Section 1: Introduction to
Organic Chemistry (5)
1. Organic chemistry is the study
of compounds containing only
carbon and hydrogen.
2. The unique properties of
carbon allow it to form long
chains and rings.
3. Organic compounds are
typically insoluble in water.
4. The study of organic chemistry
is limited to biological systems.
5. Carbon has six valence
electrons.
Section 2: Language of Organic
Chemistry (5)
1. The IUPAC system is used
universally to name organic
compounds.
2. The prefix "ortho-" indicates a
substituent in the 1,4-position.
3. Functional groups determine
the chemical properties of a
molecule.
4. Alkyl groups are a type of
functional group.
5. The suffix "-ane" indicates an
alkene.
Section 3: Applications of
Organic Chemistry (5)
1. Organic chemistry is essential
for the
development of new medicines.
2. All plastics are made from
inorganic compounds.
3. Organic chemistry is used in
the production of food additives.
4. Organic compounds are found
naturally in the environment.
5. Organic chemistry has no
impact on environmental
science.
Section 4: Advanced Topics (5)
1. Organic compounds can
exhibit geometric isomerism.
2. All organic reactions involve
the
formation of new covalent bonds.
3. Stereochemistry plays a
crucial role in pharmaceuticals.
4. Organic compounds can
exhibit tautomerism.
5. Quantum mechanics is not
relevant to organic chemistry.
"Hydrocarbons & Alkene
Properties & Reactions":
Section 1: Hydrocarbons (5)
1. Hydrocarbons are compounds
composed of only hydrogen and
oxygen.
2. Alkanes are unsaturated
hydrocarbons.
3. The general formula for
alkanes is CnH2n+2.
4. Hydrocarbons are typically
polar molecules.
5. Cycloalkanes are saturated
hydrocarbons.
Section 2: Alkene Properties (5)
1. Alkenes are saturated
hydrocarbons.
2. The general formula for
alkenes is CnH2n.
3. Alkenes exhibit electron-
withdrawing properties.
4. Alkenes are more stable than
alkanes.
5. Alkenes have a planar shape.
Section 3: Alkene Reactions (5)
1. Alkenes undergo substitution
reactions.
2. Electrophilic addition is a
common reaction mechanism for
alkenes.
3. Alkenes react with water to
form alcohols.
4. Alkenes undergo elimination
reactions.
5. Hydrogenation is an oxidation
reaction.
Section 4: Advanced Topics (5)
1. The cis-trans isomerism is
exhibited by alkenes.
2. Alkynes are less reactive than
alkenes.
3. Radical addition is a common
reaction mechanism for alkenes.
4. Ozonolysis is a method for
cleaving alkene double bonds.
5. The Diels-Alder reaction is an
example of an electrophilic
addition reaction.
Section 1: Alcohol Properties (5)
1. Alcohols are typically less
dense than water.
2. The hydroxyl group (-OH) is
polar.
3. Alcohols exhibit hydrogen
bonding.
4. Methanol is the simplest
secondary alcohol.
5. Tertiary alcohols are more
stable than primary alcohols.
Section 2: Alcohol Classification
(5)
1. Primary alcohols have two
alkyl groups attached to the
carbon atom.
2. Secondary alcohols have one
alkyl group attached to the
carbon atom.
3. Tertiary alcohols have three
alkyl groups attached to the
carbon atom.
4. Diols are alcohols with two
hydroxyl groups.
5. Polyols are alcohols with three
or more hydroxyl groups.
Section 3: Alcohol Reactions (5)
1. Alcohols undergo substitution
reactions with hydrogen halides.
2. Dehydration of alcohols
produces alkenes.
3. Oxidation of primary alcohols
produces aldehydes.
4. Alcohols react with carboxylic
acids to form esters.
5. Hydrolysis of alcohols
produces ethers.
Section 4: Advanced Topics (5)
1. The Lucas test is used to
distinguish between primary,
secondary, and tertiary alcohols.
2. Alcohols exhibit acid-base
properties.
3. The Jones oxidation is used to
oxidize secondary alcohols.
4. Tertiary alcohols undergo SN1
reactions.
5. Alcohols can exhibit
tautomerism.
Section 1: Nomenclature (5)
1. Aldehydes are named using
the suffix "-ane".
2. Ketones are named using the
suffix "-one".
3. The IUPAC system uses the
prefix "form-" for the simplest
aldehyde.
4. Aldehydes are always named
as derivatives of the parent
alkane.
5. The prefix "oxo-" indicates a
ketone group.
Section 2: Properties (5)
1. Aldehydes are generally less
polar than ketones.
2. Ketones have a higher boiling
point than aldehydes.
3. Aldehydes are more reactive
than ketones.
4. Aldehydes and ketones exhibit
hydrogen bonding.
5. Aldehydes are typically less
soluble in water than ketones.
Section 3: Reactions (5)
1. Aldehydes undergo addition
reactions with Grignard reagents.
2. Ketones undergo substitution
reactions with hydrogen halides.
3. Aldehydes are oxidized to
carboxylic acids using KMnO4.
4. The Wittig reaction is used to
convert ketones to alkenes.
5. Aldehydes and ketones
undergo acid-base reactions.
Section 4: Advanced Topics (5)
1. The Tollens' test is used to
distinguish between aldehydes
and ketones.
2. Aldehydes exhibit
tautomerism.
3. The aldol condensation
reaction involves the formation of
a new carbon-carbon bond.
4. Ketones undergo reduction
reactions with LiAlH4.
5. Aldehydes and ketones can
exhibit geometric isomerism.
Section 1: Aromaticity &
Structures (5)
1. Aromatic hydrocarbons are
saturated compounds.
2. Benzene is the simplest
aromatic hydrocarbon.
3. Aromatic compounds exhibit
planarity.
4. The benzene ring has
alternating double bonds.
5. Naphthalene is an example of
a non-
aromatic hydrocarbon.
Section 2: Conditions for
Aromaticity (5)
1. Huckel's rule states that
aromatic compounds must have
4n+2 π electrons.
2. Aromatic compounds must be
cyclic.
3. Aromatic compounds must
have a planar structure.
4. All conjugated cyclic
compounds are aromatic.
5. Anti-aromatic compounds
have 4n π electrons.
Section 3: Huckel's Rule &
Mobius Rule (5)
1. Huckel's rule applies only to
monocyclic compounds.
2. The Mobius rule is used to
determine anti-aromaticity.
3. Huckel's rule requires (4n+2)
π electrons for aromaticity.
4. The Mobius rule requires 4n π
electrons for aromaticity.
5. Huckel's rule is necessary but
not sufficient for aromaticity.
Section 4: Advanced Topics (5)
1. Annulenes are aromatic
compounds
with more than six π electrons.
2. Aromatic compounds exhibit
unusual chemical stability.
3. The aromaticity of a
compound can be determined by
its IR spectrum.
4. Polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) are
carcinogenic.
5. Heterocyclic aromatic
compounds contain only carbon
and hydrogen.
Section 1: Organic Acids (5)
1. Carboxylic acids are stronger
acids than sulfonic acids.
2. Organic acids typically have a
pKa value greater than 7.
3. The acidity of carboxylic acids
increases with increasing alkyl
chain length.
4. Formic acid is the simplest
carboxylic acid.
5. Acetic acid is a weak organic
acid.
Section 2: Organic Bases (5)
1. Amines are weaker bases than
ammonia.
2. Organic bases typically have a
pKb value less than 7.
3. The basicity of amines
increases with increasing alkyl
chain length.
4. Pyridine is an example of a
heterocyclic aromatic base.
5. Quaternary amines are strong
bases.
Section 3: Reactions of Organic
Acids & Bases (5)
1. Carboxylic acids undergo
esterification reactions with
alcohols.
2. Amines react with acid
chlorides to form amides.
3. Organic acids undergo
neutralization reactions with
strong bases.
4. The Fischer esterification
reaction requires a strong acid
catalyst.
5. Amides can be hydrolyzed to
form carboxylic acids.
Section 4: Advanced Topics (5)
1. The Henderson-Hasselbalch
equation relates pH to pKa.
2. Organic acids can exhibit
tautomerism.
3. The acid-base properties of a
compound are influenced by its
stereochemistry.
4. Electrophilic aromatic
substitution is a common
reaction of aromatic acids.
5. Organic bases can exhibit
geometric isomerism.
Section 1: Alkyl Halides &
Nucleophilic Substitution (5)
1. Alkyl halides are polar
molecules.
2. Nucleophilic substitution
reactions involve the
replacement of a leaving group.
3. Alkyl halides undergo
elimination reactions with strong
bases.
4. The nucleophile attacks the
alkyl group in an SN2 reaction.
5. Alkyl halides are typically less
reactive than alkyl tosylates.
Section 2: SN2 Reaction
Mechanism (5)
1. The SN2 reaction mechanism
involves a two-step process.
2. The SN2 reaction is favored
by high concentrations of
nucleophile.
3. The SN2 reaction involves
inversion of configuration.
4. The SN2 reaction is faster for
tertiary alkyl halides.
5. Polar aprotic solvents favor
SN2 reactions.
Section 3: SN1 Reaction
Mechanism (5)
1. The SN1 reaction mechanism
involves a one-step process.
2. The SN1 reaction involves
formation of a carbocation
intermediate.
3. The SN1 reaction is favored
by low concentrations of
nucleophile.
4. The SN1 reaction involves
retention of configuration.
5. Polar protic solvents favor
SN1 reactions.
Section 4: Rate Determinants &
Advanced Topics (5)
1. The rate of an SN2 reaction is
influenced by the size of the alkyl
group.
2. Steric hindrance increases the
rate of SN1 reactions.
3. The leaving group ability
influences the rate of SN2
reactions.
4. The solvent effects the rate of
SN1 reactions.
5. The Hammond postulate
relates reaction rate to transition
state stability.
