Physics for Engineers 1 Lecture

Newton’s Laws of
Motion
MPS Department | FEU Institute of Technology
 Physics for Engineers 1 Lecture

Forces and
Free-Body Diagram
MPS Department | FEU Institute of Technology
 OBJECTIVES

▪ To describe the various effects forces have on an object

▪ To draw the free-body diagram to show relationships of various forces acting on an object
1. Types of Forces

2. Free-Body Diagram
https://sp.depositphotos.com/vector-images/law-energy.html?sorting=undiscovered
 Weight
▪ Weight is another word for the force of gravity
▪ Represented by an arrow pointing downward toward the
center of the earth
▪ Denoted by the symbol W

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/f http://zonalandeducation.com/mstm/physics/mechanics/f
orces-newtons-laws#normal-contact-force orces/weight/weight.html
 Normal Force
▪ A force of surface pushing back on an object
▪ It prevents the object from falling; it balances the weight of
the object
▪ Always perpendicular to the surface
▪ Not always equal to weight
▪ This is a contact force
No contact, no normal force
▪ Denoted by the symbol
FN or N
https://www.pinterest.de/pin/651685008559149756/
 Normal Force
N
floor
W W

N
W
 Frictional Force
▪ A contact force that opposes motion
▪ Usually proportional to the velocity
▪ Dependent upon the normal force; Dependent upon the two
surfaces in contact, through the coefficient of friction 
f = N
▪ Represented by an arrow parallel to the surface, opposite to
the direction of motion
▪ This is a contact force
No contact, no frictional force
▪ Denoted by the symbol Fr or Ff or f
https://sites.google.com/site/forcesvocab/friction
▪ Sliding Friction is the force that opposes the motion of two
surfaces sliding past each other.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Friction_diagram.png
 Motion
Friction

Smooth surface Rough surface

(Frictionless) Example: grass
Example: Ice
▪ Kinetic friction, denoted by fK, acts as an object slides
across a surface.
▪ Kinetic friction is a force that always “opposes the
motion.”

▪ Static friction, denoted by fS, is the force that keeps an

object “stuck” on a surface and prevents its motion
relative to the surface.
▪ Static friction points in the direction necessary to
prevent motion.
 Tension
▪ The force exerted by a rope, wire, cable, chain, cord, etc.
is called the force of tension
▪ Represented by an arrow along the rope, directed away
from the object
▪ Denoted by the symbol FT or T

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Tension-force-FBD-for-cable_fig1_318784556
 Tension

http://slideplayer.com/slide/253176/1/images/21/Tension%20examples.jpg
 Applied Force
▪ A contact force exerted on an object; a push or a pull

Push Force:
a type of force that separates objects

Pull Force:
a type of force that moves objects together
https://quizlet.com/25066526/conceptual-physics-ch-4-newtons-laws-of-motion-flash-cards/
http://www.mrwaynesclass.com/freebodies/reading/index01.html
▪ a graphical illustration used to visualize the size and
direction of forces acting on an object

http://physics.wku.edu/phys201/Information/ProblemSolving/ForceDiagrams.html
▪ FBD's focus on a single object (or a single system) only. This is the
meaning of "free" in free body diagram.
▪ FBD's are schematic. The body of interest is often represented as a
dot. They faithfully represent the directions of the forces acting on
an object, but they do not have to be a faithful representation of the
location of those forces or the body itself.
▪ All forces appearing in the FBD for an object must act on that object.
Forces produced by the object do not belong in its FBD.
▪ All forces appearing in the FBD for an object must be the result of
an interaction with another identifiable object.
Example 1:
Draw the FBD
Example 1:
Draw the FBD Answer: FBD
Example 2:
Draw the FBD

Smooth surface
Example 2: Answer: FBD
Draw the FBD
Example 3:
Draw the FBD

Smooth surface
Example 3:
Draw the FBD

Answer: FBD
Example 4:
Draw the FBD

Smooth surface
Example 4:
Draw the FBD
Answer: FBD
Example 5:
Draw the FBD
Example 5:
Draw the FBD
Answer: FBD
Example 6:
Draw the FBD

http://slideplayer.com/slide/11286280/
Example 6:
Draw the FBD Answer: FBD

http://slideplayer.com/slide/11286280/
Example 7:
Draw the FBD

Smooth surface

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-osuniversityphysics/chapter/5-7-drawing-free-body-diagrams/
Example 7:
Draw the FBD Answer: FBD

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-osuniversityphysics/chapter/5-7-drawing-free-body-diagrams/
Example 8:
Draw the FBD

https://www.zhihu.com/question/21664179
Example 8:
Draw the FBD Answer: FBD

https://www.zhihu.com/question/21664179
Example 9:
Draw the FBD

https://www.zhihu.com/question/21664179
Example 9:
Draw the FBD Answer: FBD

https://www.zhihu.com/question/21664179
Example 10:
Draw the FBD

Smooth surface
Example 10:
Draw the FBD
Answer: FBD
 Physics for Engineers 1 Lecture

Newton’s First and

Third Laws of Motion
MPS Department | FEU Institute of Technology
 OBJECTIVES

▪ To identify the conditions of equilibrium

▪ To predict the effect of unbalanced forces on the motion of objects
▪ To identify situations from daily life that can be explained with the help of Newton’s laws
of motion
1. Conditions of Equilibrium
2. Balanced Forces
3. Unbalanced Forces
4. Newton’s First Law of Motion
5. Newton’s Third Law of Motion
6. Examples of “Third Law” Pairs of Forces
▪ A zero acceleration is the fundamental characteristic of
an object in equilibrium

▪ Object is at equilibrium if:

✓ the object is at rest
✓ the object is moving with constant velocity
(same speed and same direction)
Object is at equilibrium if:
▪ The resultant force (NET FORCE) acting on the object is
zero
Fx = 0
Fy = 0

▪ The sum of the moments on the object is zero

M = 0
 The table, chair and book The bike rider is moving with constant
are stationary (at rest) velocity (same speed & direction)
weclipart.com/books+and+pencils+clipart http://tredromefloyd.org/murphy-harpst-miles-hope-bike-ride/
▪ Balanced forces do not cause change in motion
▪ They are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction
▪ Resultant force (Net force) equals zero

https://www.slideshare.net/rickaturner/balanced-and-unbalanced-forces-5408256
https://www.miniphysics.com/balanced-force.html
▪ Unbalanced forces always cause changes in motion
▪ Resultant force (net force) is not zero

https://www.slideshare.net/rickaturner/balanced-and-unbalanced-forces-5408256
Examples of balanced, unbalanced forces, and net force:

Balanced forces
Net force = 0
No motion

Unbalanced forces
Net force = 20 N, East
Motion toward East

Unbalanced forces
Net force = 2 N, West
Motion toward West
Horizontal net force = 0
Vertical net force = 18 N, South
Motion downward

Horizontal net force = 0

Vertical net force = 0
No motion
▪ Newton’s first law of motion states that:

“A body continues its state of rest or

of uniform motion in a straight line
provided no net force acts on it.”

▪ “No net force” means the body is at equilibrium

Newton’s First Law of Motion

An object at rest will unless acted on by

remain at rest… an unbalanced force.

An object in motion
will continue with
constant velocity…

unless acted on by
an unbalanced force.
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/573646071266387796/
 Law of Inertia

Inertia is the resistance of an object to a

change in its state of motion or rest.
Objects with greater mass have more inertia.
It takes more power to change their motion.

https://socratic.org/physics/forces-and-newtons-laws/newtons-first-law
Check you understanding:

Which of the following involve(s) a (non-zero) acceleration?

a. Increasing the speed of an object

b. Braking
c. Uniform motion on a circular path
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
https://www.assignmentpoint.com/
Check you understanding:

Which of the following involve(s) a (non-zero) acceleration?

a. Increasing the speed of an object

b. Braking
c. Uniform motion on a circular path
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
https://www.assignmentpoint.com/
Check you understanding:

If you are not wearing a seat belt and the car you are
driving hits a fixed barrier, you will hit the steering wheel
with some force. This is because

A. The force of the collision has thrown you forward.

B. The steering wheel has been pushed back toward
you.
C. You continue moving even after the car has stopped.
Answer:
Check you understanding:

If you are not wearing a seat belt and the car you are
driving hits a fixed barrier, you will hit the steering wheel
with some force. This is because

A. The force of the collision has thrown you forward.

B. The steering wheel has been pushed back toward you.
C. You continue moving even after the car has stopped.
Check you understanding:

If you stand on a trampoline, it depresses under your weight.

When you stand on a hard stone floor,

A. The floor does not deform under your weight; it is too stiff.
B. The floor deforms—very slightly—under your weight.
C. The floor deforms a slight amount if you are heavy
enough
Answer:
Check you understanding:

If you stand on a trampoline, it depresses under your weight.

When you stand on a hard stone floor,

A. The floor does not deform under your weight; it is too stiff.
B. The floor deforms—very slightly—under your weight.
C. The floor deforms a slight amount if you are heavy
enough
Check you understanding:

If you are standing on the floor, motionless, what are the

forces that act on you?

A. Weight force
B. Weight force and normal force
C. Normal force and friction force
D. Weight force and tension force
Answer:
Check you understanding:

If you are standing on the floor, motionless, what are the

forces that act on you?

A. Weight force
B. Weight force and normal force
C. Normal force and friction force
D. Weight force and tension force
Check you understanding:

A skydiver has reached terminal velocity—she now falls

at a constant speed, so her acceleration is zero. Is
there a net force on her? If so, what is the direction?

A. There is a net force directed upward.

B. There is no net force.
C. There is a net force directed downward.
Answer:
Check you understanding:

A skydiver has reached terminal velocity—she now falls

at a constant speed, so her acceleration is zero. Is
there a net force on her? If so, what is the direction?

A. There is a net force directed upward.

B. There is no net force.
C. There is a net force directed downward.
Check you understanding:

An object on a rope is lowered at constant speed. Which is

true?
A. The rope tension is greater than the object’s weight.
B. The rope tension equals the object’s weight.
C. The rope tension is less than the object’s weight.
D. The rope tension can’t be compared to the object’s
weight.
Answer:
Check you understanding:

An object on a rope is lowered at constant speed. Which is

true?
A. The rope tension is greater than the object’s weight.
B. The rope tension equals the object’s weight.
C. The rope tension is less than the object’s weight.
D. The rope tension can’t be compared to the object’s
weight.
 Law of Interaction
“For every action,
there is an equal and opposite reaction.”
According to Newton’s third law:
▪ Forces always come in pairs. That is, there are no
isolated forces in the universe.
▪ The forces in pairs are equal in magnitude and opposite
in direction.
▪ The forces in pairs act on different objects.
Interacting Objects

▪ An interaction is the
mutual influence of two
objects on each other.
▪ The pair of forces shown
in the figure is called an
action/reaction pair.
▪ An action/reaction pair of
forces exists as a pair, or
not at all. http://www.physics.gsu.edu/dhamala/Phys1111/chap4.pdf
Check you understanding:

An action/reaction pair of forces

A. Points in the same direction.

B. Acts on the same object.
C. Are always long-range forces.
D. Acts on two different object
Answer:
Check you understanding:

An action/reaction pair of forces

A. Points in the same direction.

B. Acts on the same object.
C. Are always long-range forces.
D. Acts on two different object
Check you understanding:
A mosquito runs head-on into a truck. Splat! Which is true during the
collision?
A. The mosquito exerts more force on the truck than the truck exerts on
the mosquito.
B. The truck exerts more force on the mosquito than the mosquito exerts
on the truck.
C. The mosquito exerts the same force on the truck as the truck exerts
on the mosquito.
D. The truck exerts a force on the mosquito but the mosquito does not
exert a force on the truck.
E. The mosquito exerts a force on the truck but the truck does not exert
a force on the mosquito.
Answer:
Check you understanding:
A mosquito runs head-on into a truck. Splat! Which is true during the
collision?
A. The mosquito exerts more force on the truck than the truck exerts on
the mosquito.
B. The truck exerts more force on the mosquito than the mosquito exerts
on the truck.
C. The mosquito exerts the same force on the truck as the truck exerts
on the mosquito.
D. The truck exerts a force on the mosquito but the mosquito does not
exert a force on the truck.
E. The mosquito exerts a force on the truck but the truck does not exert
a force on the mosquito.
The same force that is
accelerating the boy
forward, is accelerating
the skateboard
backward.
http://www.ipodphysics.com/force-newtons-third-law-of-motion.php
https://byjus.com/physics/newtons-third-law-motion/
There can be one or more “Third Law” pairs of forces in a
system:

A box at rest on a horizontal table

Earth - Table interaction

FBook

FEarth
A box at rest on a horizontal table
Book - Table interaction.

FTable

FBook
A box sliding down a smooth incline
Box – Earth interaction.

FBox

FEarth
A box sliding down a smooth incline
Box – Surface interaction.

FSurface

FBox
Other examples of Newton’s third law:

a. If one billiard ball hits another, the second will move

with the same force as the first.
b. A child wants to jump to climb a tree (reaction), he
must push the ground to propel himself (action).
c. A man deflates a balloon; the force with which the air
comes out causes the balloon to move from one side
to the other.
d. A fish makes use of its fins to push water backwards.
The direction of the force on the fish is forward.
e. The wings of the bird push the air downwards. The air
pushes the air upwards.
f. A swimmer pushes against the water, while the water
pushes back on the swimmer.
g. Rock climbers pulling their vertical rope downwards so
as to push themselves upwards.

https://byjus.com/physics/newtons-third-law-motion/
 Physics for Engineers 1 Lecture

Newton’s Second law

of Motion
MPS Department | FEU Institute of Technology
 OBJECTIVE

▪ To identify situations from daily life that can be explained with the help of Newton’s laws of
motion
1. Newton’s Second Law of Motion

2. Check Your Understanding

3. Examples of Real-life Situations of Newton’s Second Law of

Motion
▪ “When a net force acts on a body, it produces an
acceleration in the body in the direction of the net force.

▪ The magnitude of this acceleration is directly proportional

to the net force acting on the body and inversely
proportional to its mass.”
𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕
𝒂 =
𝒎
 mF
m F m F

https://mammothmemory.net/physics/newtons-laws-of-motion/newtons-second-
law--examples/newtons-second-law-examples.html
 a  1/m
m a m a

https://mammothmemory.net/physics/newtons-laws-of-motion/newtons-second-
law--examples/newtons-second-law-examples.html
Fa
F a

F a

https://physicsabout.com/newtons-second-law/
A. Rank the acceleration
(from highest magnitude)

B.

C.
Answer: C, A, B

A. A. Fnet = 9 - 3 = 6N
a = Fnet/m = 6N/2kg = 3 m/s2

B. B. Fnet = 9 - 3 = 6N
a = Fnet/m = 6N/3kg = 2 m/s2

C. 8N
C. Fnet = 8N
a = Fnet/m = 8N/2kg = 4 m/s2
Check your understanding:
Rank the acceleration (from highest magnitude)
A.

B.

C.
Answer: A, B=C

A. A. Fnet = 9N
a = Fnet/m = 9N/3kg = 3 m/s2

B. B. Fnet = 3N
a = Fnet/m = 3N/3kg = 1 m/s2

C. 8N
C. Fnet = 6 – 3 = 3N
a = Fnet/m = 3N/3kg = 1 m/s2
Check your understanding:

Consider a cart pushed along a track with a certain force. If

the force remains the same while the mass of the cart
decreases to half, the acceleration of the cart

a. remains relatively the same.

b. halves.
c. doubles.
d. changes unpredictably.
https://www.assignmentpoint.com/
Answer:
Check you understanding:

Consider a cart pushed along a track with a certain force. If

the force remains the same while the mass of the cart
decreases to half, the acceleration of the cart

a. remains relatively the same.

b. halves.
c. doubles.
d. changes unpredictably.
https://www.assignmentpoint.com/
Check your understanding:

Push a cart along a track so twice as much net force acts

on it. If the acceleration remains the same, what is a
reasonable explanation?

a. The mass of the cart doubled when the force doubled.

b. The cart experiences a force that it didn’t before.
c. The track is not level.
d. Friction reversed direction. https://www.assignmentpoint.com/
Answer:
Check you understanding:

Push a cart along a track so twice as much net force acts

on it. If the acceleration remains the same, what is a
reasonable explanation?

a. The mass of the cart doubled when the force doubled.

b. The cart experiences a force that it didn’t before.
c. The track is not level.
d. Friction reversed direction. https://www.assignmentpoint.com/
Check your understanding:

An object on a rope is lowered at a steadily decreasing

speed. Which is true?

A. The rope tension is greater than the object’s weight.

B. The rope tension equals the object’s weight.
C. The rope tension is less than the object’s weight.
D. The rope tension can’t be compared to the object’s weigh
Answer:
Check your understanding:

An object on a rope is lowered at a steadily decreasing

speed. Which is true?

A. The rope tension is greater than the object’s weight.

B. The rope tension equals the object’s weight.
C. The rope tension is less than the object’s weight.
D. The rope tension can’t be compared to the object’s weigh
Check your understanding:

Three forces act on a box on an inclined plane as shown in

the diagram below. [Vectors are not drawn to scale.] If the
box is at rest, the net force acting on it is equal to

1.the weight
2.the normal force
3.friction
4.zero
https://www.aplusphysics.com/courses/honors/dynamics/ramps.html
Answer:
Check your understanding:

Three forces act on a box on an inclined plane as shown in

the diagram below. [Vectors are not drawn to scale.] If the
box is at rest, the net force acting on it is equal to

1.the weight
2.the normal force
3.friction
4.zero
https://www.aplusphysics.com/courses/honors/dynamics/ramps.html
Example:

An 180-kg car has an acceleration of 3.8 m/s2.

What is the force acting on the car?

Solution:
F = ma
F = (1800 kg)(3.8 m/s2)
F =6800 N answer
Newton’s second law of motion examples
https://physicsabout.com/newtons-second-law/

1. What is the speed that a helicopter must have to stay in the air
2. The speed that a rocket needs to acquire in order to be able to go into
orbit
3. The calculation of the acceleration obtained by a stone in free fall.
4. Establishing what is the movement that the planet Earth makes
around the sun
5. Exerting force on a supermarket cart in order to push it
6. The force a golfer must exert in order for his ball to hit the hole
7. The force with which a soccer ball must be kicked in order for it to
change its speed
Example:
A powerful motorcycle can produce an acceleration of 3.50 m/s2 while
traveling at 90.0 km/h. At that speed, the forces resisting motion, including
friction and air resistance, total 400.0 N. (Air resistance is analogous to air
friction. It always opposes the motion of an object.) What is the magnitude
of the force that motorcycle exerts backward on the ground to produce its
acceleration if the mass of the motorcycle with rider is 245 kg?

Answer: Fnet = F – f = ma = 1.26x103 N

Problem 1:
The rocket sled shown below decelerates at a rate of 196 m/s2. What
force is necessary to produce this deceleration? Assume that the rockets
are off. The mass of the system is 2.10 × 103 kg.

Answer: Fnet = 4.12×105 N

Problem 2:
Two teenagers are pulling on ropes attached to a tree. The angle
between the ropes is 30.0° . David pulls with a force of 400.0 N and
Stephanie pulls with a force of 300.0 N. (a) Find the component form of
the net force. (b) Find the magnitude of the resultant (net) force on the
tree and the angle it makes with David’s rope.

Answer: 𝑎. 𝐹Ԧ net = 660.0 𝑖Ƹ + 150.0 𝑗Ƹ N

b. Fnet = 676.6 N at θ = 12.8° from David’s rope
Problem 3:

What is the deceleration of the rocket sled if it comes to rest

in 1.10 s from a speed of 1000.0 km/h? (Such deceleration
caused one test subject to black out and have temporary
blindness.)

Answer: a = 253 m/s2

Ling, Samuel J., et.al (2018). University Physics Volume 1.
OpenStax Rice University. Texas. Accessed at
https://openstax.org/details/books/universityphysics-volume-1

Mechanics: The Study of Motion. (February 2011). Accessed

at
https://scripts.mit.edu/~srayyan/PERwiki/index.php?title=Mod
ule_3_--_Tension_Force
Deposit Photos. Accessed at https://sp.depositphotos.com/
vector-images/law-energy.html?sorting=undiscovered

Khan Academy (2020). Physics Unit: Forces and Newton's

laws of motion. Accessed at https://www.khanacademy.org/
science/physics/forces-newtons-laws#normal-contact-force

Zobel, Edward A (2014). Weight. Accessed at

http://zonalandeducation.com/mstm/physics/mechanics/forc
es/weight/weight.html
Pinterest. Force Picture. Accessed at
https://www.pinterest.de/pin/651685008559149756/
Friction. Accessed at
https://sites.google.com/site/forcesvocab/friction

Polyvore (2012). A Friction Diagram. Accessed at

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Friction_diagram.png
Danesh-Yazdi, Amir (2017). Tension Force FBD for Cable.
Accessed at https://www.researchgate.net/figure/
Tension-force-FBD-for-cable_fig1_318784556
Slide Player. Accessed at http://slideplayer.com/slide/
253176/1/images/21/Tension%20examples.jpg

Quizlet: Conceptual Physics Ch 4 Newton's Laws of Motion.

Accessed at https://quizlet.com/25066526/conceptual-
physics-ch-4-newtons-laws-of-motion-flash-cards/

Wayne, Tony. Free Body Diagrams. Accessed at

http://www.mrwaynesclass.com/freebodies/reading/index01.h
tml
Western Kentucky University. Force Diagrams. Accessed at
http://physics.wku.edu/phys201/Information/ProblemSolving/F
orceDiagrams.html

Slide Player. The Laws of Motion. Accessed at

http://slideplayer.com/slide/11286280/

University Physics 1. Drawing Free Body Diagrams.

Accessed at https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-
osuniversityphysics/chapter/5-7-drawing-free-body-diagrams/

https://www.zhihu.com/question/21664179
weclipart.com/books+and+pencils+clipart

TRED (2020). Accessed at

http://tredromefloyd.org/murphy-harpst-miles-hope-bike-ride/

Turner, Rick (2010). Balanced and Unbalanced Forces.

Accessed at https://www.slideshare.net/rickaturner/
balanced-and-unbalanced-forces-5408256

Mini Physics (2020). Balanced Force. Accessed at

https://www.miniphysics.com/balanced-force.html
Pinterest. Newton’s Third Law. Accessed at
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/573646071266387796/

Sankarankalyanam (2018). Socratic Q & A. Accessed at

https://socratic.org/physics/forces-and-newtons-
laws/newtons-first-law

Sliderbase.com

https://www.assignmentpoint.com/
BYJU’S The Learning App. Newton’s Third Law of Motion.
Accessed at https://byjus.com/physics/newtons-third-law-
motion/

Newton’s Third Law. Accessed at

http://www.ipodphysics.com/force-newtons-third-law-of-
motion.php

Knight, et.al. (2015). College Physics: A Strategic Approach.

Third Ed. Pearson Education, Inc.. Accessed at
http://www.physics.gsu.edu/dhamala/Phys1111/chap4.pdf
Mammoth Memory. Newton’s Second Law Examples.
Accessed at https://mammothmemory.net/physics/newtons-
laws-of-motion/newtons-second-law--examples/newtons-
second-law-examples.html

Physics About (2020). Newton’s Second Law of Motion.

Accessed at https://physicsabout.com/newtons-second-law/

APlusPhysics (2017). Ramps and Incline. Accessed at

https://www.aplusphysics.com/courses/honors/dynamics/ra
mps.html
List of Videos and Simulations for Subtopic 1
Don't Memorise (June 5, 2017). Force | Free Body Diagrams | Physics | Don't
Memorise. Accessed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Bwwq1munB0

The Physics Classroom. Free-Body Diagram Exercises Interactive. Accessed

at
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/Physics-Interactives/Newtons-Laws/Free-
Body-Diagrams/Free-Body-Diagram-Interactive

Duffy, Andrew (Aug 16, 2016). Exploring the Normal Force. Accessed at
http://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/HTML5/normal_force.html
Duffy, Andrew (Aug 10, 2018). Exploring the Static Friction. Accessed at
http://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/HTML5/static_friction.html

Phet Interactive Simulations. Force and Motion: Basics. Accessed at

https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/forces-and-motion-basics/latest/forces-
and-motion-basics_en.html

Professor Dave Explains (Mar 3, 2017). Frictional Forces Static and Kinetic.
Accessed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3EbUa5ZDybg
List of Videos and Simulations for Subtopic 2

Amritacreate (Oct 8, 2014). Newton's First Law of Motion - Class 9 Tutorial.

Accessed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=erghLWXDScI

The Physics Classroom (Oct 7, 2019). Newton's Third Law. Accessed at

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0vvkhkGVi4

Legends of Learning. Boing! Newton’s Third Law. Accessed at

https://games.legendsoflearning.com/games/WyJnYW1lcyIsMzg3XQ==
Physics Dojo (Dec 5, 2015). Newton's First Law - Introduction with
Simulations. Accessed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J46bV-g90Ho

Veritasium (Feb 25, 2011). Best Film on Newton's Third Law. Ever. Accessed
at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8bTdMmNZm2M

Professor Dave Explains (Feb 17, 2017). Newton's First Law of Motion Mass
and Inertia. Accessed at
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1XSyyjcEHo0&t=141s
List of Videos and Simulations for Subtopic 3

Don't Memorise (June 15, 2017). Newton's Second Law of Motion | Physics |
Don't Memorise. Accessed at
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8YhYqN9BwB4

The Physics Classroom. Newton’s Law Concept Builder. Accessed at

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/Concept-Builders/Newtons-Laws/Which-
One-Doesnt-Belong/Concept-Builder

The Physics Classroom (Nov 5, 2019). Calculating Acceleration with

Newton's Second Law. Accessed at
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNEvRa2JFg8
The Physics Classroom. Balanced and Unbalanced Forces Interactive.
Accessed at
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/Concept-Builders/Newtons-
Laws/Balanced-Unbalanced-Forces/Interactive

The Physics Classroom. Forces and Motion Concept Builder. Accessed at

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/Concept-Builders/Newtons-
Laws/Force-and-Motion/Concept-Builder