12/14/22

SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING IOT

Smart Irrigation System

*Pradeep Kumar Raut, **Bibek Yadav, ***Rizwan Ansari, ****Prajesh Shrestha
B.E Computer Science Engineering
Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology
Bangalore, India.

Abstract— A large amount of water is needed for agriculture. WSNs are regarded as one of the most promising
Due to insufficient rainfall, the demand for water cannot be met. contemporary technologies for enabling interaction between
With conventional irrigation systems, irrigated areas are either the real and virtual worlds by bridging the gap. A WSN is
under-irrigated or over-irrigated, which adversely affects collect made up of a collection of sensor nodes that are typically
growth and results in water waste. A system that can be positioned in a specific area to observe particular phenomena
automated is needed. By monitoring soil moisture and other in that area. Sensor hubs are little, independent, installed
environmental parameters, the proposed irrigation system aims gadgets that can communicate exact basic estimations and
to meet plants' water requirements. The system, which is based send and get information. They are outfitted with various
on the Things Internet, stores sensor data in the sky. An Android sensors that gather information from the nearby climate
application allows the farmer to remotely monitor and control all being observed. WSNs are utilized in target tracking,
of the water pumps over the Internet. It consists of a wireless resident monitoring, pollution detection, and precision
sensor node with an ESP32 CAM that uses a Wi-Fi module to agriculture [1] in both the military and civilian sectors.
send sensor data to the cloud and a relay to control the pump. An Based on ambient temperature and humidity, the proposed
automated irrigation system that prevents water waste in
irrigation system effectively regulates irrigation. This automated
precision agriculture is presented in the article.
system increases crop production, reduces farmer involvement in
Keywords— Android Application, Esp-32 with a camera, agriculture, saves time, facilitates remote monitoring and control,
Internet of Things, FDTI USB To TTL, Relay. and is simple to set up.
II. PROPOSED SYSTEM
I. INTRODUCTION
There are two components to the proposed system: transmitter and
In today's world, the biggest problem is the scarcity facilitator. The figure shows the transmitter module. One consists of
of water. Agriculture is a profession that requires a lot of a microcontroller-connected temperature-moisture sensor and a soil
water. Irrigation is the supply of water to cultivated land moisture sensor. The Esp32 cam, which serves as a Wi-Fi module,
as a supplement to rainfall. There are a variety of connects the microcontroller to the Internet [2]. Thing Speak, an
irrigation systems utilized. Irrigation systems are not open-source application for the Thing of the Internet is used to create
very effective at conserving water. Also, the kind of soil, channels. To send sensor data to an email and store it in the created
the crop, and environmental factors like temperature and channel and specified fields, Thing Speak offers an application
humidity all affect how much water plants need. The programming interface (API) key [3]. Using the HTTP protocol, the
ground is either over- or under-irrigated by conventional microcontroller collects the sensor values and transmits them to the
irrigation systems. Excessive water also has a negative
Thing Speak Cloud [4]. Fig.'s coordinator module 2 gets orders from
impact on plant growth because water scarcity hinders
plant growth and development. Due to variations in soil the Android BLYNK application over the Web. A Wi-Fi module
water storage capacity, water infiltration, and water connects it to the Internet and consists of a microcontroller and a
runoff, many parts of irrigated fields under the relay for motor control. By sintering semiconducting materials like
conventional irrigation system are either over- or under- polymers or ceramics, the sensors can achieve larger changes in
irrigated. Due to increased salinity, areas with excessive resistance with only small temperature changes. The resistance
irrigation suffer from poor plant health. In the soil's decreases as the temperature rises, as indicated by the "negative
pores, the air is displaced by excess water. Because of temperature coefficient" (NTC).
this, plant roots don't get enough air. Leaching can result
from this. Under-irrigated regions experience water
stress. As a result, effective water management is
essential to agriculture.
Time-consuming human intervention is required in
conventional irrigation systems. The Internet of Things
can now provide intelligent irrigation system solutions.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the ever-expanding
network of physical objects with an IP address for Internet
connectivity and communication with other Internet-
enabled devices and systems. Remote sensor
organizations (WSNs) have been investigated in different
fields and utilized in various application regions lately.

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SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING IOT

Fig. 1. Transmitter Module.

III. HARDWARE REQUIRED

A. ESP-32 with Camera
The ESP32-CAM is a microcontroller with all of the
Fig. 2. Esp-32
features, including an integrated video camera and a slot for a
microSD card. Because it is cheap and easy to use, it is ideal
for IoT devices that need a camera with advanced features like B. YL-69 Soil Moisture Sensor
image tracking and detection.
The hygrometer or moisture sensor YL-69 depicted in Fig.
You can make a web-based camera with a classy
3 is typically used to determine the soil's moisture content. As a
instrument panel using the sketch included in the Express
result, it is ideal for monitoring your plants' soil moisture or setting
sample software. The device is very simple to use once you
up an automatic irrigation system. There are two components to the
are comfortable with programming it.
sensor: the probe with two pads that measures the soil's water
The OV2640 camera module is included in the ESP32-
content and the electronic board. A power supply LED, a digital
CAM. OV7670 cameras are also supported by the device. The
output LED, and a built-in potentiometer allow the sensor to adjust
OV2640 hasthe following specifications:
the sensitivity of the digital output. The moisture affects the
sensor's voltage. The voltage is high when the soil is dry, and it is
➢ 2 Megapixel sensor
low when the soil is wet.
➢ Array size UXGA 1622×1200
➢ Output formats include YUV422, YUV420,
C. DHT11 Temperature Humidity Sensor
8-bit compressed RGB565, RGB555 data
The difficult temperature and humidity sensors, as well
➢ 15 to 60 frames per second for the image transfer
as the digital signal output of the calibrated DHT11, can be
seen in Figure 5. Its innovation gives high dependability and
legitimate security.

Fig. 3. YL-69 Soil Moisture Sensor

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SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING IOT

WORKING
The soil's moisture content and environmental
variables like temperature and humidity are read by the
microcontroller in the transmitter module. A notification
message is sent to the farmer through Gmail when the
values of the sensors exceed the threshold. The farmer can
control the relay that is connected to the coordinator
module via WIFI and the Internet using the BLYNK
application to turn on the water motor. A reminder to turn
off the motor is sent to the farmer once more when the
Fig. 4. Prob desired environmental parameters are reached.

A sense for wet NTC temperature gauges and a resistive

element make up this sensor. It is of high quality, responds
quickly, is noise-resistant, and is expensive. The humidity of the
air can be measured with a humidity sensor that has two electrodes
and a substrate between them that holds moisture. Therefore, the
substrate's conductivity or the resistance between these electrodes
changes when the humidity changes. This adjustment of
opposition is estimated and handled by the coordinated chip with
the goal that it tends to be perused by a microcontroller. These
sensors make use of either a thermistor or an NTC temperature
sensor for temperature measurement. Actually, a thermistor is a
variable resistor whose resistance changes with temperature.

D. FTDI USB To TTL Converter

A well-liked module that allows you to connect a TTL
serial communication device to a PC via a USB Miniport is the Fig. 6. Working
FT232RL USB to TTL 3.3V/5V FTDI Serial Adapter Module.
The board's jumper can be used to set the various output voltage
options for this converter module.
Through a USB port, connect the FTDI to your computer.
The ESP module's red led will turn on. The reset button is on the
side of the breadboard where the jumper wires are, and the
grounding button for the GPIO0 is on the other button.

Fig. 5. FTD USB To TTL Converter

Fig. 7. Android Application in auto mode.

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VIII. REFERENCES

1. Pantech solutions, technology beyond the

dreams. Smart Irrigation System using IoT
and cloud Kirtan Jha1, Aalap Doshi2, and
Poojan Patel. INTELLIGENT IRRIGATION
•
SYSTEM USING ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE
LEARNING: ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv.
Res. 6(10), 1493-1502Volume 4, 2020, Pages
58-73
2. Madhurima Bhattacharya, Alak Roy, and
Jayanta Pa, Smart Irrigation System Using
Internet of Things
jaJanuary021 DOI:10.1007/978-981-15-
6198-6_11In book: Applications of Internet of
Things (pp.119-129)
Fig. 8. Android Application in manual mode. 3. Neamet Akeel Fawzi, Ali Sadeq Abdulhadi
Jalal, Design and Implementation of Smart
IV. RESULTS Irrigation System Using Wireless Sensor
Network Based on Internet of Things,
The prototype of the intelligent irrigation system is
shown in Fig. 7 International Journal of Scientific &
Engineering Research, Volume 8, Issue 4,
A charge controller, a battery, an Arduino, an
Ethernet shield, a webcam, a relay, a soil moisture sensor,
April-2017 109 ISSN 2229-5518
a humidity sensor, and a DC pump are all part of this 4. M Gayathri1, D Arun Shunmugam2, A
project. A charge controller provides power to the ESP 32 Ishwariya3, Smart Irrigation System using IoT,
CAM, soil moisture sensor, moisture sensor, and DC pump IJIRMPS | Volume 9, Issue 3, 2021 ISSN:
from the battery. DC pump can be controlled with an ESP 32 2349- 7300
CAM and a relay based on the readings from the soil moisture 5. Nandhini1, S.Poovizhi2, Priyanka Jose3,
sensor and the moisture sensor. This information is taken
R.Ranjitha4,Dr.S.Anila5A,
care of in the BLYNK application and told through email
over the web utilizing Arduino and an Ethernet safeguard. Dr.S.Anila5A,ARDUINO BASED SMART
The ESP-32 CAM processes the webcam image before IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING IOT, 3rd
sending it to the user via email along with other images. National Conference on Intelligent
The figure of results which is in auto mode and the next in Information and Computing Technologies,
manual mode is shown in Fig 7 and 8 in the working part IICT ’17
above of the results. 6. Dr. S. Velmurugan1, V. Baaji2, T. Manoj
Bharathi3, K. Saavanan4, An IoT baseIOT-
VII. CONCLUSION based irrigation System using Soil Moisture
The goal of this project is to assist farmers and and Weather Prediction, Special Issue – 2020,
improve their crops. The engine's water consumption and International Journal of Engineering Research
power consumption can be reduced to save them for future & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181
use. It provides comprehensive and simple-to-monitor Publishedby, www.ijert.org ECLECTIC - 2020
field sensor monitoring. The user is informed about the Conference Proceedings.Arif Gori1, Manglesh
plants' environment and health status during image Singh2, Ojas Thanawala3, Anupam
4
processing. The project has been completed successfully. Vishwakarma , Prof. Ashfaque
Shaikh.International Journal.