MATHEMATICS 10

QUARTER 1 - WEEK 2

Learning Competency: The learner determines arithmetic means and nth term of an arithmetic sequence
and sum of the terms of a given arithmetic sequence. M10AL - Ib - c - 1

LESSON 1: Nth TERM AND ARITHMETICS MEANS

The terms of an arithmetic sequence form a pattern. From this pattern, it is possible to develop a formula that
expresses each term of an arithmetic sequence in terms of the first term a 1 and the common difference d. If a1, is the
first term, then the second term is a 1 + d. The third term is a 1 + 2d, the fourth term is a 1 + 3d, and so on. The following
formula generalizes this pattern for any sequence.

The nth term in an arithmetic sequence is defined as

an = a1 + (n -1) d,
where a1 = the first term, n = number of terms,
an = the last term, d = common difference

Example 1. Find the 18th term in the sequence 7, 9, 11, 13, …

Solution: Determine first the value of a1, d, and n.
a1 = 7 , d=9-7=2 , n = 18
= 11 - 9 = 2
= 13 - 11 = 2

an = a1 + (n - 1) d, Applying the formula

a18 = 7 + (18 - 1) 2, Substitute known data to the formula
a18 = 7 + (17) 2, Simplify
a18 = 7 + 34,
a18 = 41 the 18th term.

Example 2. In the arithmetic sequence 8, 5, 2, - 1, … what is the 15th term?

Solution: Determine first the value of a1, d, and n.
a1 = 8 , d = 5 - 8 = -3 , n = 15
2 - 5 = -3
-1 - 2 = -3 \ d = - 3
an = a1 + (n - 1) d, Applying the formula
a15 = 8 + (15 - 1) -3, Substitute known data to the formula
a15 = 8 + (14) -3, Simplify
a15 = 8 + (-42),
a15 = -34 the 15th term.

Example 3. In the arithmetic sequence -3, 2, 7, 12, … which term is 52?

Solution: Given data:
a1 = -3 , an = 52 , d = 2 - (-3) = 5 , n=?
7-2=5
12 - 7 = 5 \ d = 5

an = a1 + (n - 1) d, Applying the formula

52 = -3 + (n - 1) 5, Substitute known data to the formula
52 = -3 + 5n - 5, Multiply 5 to each term inside the parenthesis
52 = 5n - 8 Simplify
52 + 8 = 5n, by APE
= , by MPE
n = 12 \ 52 is the 12th term of the sequence.
Example 4. If the 3 term is 11 and the 15th term is 47, what is the common difference?
rd

Sources: MATH BUILDERS Second Year MATH POWER (Intermediate Algebra II) 1
JO - ES Publishing House, Inc., pages 321 - 330 THE LIBRARY Publishing House, Inc., pages 325 - 333
Lydia T. Tizon (Author) A. O. Reyes (Author)
Solution: Given data: a3 = 11 , a15 = 47 , d=?

From the 3rd term to 15th term, the number of terms is 13, therefore n = 13.
an = a1 + (n - 1) d, The formula
Let a3 = a1 and a15 = a13 a13 = 11 + (13 - 1) d,
47 = 11 + (12) d,
47 = 11 + 12d,
47 - 11 = 2d, by APE
=
d = 3 the common difference.

LESSON 2: ARITHMETIC MEANS

The terms included between any two consecutive terms of an arithmetic sequence are called arithmetic
means. For example, in the arithmetic sequence 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22.
a. the arithmetic means between 4 and 22 are 7, 10, 13, 16, 19.
b. the arithmetic means between 7 and 19 are 10, 13, and 16.
c. the arithmetic means between 10 and 22 are 13, 16, and 19.

When the three terms form an arithmetic sequence, the middle term is the arithmetic mean. In the arithmetic
x, m, and y, m is the arithmetic mean. To find m in terms of x and y, we have:
second term - first term = third term - second term
m - x = y - m
m + m = x + y by APE
2m = x + y Add similar terms
m = by MPE
The arithmetic mean between the two numbers x and y is expressed by the formula
We denote arithmetic mean as AM.
The arithmetic mean between two numbers is the average of those numbers.

Example 6. Find the arithmetic mean (AM) between -8 and 24.

Solution: Apply the formula for arithmetic mean between two numbers.
AM =

AM = = = 8.

Example 7. Insert 3 arithmetic means between 5 and 25.

Solution: Since we are going to insert 3 arithmetic means, then there are 5 terms in the sequence. How it become 5
terms in all? Since we are going to insert 3 terms in the sequence, we have already 1 term as the 1 st term
and another 1 term for the last term. Find for the common difference (d).

Using the formula:

an = a1 + (n -1) d
a5 = a1 + (n -1) d
25 = 5 + (5 - 1) d
25 = 5 + 4d
25 - 5 = 4d
20 = 4d
d = 5.
To get the next term in the sequence is to add 5 to the preceding term.

The sequence is 5, 10, 15, 20, 25. The arithmetic means between 5 and 25 are 10, 15, and 20.

Example 8. If there are 14 arithmetic means between 25 and 85, find the 7th arithmetic mean.

Sources: MATH BUILDERS Second Year MATH POWER (Intermediate Algebra II) 2
JO - ES Publishing House, Inc., pages 321 - 330 THE LIBRARY Publishing House, Inc., pages 325 - 333
Lydia T. Tizon (Author) A. O. Reyes (Author)
Solution: There are 16 terms in the sequence, since there 14 terms between 25 and 85. Thus, a 1 = 25, a16 = 85, n =
16.

Find the common difference (d).

a16 = a1 + (n -1) d
85 = 25 + (16 - 1) d
85 = 25 + 15d
85 - 25 = 15d
60 = 15d
d = 4

We are looking for the 7 th arithmetic mean. The 8 th term in the sequence is 7 th arithmetic mean. Hence, we will
solve a8.
a8 = a1 + (n -1) d
a8 = 25 + (8 -1) 4
a8 = 25 + 28
a8 = 53 \ 53 is the 7th arithmetic mean.

Let us list down the sequence as:

25, 29, 33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53, 57, 61, 65, 69, 73, 77, 81, 85

The first arithmetic mean is 29. therefore, the 7th arithmetic mean is 53.

Example 9. Insert 6 arithmetic means between -20 and - 76.

Solution: Since we are going to insert 6 arithmetic means between - 20 and - 76, then there are 8 terms in the
sequence. Why 8 terms? It is because we are going to insert 6 arithmetic means, plus 1 term for the 1 st
term and another 1 term for the last term . Thus, a 1 = - 20, a8 = -76, n = 8. Find the common difference
(d).

Using the formula:

an = a1 + ( n - 1) d
a8 = -20 + (8-1) d
-76 = -20 + 7d
-76 + 20 = 7d
-56 = 7d
d =-8

To get the next term in the sequence is to add - 8 to the preceding term. The sequence is -20, - 28, -
36, - 44, - 52, - 60, - 68, -76.

Example 10. What are the 3 arithmetic means between 6.2 and 11?
Solution: a1 = 6.2 , an = 11 , n=5

Find for d.
an = a1 + ( n - 1) d
11 = 6.2 + (5 - 1) d
11 = 6.2 + 4d
11 - 6.2 = 4d
4.8 = 4d

d = 1.2 The sequence is 6.2, 7.4, 8.6, 9.8, 11.

The 3 arithmetic means between 6.2 and 11 are 7.4, 8.6, and 9.8.

LESSON 3: ARITHMETIC SERIES

Sources: MATH BUILDERS Second Year MATH POWER (Intermediate Algebra II) 3
JO - ES Publishing House, Inc., pages 321 - 330 THE LIBRARY Publishing House, Inc., pages 325 - 333
Lydia T. Tizon (Author) A. O. Reyes (Author)
 To keep him busy, a teacher of a German boy in the 16 th century made him add all integers from 1 to 100. To
the surprise of the teacher, the boy was able to add these numbers more quickly than expected. The boy presented hos
solution to this arithmetic series as follows.

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + … + 97 + 98 + 99 + 100
= (1 + 100) + (2 +99) + ( 3 + 98) + … (50 + 51)
= 101 + 101 + 101+ … + 101 (50 terms in all)
= (50 (101)
= 5, 050
That boy contributed other remarkable mathematical concept which made mathematics what it is today. He
was eventually named one of the three greatest mathematicians of all times by mathematics historians along with
Archimedes and Sir Isaac Newton. He was Karl Friedrich Gauss (1777 - 1855).
The indicated sum of an arithmetic sequence is called an arithmetic series. The lists below show examples
of arithmetic sequences ad their corresponding arithmetic series.
Arithmetic Sequence Arithmetic Series
5, 9, 13, 17, 21 5 + 9 + 13 + 17 + 21
-8, -2, 4, 10 -8 + (-2) + 4 +10

Arithmetic Series
The sum Sn of the first n terms of an arithmetic series is
Sn = or Sn =
where,
a1 = the first term an = the nth
term
n = the number of terms d = common ratio

The symbol Sn is used to represent the sum of the first n terms of a series. The first formula is used when the
first and the nth terms and the number of terms are known. The second formula is used when the first term, the
number of terms, and the common difference are known.

Example 1. Find S10 if:

a. a1 = 5 and a10 = 68 b. a1 = 5 and a10 = -7

Solution: The subscript of S indicates the value of n.

a. S10 = b. S10 = [(2)(5) +(10 - 1) (-7)]

= = 5 [10 + (9) (-7)]

= 5 (73) = 5 [(10 - 63)]
= 365 = 5 [-53]
= - 265

Example 2. Find the sum of the numbers from 1 to 50.

Solution: Substitute a1 = 1, an = 50, d = 1, and n = 50 in the formula for Sn.
Sn =

S50 =
= 25 ( 51 )
= 1, 275 The sum of the first 50 counting numbers.

Example 3. Find the sum of the first 50 positive even integers.

Solution: Substitute a1 = 2, an = 100 , and n = 50 in the formula for Sn.
Sources: MATH BUILDERS Second Year MATH POWER (Intermediate Algebra II) 4
JO - ES Publishing House, Inc., pages 321 - 330 THE LIBRARY Publishing House, Inc., pages 325 - 333
Lydia T. Tizon (Author) A. O. Reyes (Author)
 Sn =

S50 =
= 25 ( 102 )
= 2, 550 The sum of the first 50 positive even integers.

Example 4. Find the sum of the first 10 arithmetic series of 4 + 7 + 10 + …

Solution: n = 10, a1 = 4, d=3
Formula: Sn =

Sn = [2(4) + (10 - 1)3]

Sn = 5 [ 8+ 9 (3)]
Sn = 5 [8 + 27]
Sn = 5 (35)
Sn = 175

Example 5. Find d and Sn if a1 = 2, an = 402 and n = 26.

Solution:
(a) Find d. (b) To find Sn, use the formula
Formula:
an = a1 + (n - 1) d S26 = [ 2(2) + (26 - 1)16 ]
402 = 2 + (26 - 1) d Substitute the know data S26 = 13 [ 4 + 25 (16) ]
402 = 2 + 25d S26 = 13 [ 4 + 400 ]
402 - 2 = 25d S26 = 13 (404)
400 = 25d by APE S26 = 5, 252
d= by MPE
d = 16.
We can also use the formula Sn = (a1 + an) since a1 and an are given.

Sn = (2 + 402)
= 13 (404)
= 5, 252

Sources: MATH BUILDERS Second Year MATH POWER (Intermediate Algebra II) 5
JO - ES Publishing House, Inc., pages 321 - 330 THE LIBRARY Publishing House, Inc., pages 325 - 333
Lydia T. Tizon (Author) A. O. Reyes (Author)
 ACTIVITY SHEET - MATHEMATICS 10
QUARTER 1 - WEEK 2

Name: ________________________________________ Grade & Section: ___________________

Solve the following problems. Write your answer on the space before each item.

_____ 1. What is the 21st term in the arithmetic sequence 2, 5, 8, …?

_____ 2. Find the 7th term in the arithmetic sequence 5, 11, 17, 13, …
_____ 3. What is the 4th term in the arithmetic sequence where a1 = 5 and d = -3?
_____ 4. Find the 13th term in the arithmetic sequence if the 3rd term is 4 and the 5th term is 20.
_____ 5. In the arithmetic sequence 10, 15, 20, 25, … what term is 250?
_____ 6. Find the 10th term of the sequence -37, -34, -31, …
_____ 7. What is the 10th term in the arithmetic progression 0.2, 0.9, 1.6, 2.3, …?
_____ 8. Find the 30th term given he first three terms are 3, 10, 17, … in the arithmetic sequence.
_____ 9. Which term in the arithmetic sequence 1, 4, 7, 10, … is 49?
_____ 10. What is the 100th term in the arithmetic sequence 2, 4, 6, …?

Determine the arithmetic mean/s between the following. Write your answer on the space provided.

1. 9 and 49 _________ 3. 47 and 2 _________

2. 2 and 14 _________ 4. 6 and 60 _________

Solve the following. Write your answer on the space provided.

1. Insert 5 arithmetic means between - 4 and 38.

-4, _____ , _____, _____, _____ , _____, 38

2. Insert 4 arithmetic means between -16 and 23.

-16, _____ , _____ , _____ , _____, 23

3. If there are 14 arithmetic means between 10 and 70, find the 7th arithmetic mean. ________

4. How many even numbers are there between 200 and 430? ________

Solve the following. Write your answer on the space provided in each item.

1. How many even numbers are there between 50 and 100? _______
2. How many odd numbers are there between 5 and 75? _______
3. How many even numbers are there between 10 and 80? _______
4. How many odd numbers are there between 4 and 112? _______
5. How many multiples of 4 are there between 5 and 125? _______

Find the sum of the given terms of each arithmetic sequence.

Sources: MATH BUILDERS Second Year MATH POWER (Intermediate Algebra II) 6
JO - ES Publishing House, Inc., pages 321 - 330 THE LIBRARY Publishing House, Inc., pages 325 - 333
Lydia T. Tizon (Author) A. O. Reyes (Author)
 1. 125, 130, 135, 40, 145, 150 ______ 4. (-9) + (9) + (-9) + (9) + … 20th term ______
2. 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 ______ 5. (1) + (-1) + (1) + (-1) + … 25th term ______
3. 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48 ______

Solve each problem. Write your answer on the space before each item.

_______ 1. What is the sum of the number divisible by 7 between 50 and 200?

_______ 2. A well is to be drilled 30m deep. A contractor charges the owner ₱ 300 for the first meter and an
additional ₱ 100 for the next succeeding meter. How much will the owner pay?

_______ 3. In a pyramid building contest of tin cans, a contestant laid 20 tin cans at the base. If the next row
is 1 less than the row below, how many tin cans were used if there is just 1 tin can above?

_______ 4. An employer offers an expert with a beginning salary of ₱ 360, 000 per annum. If the salary is
increased ₱ 2, 000 yearly, what would be he salary on the 12 th year of the expert working with
the employer?

_______ 5. There are 28 logs in the bottom layer of a file of logs, 27 in the next layer, 26 are the next, and
so on to the top which has 1 log. How many logs are there in the 15th layer?

Sources: MATH BUILDERS Second Year MATH POWER (Intermediate Algebra II) 7
JO - ES Publishing House, Inc., pages 321 - 330 THE LIBRARY Publishing House, Inc., pages 325 - 333
Lydia T. Tizon (Author) A. O. Reyes (Author)