Key LR Pfi Test04
Key LR Pfi Test04
Listening
Tapescript
SECTION 1
Staff Hello. This is Vivaldi Department Store Lost Property Department. How
may I help you?
Yennefer Hello, I’m calling about a handbag I lost yesterday at the department store.
Staff People often hand in lost items here so if you’re lucky, you may find your
handbag. Ok so let’s start with some basic information first. May I have your
full name please?
Yennefer No, it’s actually quite an uncommon name. It’s Y-E-double N-E-F-E-R, and
my family name is V-E-N-G-E-R-B-E-R-G.
Staff Ok, I got that. Now I need you to give a clear description of the handbag. As
clear as possible. You know, the material, the colour, the patterns...
Yennefer Ok, well it’s black, and the most distinctive feature about it is that it’s
decorated with violet feathers. It’s a limited edition so I think it’s quite
distinguishable.
Staff Right ... I think you’ve described it well enough. Now...are there any notable
items inside it? Can you name them as well?
Yennefer Yes. The most important thing is a small flask of perfume. It’s also violet,
and there is a heart-shaped label on it that says “Lilac and gooseberries”. It’s
my favourite scent.
Yennefer There’s some cash, but not much. Oh, and there is a small badge made of
diamonds that looks like a star. It’s in the smaller pouch along the zip, so it
might be a bit tricky to find.
Staff Ok I’ll just add that detail. Anything else? Your identification? Or passport
perhaps?
Yennefer No. I’ve got all of that in my wallet, thank goodness. Losing money is no big
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deal, but losing those important papers ... God I shiver just at the thought of
it! Hmm... what else...Ah yes, there is also a black bracelet. It should be in
the same place with the small flask of perfume.
Yennefer Oh sorry! I’m wearing the bracelet now. How could I be so forgetful ... Er...
it’s actually a black necklace. And it’s made from leather. That’s all I can
remember.
Staff No problem. Alright, we’ve got a very clear description here. Now, let’s
move on.
Staff Ms. Vengerberg, do you happen to remember the time when you visited our
department store? Of course, it doesn’t have to be exact. It was just
yesterday, wasn’t it?
Yennefer Yes. I got there in the morning, and I was there from 8-11 am. First I went
to the cafeteria to have breakfast. I’m pretty sure I still had my handbag
with me at that time. Then, I went to the supermarket to buy some stuff.
Later, I went to a French restaurant nearby, and that was probably where I
last saw the handbag, at around 10:30.
Staff Ah, the Gusteau restaurant. That’s good news then. The owners of that
restaurant have turned in customers’ lost items quite a few times. I think it
should be fine.
Staff No, that’s enough for now. Now all you need to do is tell me how we can
contact you should we find the handbag. May I have your phone number
please?
Yennefer My phone broke the other day unfortunately ... Hmm, OK you can contact
my co-worker. Her name is Triss Merigold.
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Yennefer Hang on, I wrote it down here somewhere ... Ah there it is. It’s 7-1-0-2-5-0-
6-0-4-1.
Staff 6-0-4-1 . Got it! Oh, and may I have her address? You know, to send the
property should we manage to locate it?
Staff Very well, I think that’s all we need now. And don’t worry Ms. Vengerberg,
we will try our best to find your item. We’ll call you, I mean your co-worker,
as soon as we find the handbag. Have a nice day!
SECTION 2
Good morning everyone, and thank you for attending today’s seminar of Kenton
University. Now, Before I discuss any course-related information, I’d like to give you a bit
of the background about the institution itself. So, 30 years ago, the first principal of the
school, Mr. Balton, came up with the idea of starting his own university. However, due to
some financial problems, it did take another 5 years before Kenton university was
certificated as one of the top schools in the country.
At first, the university specialised in teaching finance and economics. However, we soon
changed our focus to technology and engineering as we realised that this would going to
be 2 very important fields that would help with the development of the local area and
the country. And since then, these have always been our most popular majors and we’re
very proud to have the most well-qualified lecturers teaching these subjects.
The school is also renowned for teaching students in an active and dynamic way. And
each year, we organise several social activities to provide students with situations to
develop their interpersonal skills and raise their sense of community within the school.
And when it comes to employment, we’re also very proud to say that students with
degrees from Kenton university are very highly regarded by the both local employers and
all around the country. And we’ve actually been the top school in the area in terms of
student employment rate in the past 5 years.
Now, regarding enrolment, I hope that you’ve all brought the necessary documents with
you today, including your ID card, high school diploma, and a health certificate. If you
have them with you, please take them to the Student application office on the second
floor of this building after we finish this seminar. Then, over the next 3 days, you’ll be
contacted by the university head office to verify your information and also confirm your
attendance at the school. Unfortunately, we will not be providing online application this
year.
Now, let’s get down to the courses on offer. This year, we’re taking in students for 6
main courses. In the technology department, we’re offering an information Network
management course. However, unfortunately this course is only offered to local students
due to the restriction on the number of students we can recruit and a high level of
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demand for this course. We’re sorry to say that international students are not eligible to
apply for this one or the Database administration course. Hopefully we’ll be able to
accommodate more students in the coming years. However, international students are
very welcomed to join our Gaming design course, in which you’ll learn the fundamentals
from computer programming all the way through to advanced game design. Local
students are also welcomed to join this course. And the final technology-based course
we’ll be offering is Web management, where you can learn how to create, operate,
maintain and develop a website. This course is especially meant for foreign students only.
Next year, it’ll be opened to all students regardless of their geographical location.
Now, in the engineering department, we’re gonna be running 2 engineering courses this
year: electrical and chemical. All students can apply for the electrical course due to a
reduction in the number of skilled electrical engineers in recent years, which also means
that the job opportunities in this field at the moment are very high. The chemical
engineering course is, however, only opened to local students this year due to a number
of reasons.
Now, Mr. Denver, the new principal would like to say a few words…
SECTION 3
Vesemir OK, Geralt and Yennefer. Before we start, first I want to congratulate you
both for doing so well in your first group project. I have to admit though, I
didn’t expect such a solid performance, given the short amount of time
you guys have for preparation. So Yennefer, can you tell me why you
chose “Mass strandings of sperm whales” as the main focus for your
project? Is it something your tutor suggested?
Yennefer Well our tutor did suggest several topics that have never been done by
anyone before. You know, we just don’t want to repeat stuff. But the
reason for us to choose “Mass strandings” from those topics was quite
personal actually. We both come from coastal cities so we really care
about the dangers that sea creatures are facing. For us, it was more than
just a group project. We really want to spread the word.
Vesemir Hm, interesting. Well things would be a lot easier when you actually
enjoy what you’re doing. But it doesn’t mean there wouldn’t be any
challenge, right?
Geralt Yes you are. Finding the most up-to-date statistics, for one, was a real
pain since we couldn’t find much on the Internet. It’s a good thing my
uncle is working for the Marine Life Lab, so he helped me a lot to get hold
of the important data.
Vesemir I see. And I was quite impressed by the quality of the video clips that
were shown in your presentation. Where did you guys find them?
Geralt Actually, finding that footage wasn’t very hard. All the clips are available
on a website called “dailymotion.com”. However, we had to wait for 3
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days for the clips to be sent to our email. I thought it wouldn’t be a
problem since we had 2 days left to prepare. But I was dead wrong. The
new presentation application we used couldn’t handle media files that
were too large, so it always crashed whenever I tried to insert the
footage. In the end I had to lower the definition for those videos using
another software. The whole process cost me another 4 hours!
Fortunately, things went smoothly after that. It could have been a
disaster otherwise!
Yennefer Not so smoothly I think ... In the first 5 minutes of the presentation, I
tried so hard not to panic when we couldn’t turn on the sound. That’s
why I’m not at all satisfied with the introduction ... Things could have
gone so much better, had we prepared more carefully.
Vesemir Well, a lesson learned. But let’s not focus only on the negatives. How did
you guys feel about the other parts Yennefer? Personally speaking, I think
you guys handled the Q&A one really well!
Yennefer I do think so. But since I didn’t contribute much to the answers - you
know, Geralt almost single-handedly answered all the questions. I put my
most effort in the section where we stated several factors that could
influence the navigating abilities of whales. That was the highlight for me.
Vesemir Right. So apart from the “unexpected” technical error you mentioned, is
there anything else you didn’t expect to happen?
Yennefer Oh yes, but thankfully they’re all good things. I think the audience liked
our presentation the best. They were really enthusiastic. The students got
really involved and asked us so many interesting questions that I wish I
could have had enough time to answer all of them. And speaking of time,
I had to say this was originally our biggest concern. I just couldn’t believe
we managed to finish everything in just 14 minutes! Even Geralt couldn’t
believe it.
Geralt Oh yeah. I think it’s because we didn’t have to keep looking at the slides,
which saved lots of time.
Vesemir And because of that, you felt much more comfortable in the Q&A?
Vesemir Honestly I think you would still do well no matter how much time you
had, Geralt. You’ve always been good at thinking on your feet, which is a
major bonus. However the thing I particularly liked is that you mentioned
your own experience when no one expected it. It makes what you said so
much more convincing, and relevant at the same time. So Geralt, what
was the most valuable thing you learned from this project?
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Geralt I would say it’s the ability to work well with a partner. To be honest,
Yennefer and I weren’t exactly on the same page. We could argue about
pretty much anything. But then, we decided to put aside our differences
for the greater good, and once we managed to do that, I think we made a
great couple.
....
Vesemir Okay, so let’s talk about things that you could improve to make your
future presentations even better. I think they mostly come down to
preparation. So I’ll just focus on things that are usually ignored by
students. For a start, your slides include lots of fascinating information
which can easily draw the attention of the audience. Of course it’s a good
thing. However my advice is to put most of this information in the
introduction part, so that it would create a much stronger initial
impression.
Yennefer I see. Is there anything you’d like to comment on about the design of the
slides?
Vesemir They look great in my opinion. The font, the colors.... However it could
have been even better if the charts displayed were a bit more diverse,
you know? A wider combination of different templates – say, pie charts,
line graphs and tables, and so on - would make it easier to illustrate
important features.
Geralt Wow, we didn’t see that. I’ll definitely pay attention next time.
Vesemir And then the slides - especially those that include unclear details – should
also be printed out. This allows the audience to pay full attention to what
is being presented, while still being able to ask questions later on. Also,
there will usually be several things in your presentation that are a bit
harder to understand, so my tip is to read through your script carefully
before giving a presentation, since it may help you to predict certain
points that may cause confusion for the audience.
Yennefer Such a great tip! We should have asked you about this way earlier! Thank
you so much Prof. Vesemir!
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SECTION 4
Hello everyone, in today’s lesson of our psychology class, I’d like to introduce to you a
very popular psychological phenomenon that most people in the world encounter but
hardly anyone notices it. It’s called “confirmation bias”. It is the tendency search for,
interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs. It
is a type of cognitive bias and a systematic error of inductive reasoning. People display
this bias when they gather or remember information selectively, or when they interpret it
in a biased way. People also tend to interpret ambiguous evidence as supporting their
existing position. Biased search, interpretation and memory have been invoked to
explain attitude polarization and belief perseverance. And you should also notice that
even scientists can be prone to this bias.
In the 1960s, a psychologist in England called Peter Wason did the first series of
experiments on confirmation bias and then he came up with classifying it into 3 main
types. The first one is called Biased search for information. Experiments have found
repeatedly that people tend to test hypotheses in a one-sided way, by searching for
evidence consistent with their current hypothesis. Rather than searching through all the
relevant evidence, they phrase questions to receive an affirmative answer that supports
their theory. They look for the consequences that they would expect if their hypothesis
were true, rather than what would happen if they were false. For example, someone
using yes/no questions to find a number he or she suspects to be the number 3 might
ask, "Is it an odd number?" People prefer this type of question, called a "positive test",
even when a negative test such as "Is it an even number?" would yield exactly the same
information.
The second type is called Biased interpretation. Confirmation biases are not limited to
the collection of evidence. Even if two individuals have the same information, the way
they interpret it can be biased. A team at Stanford University conducted an experiment
involving participants who felt strongly about capital punishment, with half in favor and
half against it. Each participant read descriptions of two studies then they were asked
whether their opinions had changed. The result was not very surprising. The participants,
whether supporters or opponents, confirmed their original belief regardless of the
evidence provided. They pointed to details that supported their viewpoint and rejected
anything contrary.
The third type is Biased memory. People may remember evidence selectively to reinforce
their expectations, even if they gather and interpret evidence in a neutral manner. Some
experiments also showed that this selective memory can have some influence on
people’s attitude towards personality, like whether it is better to be introvert or
extrovert.
In the real world, you can find evidence of confirmation bias everywhere you go. Here
are some typical consequences of having this kind of bias. In finance, confirmation bias
can lead investors to be overconfident, ignoring evidence that their strategies will lose
money. In studies of political stock markets, investors made more profit when they
resisted bias. For example, participants who interpreted a candidate's debate
performance in a neutral rather than partisan way were more likely to profit.
In social media, confirmation bias is amplified by the use of filter bubbles, which shows
individuals information that they are more likely to agree with, while excluding opposing
views. This is exactly what Facebook, Twitter and Google are doing when giving you the
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information, which has made the problem of confirmation bias become worse and worse
in the modern life.
In politics, confirmation bias can be a factor in creating or extending conflicts, from
emotionally charged debates to wars: by interpreting the evidence in their favor, each
opposing party can become overconfident that it is in the stronger position.
Now, the question is: how can we ….
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Đáp án
SECTION 1 SECTION 3
3. perfume 23. B
4. a star 24. B
5. necklace 25. A
SECTION 2 SECTION 4
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Giải thích đáp án
SECTION 1
5 (leather) necklace “Oh sorry! I’m wearing the bracelet right now. How
could I be so forgetful ... Er... it’s actually a black
necklace. And it’s made from leather”
➔ Ban đầu Yennefer nói rằng trong túi xách của cô còn
có một cái vòng tay (bracelet), nhưng sau đó cô mới
nhận ra là mình đang đeo cái vòng tay đó rồi, và thứ mà
cô để trong cái túi xách bị mất là một cái vòng cổ
(necklace) bằng da màu đen.
7 10:30 (am) ➔ Theo trí nhớ của Yennefer thì lần cuối cùng cô thấy
cái túi xách là ở một nhà hàng Pháp (French restaurant),
vào khoảng 10 giờ 30.
8 co-worker “My phone broke the other day unfortunately ... Hmm,
OK you can contact my co-worker.”
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=> Do điện thoại của Yennefer bị hỏng nên cô muốn
được nhận thông tin về cái túi xách bị mất qua người
đồng nghiệp (co-worker) của mình.
9 Triss Merigold “No, it’s another uncommon name. It’s T-R-I-S-S M-E-
R-I-G-O-L-D.”
SECTION 2
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15 B “In the technology department, we’re offering an
information Network management course. However,
16 B
unfortunately this course is only offered to local
students ... We’re sorry to say that international
students are not eligible to apply for this one or the
Database administration course”
➔ Cả hai khoá học Network management và Database
administration chỉ dành cho sinh viên trong nước.
19 C “All students can apply for the electrical one since there
has been a reduction in the number of skilled
electricians in recent years”
➔ Khoá học Electrical engineering dành cho mọi đối
tượng sinh viên.
SECTION 3
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thành phố biển và rất quan tâm tới những mối hiểm hoạ
mà các sinh vật biển phải đối mặt.
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27 attention “..your slides include lots of fascinating information,
which can easily draw the attention of the audience. Of
course it’s a good thing. However, my advice is to put
most of this information in the introduction part”
➔ Theo Vesemir, những thông tin có thể dễ dàng thu
hút sự chú ý (attention) của người xem nên được đặt ở
phần mở đầu.
29 printed (out) “And then the slides - especially those that include
unclear details – should also be printed out. This allows
the audience to pay full attention to what is being
presented, while still being able to ask questions later
on”
➔ Slides trình chiếu nên được in ra (printed out) để
người xem vừa có thể theo dõi nội dung bài thuyết
trình, vừa có thể đưa ra câu hỏi
SECTION 4
31 confirms “It is the tendency search for, interpret, favor, and recall
information in a way that confirms one's preexisting
beliefs”
➔ “Thiên kiến xác nhận” (Confirmation bias) chỉ khuynh
hướng tìm kiếm và ưu tiên những thông tin xác nhận
(confirms) niềm tin điểm của một người.
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➔ Khuynh hướng này được thể hiện khi người ta thu
thập hoặc ghi nhớ những thông tin một cách có chọn
lọc (selectively)
33 scientists “And you should also notice that even scientists can be
prone to this bias.”
➔ Ngay cả các nhà khoa học cũng chịu ảnh hưởng bởi
khuynh hướng này.
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lỗ.
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Reading
Đáp án
PASSAGE 1 PASSAGE 2 PASSAGE 3
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Giải thích đáp án
Reading passage 1
3 D This tower "was at once the Trong đoạn D, tác giả đề cập
symbolic center of the nation đến 2 vai trò (roles) của
and the actual center where central tower: the symbolic
secular and sacred power center of the nation và the
joined forces actual center where secular
and sacred power joined
forces
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6 TRUE Paragraph A: Câu hỏi nói rằng đền Angkor
không được “first built as a
Originally built as a Hindu
place to worship Buddha” và
temple dedicated to the god
nội dung trong bài cũng đồng
Vishnu, it was converted into a
ý và nói rằng ngôi đền lúc đầu
Buddhist temple in the 14th
được xây để thời Vishnu.
century, and statues of Buddha
were added to its already rich
artwork.
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groundwater from rising too “groundwater” là phù hợp
high or falling too low. nhất
Reading passage 2
14 head The Old Master Câu hỏi hỏi về nghề nghiệp của
librarian Lão Tử (Lao-tzu), nên ta sẽ nhìn
đoạn 1
vào đoạn “The Old Master”
chính là phần nói về ông. Theo
đó, nghề nghiệp duy nhất được
nhắc đến trong đoạn chính là
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“head librarian”
16 politics Confucius and the Analects Câu hỏi hỏi về việc Khổng Tử
(Confucius) đã rời khỏi cái gì để
đoạn 1
dành nhiều thời gian và công
sức cho việc dạy. Cụm
“separate himself from” trong
câu hỏi gần nghĩa với “left”
trong đoạn đọc; từ teach trong
câu hỏi và đoạn đọc được thay
dổi word form, do đó câu trả lời
là “politics”.
17 virtue Confucius and the Analects Câu hỏi hỏi về việc hành vi con
người nên đi kèm theo điều gì
đoạn 2
trong mọi hoàn cảnh. Đoạn này
tiếp tục hỏi về Confucius. Theo
đó, “benavior” trong câu hỏi gần
nghĩa với “act” trong đoạn đọc,
“in all circumstances” trong câu
hỏi gần nghĩa với “in all social
matters”, do đó câu trả lời là
“virtue”.
18 willow Confucius and the Analects Câu hỏi hỏi về món đồ/vật hay
branch xuất hiện trong đám tang để
đoạn 2
tượng trưng cho linh hồn người
đã khuất, dựa theo tín ngưỡng
của Khổng Tử. Câu cuối cùng
của đoạn 2 trong phần
Confucius and the Analects là vị
trí duy nhất đề cập đến
“funeral”. “Represent”, “dead”
trong câu hỏi lần lượt đồng
nghĩa với “sympolizing”,
“deceased” trong đoạn đọc. Do
đó, áp án là “willow branch”
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tập trung phần đầu đoạn 2.
Cách hỏi “how…is like” bằng
nghĩa với “describe”, sau
“describe” là “ultimate reality”,
đó cũng là câu trả lời cho câu
hỏi này.
20 powers The Old Master Câu hỏi hỏi về nguồn gốc sản
sinh ra vũ trụ. Theo đó, từ
đoạn 2
“originate” trong câu hỏi có thể
xem là gần nghĩa với “ drive”
trong đoạn đọc, ngay trong câu
này cũng có xuất hiện của
“universe”, do đó đáp án là
“powers”.
21 appearances The Old Master Câu này nói mọi thứ trên trái
đất đều là một thể thống nhất
đoạn 2
cho dù một thứ gì đó có thể
khác nhau. “ A single unit” trong
câu hỏi đồng nghĩa với “one”
trong đoạn đọc, cách dùng
“although” trong câu hỏi cũng
tương ứng với “despite” trong
đoạn đọc, dó đó đáp án là
“appearnces”
22 waste Confucius and the Analects Câu này tập trung vào quan
điểm của Khổng Tử, liên quan
đoạn 3
đến việc giảng dạy và người
học. Theo phần mô tả Khổng
Tử Confucius and the Analects,
đoạn 3 có đề cập đến một câu
nói của ông về vấn đề này, theo
đó đáp án là “waste”.
23 YES Confucius and the Analects Câu này tập trung vào quan
điểm của Khổng Tử nên phần
đoạn 1
Confucius and the Analects
được tập trung đọc kĩ. Câu cuối
cùng trong đoạn 1, "It is as hard
to be poor without complaining
as to be rich without becoming
arrogant." Phản ánh được quan
điểm nêu trong câu hỏi, nên đáp
án là YES
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24 NO Confucius and the Analects Câu này tập trung vào quan
điểm của Khổng Tử nên phần
đoạn 2
Confucius and the Analects
được tập trung đọc kĩ.
“Human’s good qualities” trong
câu hỏi đồng nghĩa với “virtue”
trong đoạn đọc, và chị tiết
“unable to be defined” trong
đoạn đọc phủ nhận quan điểm
nêu trong câu hỏi, do đó đáp án
là NO
Reading passage 3:
STT Đáp án Vị trí thông tin trong bài đọc Giải thích đáp án
230
activated nitric oxide was why thể giải thích được tại sao người
people’s blood pressure ở một số vùng nhất định thì dễ
readings are lower in summer mắc bệnh tim mạch hơn.
than in winter, and whether it Cardiovascular conditions trong
may help to explain why bài đã được paraphrase thành
cardiovascular conditions are heart-related diseases, “at higher
more prevalent at higher latitudes” là ở những vĩ tuyến
latitudes.” cao, tức là ở 1 số vùng nhất định
trên thế giới
“Since then, many further Câu hỏi: Giải thích nguyên nhân
studies have shown that UV tại sao bảo vệ bản thân khỏi quá
32 C light triggers DNA mutations in nhiều ánh năng mặt trờ là cần
our skin cells, potentially thiết. Trong bài: vì tia UV sẽ có
leading to cancer” khả năng gây ra ung thư
231
childhood.” công nhận từ xưa tới nay rồi.
Không chọn B và D vì trong bài
không nói tiêu diệt vi khuẩn thì
sẽ trị được bệnh còi xương cũng
như vi khuẩn không được nhắc
tới như là tác nhân ảnh hưởng
sự phát triển của xương
232
được nên nghiên cứu này đúng,
Không chọn D vì đây là những gì
Richard đã chứng minh được rồi,
không còn ngờ vực gì nữa.
“...By the late-1920s, sunlight Câu hỏi: ở thập niên thứ 2 của
was being touted as a cure for thế kỷ trước, tức là những năm
pretty much every illness 1920, những người có “suntan”
37 suntan under the sun, and a suntan thường được xem như là những
had become an emblem of người khỏe mạnh, vì trong bài có
health and status...” nói “suntan” là sự tượng trưng
(emblem) cho sự khỏe mạnh
“...many people aren’t storing Câu hỏi: bảo vệ cơ thể quá mức
enough vitamin D to see them sẽ khiến cái gì dễ bị mắc bệnh,
through winter. The fear is that trong bài có nhắc đến 3 thứ,
39 tissues
their bones, muscles and trong câu hỏi đã đề cập bones và
possibly other tissues are muscles rồi thì cái còn thiếu ở
suffering as a result” đây là tissues
233