deposits (e-FD), money transfers (NEFT, RTGS), etc,. are done
using Internet. Capital market transactions, financial analysis and related services are available in online platforms. Bank
customers use Automated Teller Machines (ATM) for cash deposits and withdrawal, or to view current balance.
4. Discuss the role of government in serving the masses using IT.
The government makes use of advanced communication technology and large-scale computer applications in its daily
operations thus encouraging G2C (Government to Customer) e-governance practices. Digital India and e-governance
initiative of Government of India are best examples of this. Government and non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs). In
addition to this, International Government Agencies use ICT applications to communicate and provide various services to
the people and is called as e-governance. There are various official web portals of the Government of India for e-governance.
There are various advantages of e-governance. The Income tax department, sales tax department, preparations of voters
list, preparation of PAN card makes use of the computer system. Many government services are available online. Electricity
bills can now be paid online. The government uses electronic voting for elections, by replacing the traditional voting slip
and ballot box. People can enrol themselves in the electoral roll through the State Election Commission portal. Computers
are common-place in modern society, and tend to make previously laborious manual tasks of data entry much simpler and
quicker.
5. Write a note on IT applications in general in our daily lives.
If we look around, we can observe the use of computer and Information Technology in various areas such as homes,
workplaces, in the modern service industries and in many other aspects our life. Personally, we use IT for entertainment or
amusement like listening to music, watching videos, playing games, doing office work and assignments, video chatting and
exchanging messages, managing daily plans, reading online books, paying utility bills, booking ticket for traveling, hotels,
shows, conducting bank operations, etc. The various application areas are business, banking, insurance, education,
marketing, health care, engineering design, military, communication, animation, research, agriculture and government.
A personal computer (PC) or a laptop is used to work at home along with entertainment such as to do household accounts,
play games, surf the web, use e-mail, create music, and pursue a range of other hobbies. They are also used to play games. It
includes action games, role playing games, puzzles and many more. A PC with a CDROM drive, sound card, and speakers can
play audio CD. A computer can be used from home to study a wide range of online training courses. Computers and digital
devices are now used for online shopping and e-commerce.
In our daily life, we use air conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines, microwave ovens and many other appliances
using software. We can store and manage all the information about our important tasks, appointments, schedules and list
of contacts in a computer. Computer is, therefore, playing a vital role in our lives and we cannot imagine the world without
computers.

Unit 2: Data Entry & Keyboarding Skills

SESSION 1 to 5

Assessment
1. Describe the function of any three keys of a keyboard under following categories.
a. Punctuation keys: Used to type punctuation marks. E.g., colon (:), single quotes and double quotes.

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