Welcome

Md. Abu Safayet

Lecturer
Dept. of Building Engineering and Construction Management
Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET)
Khulna-9203, Bangladesh
Email- [email protected]
  Bisection Method is one of the oldest method for solving a
root of any algebraic equation under the following
conditions:
 1.The equation is to be f(x) = axn + bxn-1 + cxn-2 + … … … …
… + constant
 2. Where, f(a) = +ve value and f(b) = -ve value
 3. f(a) x f(b) = a negative value
 If the above three conditions are fulfilled for any algebraic
equation we can find a real root of the equation.

Md. Abu Safayet,

Md. AbuLecturer,
Safayet,Department
Lecturer, Department
of BuildingofEngineering
Building Engineering
& Construction
& Construction
Management,
Management,
KUET KUET
 1. Assume two values of x (i.e. a & b). Such that f(a) and f(b)
are of opposite sign.
𝒂+𝒃
2. Calculate 𝒙 = , and y=f(x).
𝟐

3. (i) Replace “a” by x if f(a) and f(x) are of the same sign or
(ii) Replace “b” by x if f(b) and f(x) are of the same sign
4. Return to step (2) and carry out the same calculations,
until the difference between successive approximations is
less than the allowable limit (ε).

Md. Abu Safayet,

Md. AbuLecturer,
Safayet,Department
Lecturer, Department
of BuildingofEngineering
Building Engineering
& Construction
& Construction
Management,
Management,
KUET KUET
  Find a real root of the following equation up to three decimal
place (ε = 0.001)
 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓 = 𝟎

 Solution:

Let, 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟑 – 𝟐𝒙 – 𝟓

Then, f(0) = - 5, f(1) = - 6, f(2) = - 1, f(3) = 16

f(2) x f(3) = - ve (ok)

Md. Abu Safayet,

Md. AbuLecturer,
Safayet,Department
Lecturer, Department
of BuildingofEngineering
Building Engineering
& Construction
& Construction
Management,
Management,
KUET KUET
 Iteration an (-ve) bn (+ve) 𝑎𝑛 + 𝑏𝑛 𝑓(𝑥 )
𝑥𝑛 = n
No.(n) 2
1 2 3 2.5 5.6250
2 2 2.5 2.25 1.8906
3 2 2.25 2.125 0.3457
4 2 2.125 2.0625 -0.3513
5 2.0625 2.125 2.09375 -0.0089
6 2.09375 2.125 2.10938 0.1668
---------------
---------------
11 2.09375 2.09375 2.09424 -0.0035
12 2.09424 2.09473 2.09424 -0.003476

Md. Abu Safayet,

Md. AbuLecturer,
Safayet,Department
Lecturer, Department
of BuildingofEngineering
Building Engineering
& Construction
& Construction
Management,
Management,
KUET KUET
  So the real root of the equation is 2.094

Md. Abu Safayet,

Md. AbuLecturer,
Safayet,Department
Lecturer, Department
of BuildingofEngineering
Building Engineering
& Construction
& Construction
Management,
Management,
KUET KUET
 (𝒃−𝒂)
𝒍𝒏
 𝒏 ≥ ∈
but initially b – a = 1
𝒍𝒏 𝟐

 n ≥ 12, when ε = 0.001 (3 decimal places)

 n ≥ 14, when ε = 0.0001 (4 decimal places)

 n ≥ 17, when ε = 0.00001 (5 decimal places)

Md. Abu Safayet,

Md. AbuLecturer,
Safayet,Department
Lecturer, Department
of BuildingofEngineering
Building Engineering
& Construction
& Construction
Management,
Management,
KUET KUET
  Chord Method is one of the oldest method for solving a root
of any equation.
 This method is also known as Method of False Position,
Regula-Falsi method, Method of Interpolation and Chord
Interval Method.

 1.The equation is to be f(x) = axn + bxn-1 + cxn-2 + … … … …

… + constant
 2. Where, f(a) = +ve value and f(b) = -ve value
 3. f(a) x f(b) = a negative value

Md. Abu Safayet,

Md. AbuLecturer,
Safayet,Department
Lecturer, Department
of BuildingofEngineering
Building Engineering
& Construction
& Construction
Management,
Management,
KUET KUET
  In this method, we choose two points 𝒙𝟏 and 𝒙𝟐 . Such that
𝒇(𝒙𝟏 ) & 𝒇(𝒙𝟐 ) are opposite signs.
𝒚
𝑷(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 )
𝒇(𝒙𝟏 ) = 𝒚𝟏
𝒇 𝒙 𝟐 = 𝒚𝟐 𝒚𝟏

𝑴 𝑺 𝑵
𝒙
𝒉
𝒚𝟐

𝑹
𝑸(𝒙𝟐 , 𝒚𝟐 )
𝒙𝟏 (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 )
𝒙𝟐
Md. Abu Safayet,
Md. AbuLecturer,
Safayet,Department
Lecturer, Department
of BuildingofEngineering
Building Engineering
& Construction
& Construction
Management,
Management,
KUET KUET
  For similar triangles, we get,
𝑃𝑅 𝑃𝑀
=
𝑅𝑄 𝑀𝑆
𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 𝒚
= 𝟏
𝒙𝟐 −𝒙𝟏 𝒉
(𝑥 −𝑥 ) 𝑦
ℎ= 2 1 1
𝑦1 + 𝑦2
(𝑥2 −𝑥1 ) 𝑦1
Thus, 𝑥 = 𝑥1 + ℎ = 𝑥1 +
𝑦1 + 𝑦2

Md. Abu Safayet,

Md. AbuLecturer,
Safayet,Department
Lecturer, Department
of BuildingofEngineering
Building Engineering
& Construction
& Construction
Management,
Management,
KUET KUET
  Find a real root of the following equation up to five decimal
places.
 𝒙𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟏𝟎 𝒙 − 𝟏. 𝟐 = 𝟎

 Solution:

Let, 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟏𝟎 𝒙 − 𝟏. 𝟐

Then, f(1) = - 1.2
f(2) = - 0.59794
f(3) = +0.231364
f(2) x f(3) = - ve (ok)

Md. Abu Safayet,

Md. AbuLecturer,
Safayet,Department
Lecturer, Department
of BuildingofEngineering
Building Engineering
& Construction
& Construction
Management,
Management,
KUET KUET
Iteration 𝑥1 (-ve) 𝑥2 (−ve)𝑥2 − 𝑥1 𝒇(𝒙𝟏 )=𝒚𝟏 𝒇(𝒙𝟐 )= 𝒚𝟏 h 𝒙
No. 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒙𝟏
+𝒉
1 2 3 1 -0.6 +0.23 +0.83 +0.72 2.72
2 2.72 3 0.28 -0.017973 0.2314 0.24937 0.02018 2.7401
3 8
3 2.74018 3 0.2598 -0.0004065 0.2314 0.23181 - 2.7406
2 0.00050 88
82
4 2.74068 3 0.2593 0.0000366 0.2314 0.23143 0.00004 2.7406
8 12 655 1 9

Md. Abu Safayet,

Md. AbuLecturer,
Safayet,Department
Lecturer, Department
of BuildingofEngineering
Building Engineering
& Construction
& Construction
Management,
Management,
KUET KUET
  So the real root of the equation is 2.74065

Md. Abu Safayet,

Md. AbuLecturer,
Safayet,Department
Lecturer, Department
of BuildingofEngineering
Building Engineering
& Construction
& Construction
Management,
Management,
KUET KUET
Md. Abu Safayet,
Md. AbuLecturer,
Safayet,Department
Lecturer, Department
of BuildingofEngineering
Building Engineering
& Construction
& Construction
Management,
Management,
KUET KUET