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Computer Networks (CS 305) : Application Layer - Architectures

Computer Networks - concise explanations - L5

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Rounak Saha
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15 views

Computer Networks (CS 305) : Application Layer - Architectures

Computer Networks - concise explanations - L5

Uploaded by

Rounak Saha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Networks (CS 305)

Lecture 5
Application Layer – Architectures

Prepared by –
Dr. Soumen Moulik
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
National Institute of Technology Meghalaya
Introduction
— Core part of network
application development is –
writing programs that run on
different hosts and
communicate with each
other over the network
◦ Different applications –
Web, social networking, email,
multi-user gaming, remote login,
streaming video (YouTube), voice
over IP (Skype), P2P file-sharing
application (Torrent)
— Network-core devices do
not run user applications

Dr. Soumen Moulik, Dept. of CSE, NIT Meghalaya


Introduction
— Network applications and application-layer protocols
reside in application layer
— Different protocols applicable to this layer:
◦ DNS: translation of human-friendly names for Internet hosts
◦ HTTP: provides for Web document request and transfer
◦ FTP: provides for the transfer of files between two end systems
◦ SMTP: provides for the transfer of e-mail messages
— The packet of information at this layer: Message

Dr. Soumen Moulik, Dept. of CSE, NIT Meghalaya


Application Architecture
— Client-Server
◦ Always-on host – server, Ex – web server
◦ Sometimes-on or always-on host – client, Ex – browsers
◦ Clients do not directly communicate with each other
◦ Server has a fixed, well-known address (IP address)
– Client host requests the server for an object, by sending a packet to the
server’s address
– Server host receives the request and responds by sending the requested
object to the client host
◦ Often, a single server host is incapable of keeping up with all the
requests from its clients
– A large cluster of hosts (data center) is often used
◦ Infrastructure intensive – require service providers to purchase,
install, and maintain server farms

Dr. Soumen Moulik, Dept. of CSE, NIT Meghalaya


Client-Server Architecture

Dr. Soumen Moulik, Dept. of CSE, NIT Meghalaya


Application Architecture
— Peer-to-Peer (P2P)
◦ Minimum (or no) reliance on always-on servers
◦ Direct communication between pairs of intermittently
connected hosts, called peers
◦ Advantages: Self-scalable, cost-effective
◦ Challenges: ISP friendliness, security, incentive design
◦ Examples –
– File distribution (BitTorrent), File sharing (eMule, LimeWire)
– Internet telephony (Skype)

— Hybrid
◦ Combination of both client-server and P2P elements
– For many instant messaging applications, severs are used to track the IP
addresses of users, but user-to-user messages are sent directly between user
hosts (without passing through intermediate servers)

Dr. Soumen Moulik, Dept. of CSE, NIT Meghalaya


Peer-to-Peer Architecture

Dr. Soumen Moulik, Dept. of CSE, NIT Meghalaya


Hybrid Architecture

Dr. Soumen Moulik, Dept. of CSE, NIT Meghalaya

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