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Quiz 2 - Yulia Alfi Sinaga

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37 views7 pages

Quiz 2 - Yulia Alfi Sinaga

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© © All Rights Reserved
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NAMA : YULIA ALFI SINAGA

NIM : 0701211034
KELAS : ILKOMP 6

QUIZ 2
1. Misalkan T adalah perkalian oleh matriks yang diberikan. Carilah basis untuk kernel
(T).
2 −3 4 0 −1
1 −2 −5 0 2]
[
−3 7 0 −1 6
4 3 −8 2 0
−1 4 −2
2. Carilah matriks P yang mendiagonalisasi matriks A = [−3 4 0 ]
−3 1 3
JAWAB
3 1
2 −3 4 0 −1 1 1 −2 2 0 −2
⁄2 𝑅1
1 −2 −5 0 2 1 −2 −5 0 2
1. [ ]
−3 7 0 −1 6 −3 7 0 −1 6
4 3 −8 2 0 [ 4 3 −8 2 0]
3 1
1 − 2 0 −
3 1 2 2
1 − 2 0 − 1 5
2 2 𝑅2 − 𝑅1 0 − −7 0 −
1 −2 −5 0 2 𝑅 + 3𝑅 2 2
−3 7 0 −1 6 3 1
5 9
𝑅 − 4𝑅4 0 6 −1
[ 4 3 −8 2 0 ] 4 2 2
[ 0 9 −16 2 2 ]
3 1
1 − 2 0 − 3 1
2 2 1 − 2 0 −
1 5 2 2
0 − −7 0 − −2𝑅2 0 1 14 0 −5
2 2 5 9
5 9 0 6 −1
0 6 −1 2 2
2 2 [ 0 9 −16 2 2 ]
[ 0 9 −16 2 2 ]
3 1
1 − 2 0 − 𝑅1 + 3⁄ 𝑅2
2 2 2 1 0 23 0 −8
0 1 14 0 −5 0 1 14 0 −5
[ ]
5 5
9 𝑅3 − ⁄ 𝑅2 0 0 −29 −1 17
0 6 −1 2 0 0 −142 2 47
2 2 𝑅 − 9𝑅2
[ 0 9 −16 2 2 ] 4

1
1 0 23 0 −8
1 0 23 0 −8
0 1 14 0 −5
0 1 14 0 −5 1 17
[ ]
0 0 −29 −1 17 − 1⁄29 𝑅3 0 0 1 − −
0 0 −142 2 47 29 29
[0 0 −142 2 47 ]
23 159
1 0 0
29 29
1 0 23 0 −8 𝑅1 − 23𝑅3 14 93
0 1 14 0 −5 0 1 0 −
𝑅2 − 14𝑅3 29 29
1 17
0 0 1 − − 1 17
29 29 𝑅 + 142𝑅 0 0 1 − −
[0 0 −142 2 47 ] 4 3 29 29
200 1051
0 0 0 −
[ 29 29 ]
23 159 23 159
1 0 0 1 0 0
29 29 29 29
14 93 14 93
0 1 0 − 0 1 0 −
29 29 29 29
1 17 29 1 17
0 0 1 − − 0 0 1 − −
29 29 200 29 29
200 1051 1051
0 0 0 − 0 0 0 1 −
[ 29 29 ] [ 200 ]
Basis untuk row(T), yaitu {𝑟1 , 𝑟2 , 𝑟3 , 𝑟4 } dimana 𝑟1 = [1, 0, 0, − 23⁄29 , 159⁄29], 𝑟2

= [0, 1, 0, − 14⁄29 , 93⁄29], 𝑟3 = [0, 0, 1, 1⁄29 , − 17⁄29], 𝑟4 =


[0, 0, 0, 1, − 1051⁄200]

1 0 0
Basis untuk col(T) yaitu {𝑐1 , 𝑐2, 𝑐3 , 𝑐4 } dimana 𝑐1 = [0]; 𝑐2 = [1] ; 𝑐3 = [0] ; 𝑐4 =
0 0 1
0 0 0
23
− ⁄29
− 14⁄29
1⁄
29
[ 1 ]
Kernel(T) = Tx = 0, yaitu
23 159
1 0 0
29 29 𝑥1
14 93 0
0 1 0 − 𝑥2
29 29 𝑥3 = [0]
1 17 𝑥 0
0 0 1 − − 4
29 29 [𝑥5 ] 0
1051
0 0 0 1 −
[ 200 ]
23 159
𝑥1 + 𝑥4 + 𝑥 =0
29 29 5
2
14 93
𝑥2 − 𝑥4 + 𝑥5 = 0
29 29
1 17
𝑥3 − 𝑥4 − 𝑥5 = 0
29 29
1051
𝑥1 − 𝑥 =0
200 5
Misalkan 𝑥4 = s dan 𝑥5 = t, maka
23 159 23 159 23 159
𝑥1 + 29 𝑥4 + 𝑥5 = 0 → Maka 𝑥1 = − 29 𝑥4 − 𝑥5 = − 29 𝑠 − 𝑡
29 29 29
14 93 14 93 14 93
𝑥2 − 29 𝑥4 + 29 𝑥5 = 0 → Maka 𝑥2 = 29 𝑥4 − 29 𝑥5 = 29 𝑠 − 29 𝑡
1 17 1 17 1 17
𝑥3 − 29 𝑥4 − 29 𝑥5 = 0 → Maka 𝑥3 == 29 𝑥4 + 29 𝑥5 = + 29 𝑠 + 29 𝑡
1051 1051
𝑥4 − 𝑥5 = 0 → Maka 𝑠 − 𝑡=0
200 200
23 159
− 29 𝑠 − 𝑡
29
14 93
𝑠 − 29 𝑡
29
𝑥 𝜖 kernel(T), maka 𝑥 = 1 17 , dimana 𝑠, 𝑡 𝜖 R
𝑠 + 29 𝑡
29
𝑠
[ 𝑡 ]
23 159
− −
29 29
14 93

𝑥 = 𝑠 29 + 𝑡 29
1 17
29 29
1 0
[ 0 ] [ 1 ]
23 23 1 159 93 17
Sehingga basis bagi kernel(T) adalah {(− 29 , − 29 , 29 , 1, 0) , (− , − 29 , 29 , 0, 1 )}
29

2. Bentuk 𝜆𝐼 − 𝐴, yaitu
1 0 0 −1 4 2 𝜆 + 1 −4 2
(𝜆𝐼 − 𝐴) = 𝜆 [0 1 0] − [ −3 4 0] = [ 3 𝜆−4 0 ]
0 0 1 −3 1 3 3 −1 𝜆 − 3
𝜆 + 1 −4 2 𝜆 + 1 −4
|𝜆𝐼 − 𝐴| = | 3 𝜆−4 0 | 3 𝜆 − 4|
3 −1 𝜆 − 3 3 −1
= [(𝜆 + 1)(𝜆 − 4)(𝜆 − 3) + (−4) × 0 × 3 + 2 × 3 × (−1)] −
[3 × (𝜆 − 4) × 2 + (−1) × 0 × (𝜆 + 1) + (𝜆 − 3) × 3 × (−4)]
= 11𝜆 − 6+𝜆3 − 6𝜆2
= 𝜆3 − 6𝜆2 + 11𝜆 − 6

3
2 1 −6 11 −6
2 −8 6
1 −4 3 0
(𝜆 − 2)(𝜆2 − 4𝜆 + 3) = 0
(𝜆 − 2)(𝜆 − 3)(𝜆 − 1) = 0
Akar – akar persamaannya adalah 𝜆1 = 1; 𝜆2 = 2; 𝜆3 = 3
Vektor eigen x dari A diperoleh dari
(𝜆𝐼 − 𝐴)𝑥 = 0
𝜆 + 1 −4 2 𝑥1 0
[ 3 𝜆−4 𝑥
0 ] [ 2 ] = [0 ]
3 −1 𝜆 − 3 𝑥3 0
-Untuk 𝜆 = 1, diperoleh SPL
1+1 −4 2 𝑥1 0
[ 3 1−4 𝑥
0 ] [ 2 ] = [0]
3 −1 1 − 3 𝑥3 0
2 −4 2 𝑥1 0
[3 −3 0 ] [𝑥2 ] = [0]
3 −1 −2 𝑥3 0
 3𝑥1 − 3𝑥2 = 0
3𝑥1 = 3𝑥2 → Misal 𝑥2 = 𝑡
𝑥1 = 𝑡
 2𝑥1 − 4𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 = 0
2𝑥3 = −2𝑥1 + 4𝑥2
2𝑥3 = 2𝑡
𝑥3 = 𝑡
𝑥1 𝑡 1
[𝑥2 ] = [𝑡] = 𝑡 [1]
𝑥3 𝑡 1
Jadi vektor eigen untuk 𝜆 = 1adalah 𝑃1 = [1, 1, 1]
-Untuk 𝜆 = 2, diperoleh SPL
2+1 −4 2 𝑥1 0
[ 3 2−4 𝑥
0 ] [ 2 ] = [0]
3 −1 2 − 3 𝑥3 0
3 −4 2 𝑥1 0
[3 −2 0 ] [ 𝑥2 ] = [ 0]
3 −1 −1 3 𝑥 0
 3𝑥1 − 2𝑥2 = 0

4
3𝑥1 = 2𝑥2 → Misal 𝑥2 = 3𝑡
3𝑥1 = 6𝑡
𝑥1 = 2𝑡
 3𝑥1 − 4𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 = 0
2𝑥3 = −6𝑡 + 12𝑡
2𝑥3 = 6𝑡
𝑥3 = 3𝑡
𝑥1 2𝑡 2
𝑥
[ 2 ] = [3𝑡 ] = 𝑡 [3]
𝑥3 3𝑡 3
Jadi vektor eigen untuk 𝜆 = 2 adalah 𝑃2 = [2, 3, 3]
-Untuk 𝜆 = 3, diperoleh SPL
3+1 −4 2 𝑥1 0
[ 3 3−4 0 ] [𝑥2 ] = [0]
3 −1 3 − 3 𝑥3 0
4 −4 2 𝑥1 0
[3 −1 𝑥
0] [ 2 ] = [0]
3 −1 0 𝑥3 0
 3𝑥1 − 𝑥2 = 0
3𝑥1 = 𝑥2 → Misal 𝑥2 = 3𝑡
3𝑥1 = 3𝑡
𝑥1 = 𝑡
 4𝑥1 − 4𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 = 0
2𝑥3 = −4𝑡 + 12𝑡
2𝑥3 = 8𝑡
𝑥3 = 4𝑡
𝑥1 𝑡 1
[𝑥2 ] = [3𝑡] = 𝑡 [3]
𝑥3 4𝑡 4
Jadi vektor eigen untuk 𝜆 = 3 adalah 𝑃3 = [1, 3, 4]
∗ Matriks P yang mendiagonalisasi A adalah
1 2 1
𝑃 = 𝑃1 × 𝑃2 × 𝑃3 = [1 3 3]
1 3 4
∗ Mencari 𝑃−1

5
1 2 1 1 2
|𝑃| = |1 3 3| 1 3
1 3 4 1 3
=[1.3.4+2.3.1+1.1.3]-[1.3.1+3.3.1+4.1.2]
=12 + 6 + 3 − 3 − 9 − 8 = 1

3 3 2 1 2 1
[ ] −[ ] [ ]
3 4 3 4 3 3
1 3 1 1 1 1
𝑃−1 = −[ ] [ ] −[ ]
1 4 1 4 1 3
1 3 1 2 1 2
[ [1 3
] −[
1 3
] [ ]
1 3 ]
3 −5 9
𝑃−1 = [−1 3 −2]
0 −1 1
*Matriks Diagonal
3 −5 9 −1 4 2 1 2 1
𝐷 = 𝑃−1 × 𝐴 × 𝑃 = [−1 3 −2] [−3 4 0] [1 3 3]=
0 −1 1 −3 1 3 1 3 4

3 −5 3 1 2 1 1 0 0
[−2 6 −4] [1 3 3] = [0 2 0]
0 −3 3 1 3 4 0 0 3

6
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