Philippine Christian

University 9/26/2

Title (Bold, Title Case)

*Inverted Triangle
______________________________________

A Thesis
Presented to the
Faculty of the Senior High School Department
Philippine Christian University
Manila

____________________________

In partial fulfillment for the requirement in

Research Project

____________________________
by:

Leader
Name

Members:
Name
Name
Name
Name
Name
Name

TVL – ICT
Information Communication and Technology

April 2024
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APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for Research Project, this thesis

entitled “TITLE (ALL CAPS, BOLD)” was prepared and submitted to the Faculty

of Senior High School Department by NAME (ALL CAPS), NAME (ALL CAPS),

NAME (ALL CAPS), NAME (ALL CAPS), NAME (ALL CAPS), and NAME (ALL

CAPS). It has been examined and hereby recommended for acceptance and approval.

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade of ___.

DR. HANNAH O. LOPEZ

Chairman

(NAME OF THE COMMITTEE) (NAME OF THE COMMITTEE)

Member Member

(NAME OF THE COMMITTEE)

Member

MS. VALERIE KAYE C. YABUT

Research Teacher
SHS Research Coordinator

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment for the requirements of the Research
Project in Grade 12.

DR. HANNAH ODCHIGUE – LOPEZ

Basic Education Supervising Principal
Dean of Colleges
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

(example)

The researchers extend their sincere gratitude and appreciation to the following

people who cooperated and contributed to making this research possible.

To Ms. Valerie Kaye C. Yabut, the Research Department Coordinator, for ensuring

that the research defense is well-ordered and listening to the concerns of the student

body for this academic year.

To the mentors that provided moral support, assistance, and constructive

feedback that contributed diverse perspectives and enhanced the quality for the

betterment of the study.

To the parents and families for their financial assistance and unwavering

encouragement which played a pivotal role in conducting and ensuring the overall

success and stability of the students and the project.

The researchers acknowledge the guidance of God throughout this research

journey. Gratitude is extended for the wisdom, strength, and blessings received.

Note : This is an example only you can add other persons for the acknowledgment. If

you want, add the survey instrument validators here.

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DEDICATION

(example)

Firstly, to our beloved families, whose unwavering support, encouragement,

and sacrifices have been our pillars of strength and motivation throughout this

research journey.

To our friends and classmates for their willingness to lend a helping hand

during challenging times that have made this journey more meaningful and

memorable.

To our Research Subject adviser, Ms. Valerie Kaye C. Yabut, who provided

mentorship and guidance to us on every step of the way that has contributed to our

academic growth in completing this study.

Last and foremost, the researchers would like to dedicate this study to the Almighty

God for giving guidance, strength, wisdom, protection, and hope throughout this

study. All of this, we offer to you.

NOTE : This is only an example you can add other persons here who you wants to

dedicate your study with.

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ABSTRACT

(Write your text here, left aligned)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Approval Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . i

Dedication . . . . . . . . . . . ii

Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . iii

Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . iv

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND THE REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Introduction . . . . . . . . ?

Background of the Study . . . . . . . . ?

Literature Review . . . . . . . . ?

Theoretical Frameworks . . . . . . . . ?

Conceptual Framework . . . . . . . . ?

Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . ?

Hypothesis/ Hypotheses . . . . . . . . ?

Significance of the Study . . . . . . . . ?

Scope and Limitations . . . . . . . . ?

Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . ?

CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES
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Research Design . . . . . . . . ?

Population, Sample & Sampling Technique . . . . . ?

Research Instrument . . . . . . . . ?

Data Gathering Procedure . . . . . . . . ?

Research Instrument . . . . . . . . ?

Data Gathering Procedure . . . . . . . . ?

Statistical Treatments . . . . . . . . ?

CHAPTER 3

RESULTS AND ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS

Table 1.1 . . . . . . . . . . ?

Table 1.2 . . . . . . . . . . ?

CHAPTER 4

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings . . . . . . . . . . ?
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . ?
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . ?
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . ?
Appendix A Letter of Request to Conduct Study . . . . ?
Appendix B Letter of Validation Request to . . . . . . ?
Appendix C Survey Instrument . . . . . . . . ?
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 Philippine Christian
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CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND THE REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Introduction

(Write your text here, left aligned)

NOTE: The Perceived Gap. At most three paragraphs: the first paragraph deals the

with general topic of the study, the second paragraph deals with the specific topic, and

the third paragraph is the perceived gap.

Background of the study

(Write your text here, left aligned)

NOTE: Following the order of the variables presented in the statement of the problem,

discuss briefly the current situation related to these variables.

Review of Related Literature

(Write your text here, left aligned)

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Synthesis of Related Literature

(Write your text here, left aligned)

NOTE: Just state briefly the highlight of findings.

Theoretical Framework

(COMPOSE BASED ON YOUR STUDY, AND IF APPLICABLE)

Conceptual Framework

(THIS IS A SAMPLE, COMPOSE BASED ON YOUR STUDY)

The study has utilized the IPO approach. For its inputs, these are the level of

the learners and the academic performance of learners based in Mathematics.

For its transformation process, these inputs are then subjected to analysis and

organization of the data. As a result of these processes, it was assessed by the

researchers that the implication of the result was applied to the learners by designing a

mathematics lesson exemplar for teachers.

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Figure 1

The Conceptual Framework of the Study

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

m t
u y
n
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t i
y n
k
l a
i g
n e
k s
a
g a
n
d

p
r
o
f
e
s
s p
i
o
r
n o
a
l f
e e
n
g
s
a s
g
e i
m
e
o
n n
a
l

m
a
t
NOTE:
h
 From the chosen theoretical framework, the researcher constructs his initial
p
r
conceptual framework.
o
g
r
a
m
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 This initial conceptual framework can be revised to result in a final framework

based on the results of the study.

 Your CF should identify research variables, and clarify relationships among the

variables.

Statement of the Problem

1. What is the level of learning engagement of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Exploration

1.2 Realization

1.3 Persistence

2. What is the level of E-Learning application of the respondents in terms of:

2.1 Knowledge Awareness Comprehension

2.2 Application Skills Development

2.3 Application Analysis Evaluation

3. Is there a significant relationship between the level of learning engagement and

E-Learning Application?

4. Based on the findings, what developmental program can be proposed?

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Hypotheses/ Hypothesis

(THIS IS A SAMPLE, COMPOSE BASED ON YOUR STUDY)

There is no significant difference in the assessment of the teacher across four

areas of online collaborative learning.

NOTE: The null hypothesis (HO) addresses the assumptions as stated in the Statement

of the Problem. The HO is usually stated negatively. Only write the null; do not

include alternative hypothesis. Use the proper heading (hypotheses/ hypothesis) based

on the number of your hypothesis.

Significance of the Study

(THIS IS A SAMPLE, COMPOSE BASED ON YOUR STUDY)

The study aims to provide an understanding on the topic of about "Learning

Engagement and E-Learning Application towards Creation of Program Development

Plan’". that is a crucial and appropriate area of research that has not been fully

explored by researchers. The findings of this study will be beneficial to the following:

Students. The study will help students to know the importance of how partaking

in furthering their knowledge would influence their use of e-learning application, as

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well as to build towards a development plan that mainly targets reducing the problems

that come along with it. Teachers. The study will assist teachers in their endeavors to

provide education, assisting in decimating information about how engagement in

learning reflects

performance in the subject of academic, and what E-Learning Applications are.

School Administrators. They could use the insights from this study to make

informed decisions about implementing e-learning applications in their institutions.

Understanding the relationship and effects between learning engagement and e-

learning application could help them choose the most effective e-learning tools and

strategies for their students.

Parents. This study could help parents understand the benefits of e-learning and

how it can improve their child’s performance in utlizing e-learning applications. It

could also provide them with information on how to support their child’s learning in

an online environment.

Future Researchers. This study could serve as a foundation for future research in the

field of e-learning. Researchers could build upon the findings of this study to

explore other aspects of e-learning, such as its impact on different age groups, its

effectiveness compared to traditional learning methods, or its role in lifelong learning.

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This refers to the contribution of the study to decision/ policy makers, recipients of the

study, community (local and national level), other relevant stakeholders, and future

researchers.

NOTE: List only the major stakeholders as you need to identify appropriate

implications to these stakeholders in the decisions you will make in Chapter 3 based

on the results or findings.

Scope and Delimitations

(THIS IS A SAMPLE, COMPOSE BASED ON YOUR STUDY)

The scope of the study will mainly cover the effects of learning engagement

on E-learning applications. For this study, multiple variables shall be measured and

analyzed, including the frequency of the students participating in school activities and

accomplishing the tasks given to them, as well as their performance through their

grades and attendance. The limitation is that the sample size for this study would be

100 and limited

only to those who belong to the Grade 12 under the senior high school track of STEM,

ABM, HUMSS, and TVL. Therefore, the researchers are not able to collect data from

other school year levels.

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Definition of Terms

(THIS IS A SAMPLE, COMPOSE BASED ON YOUR STUDY)

E-Learning. The term is used to in a way that pertains to the learning enviorment that

is present when using things like learning website or programs.

Learning Engagement. This term is used to refer to the extent if which student's

interact or take part in certain school activities or class lectures

Exploration. This term is used to refer to the indetify the level of curiosty or interest

students have in learning new ideas and concepts.

Realization. This term is used to refer to the competancy of students to comprehend

and embody the lessons and topics taught to them.

Persistence. The term is used to refer to the degree of which students would perserve,
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CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES

This chapter explains how the study was conducted, it includes research

design, respondents, locale, sampling technique used, instrumentation, data gathering

procedures, and statistical treatments of data.

Research Design

(THIS IS A SAMPLE, COMPOSE BASED ON YOUR STUDY)

(sample for correlational research)

This study will employ a quantitative methodology, specifically a correlational

research design. A kind of non-experimental research technique that seeks to identify

the link between two variables, whereby alterations in one cause changes in the other,

without requiring the researchers to control or manipulate any of the variables.

(Phatari, B. 2021). In this case, the two variables of learning engagement and e-

learning application will be investigated. The researchers find that the quantitative

method of research is most suitable as the study's aim is to find the factors, causes,

Population and Sampling Technique

*Use Slovin’s Formula

NOTE : State if what sampling technique used.

Sample:
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(THIS IS A SAMPLE, COMPOSE BASED ON YOUR STUDY)

In order to collect the required number of respondents, the researchers have

decided that the target count for this study would be from the population of the grade

12 students, and the sample size would be 100 with utilization of simple random

sampling technique.

Figure 2

Distributions of Grade 9 Learners per Section of PCU-UHSM

LEARNERS

SECTION Frequency (n) Percentage (%)

Cain 28 32

Caleb 29 34

Cleophas 29 34

Cephas

Total 86 100

To determine the academic performance of learners, following the Neuman

(2006), the researchers have used the total population of Grade 9 learners which is 86.
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Instrumentation

(THIS IS A SAMPLE, COMPOSE BASED ON YOUR STUDY)

The research will utilize online surveys to gather the necesarried data using the

prepared questionnaires by the researchers to 100 random grade 12 students to collect

their insights, information, and experiences with engaging in academics and e-

learning applications. A structured survey will be used to measure their opinions,

attitudes, and behaviors. The respondents indicate how much they agree with the

statement by answering questions which utilizes the Likert Scale, a rating scale

ranging from 1-4, that can assess the frequency of the respondents' behaviors and

attitudes quantitatively, with 1 being 'Very Unlikely' until 4 which is 'Very Likely' for

the domains that are encompassed by the learning engagement variable. The

researchers have found the instrument appropiate and convenient as it will save both

parties time and effort in the process.

Data Gathering Procedure

(THIS IS A SAMPLE, COMPOSE BASED ON YOUR STUDY)

The research recognizes the importance of asking for consent for the use of

information given by the respondents for this research. A letter of permission handed

to the respondents with the authorization of the school principal and research adviser.

After approval, the researchers personally submit the link to the survey in the form of

Google Forms, which will be distributed among the Grade 12 Senior High School
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students of the Philippine Christian University who will be providing the needed data

for the study to be collected, analyzed, and quantified.

Statistical Treatment

(THIS IS A SAMPLE, COMPOSE BASED ON YOUR STUDY)

The following statistical instruments and techniques were utilized in the

presentation, analysis and interpretation of the pertinent information gathered for this

study.

1. Mean

Mean is used to determine the average score of the four areas in online

collaborative learning in Mathematics. It is also used to determine the average grade

of Grade 9 learners for their academic performance in Mathematics. The mean score

and the mean grade of the learners are used as bases for the interpretation of their

level of learning performance.

2. Weighted Arithmetic Mean

Weighted Mean is an average computed by giving different weights to some

of the individual values. If all the weights are equal, then the weighted mean is the

same as the arithmetic mean. The weighted arithmetic mean is a measure of central

tendency of a set of quantitative observations when not all the observations have the

same importance.
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3. Percentage

Percentage is used to show the part of the total learners that fell into frustration,

instructional and independent level of collaborative learning. Also, percentage is used

to show the academic profile of the learners.

4. Pearson Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation

Pearson Correlation is used to determine if there’s significant exists in the

assessment of the teacher across four areas of online collaborative learning. It is also

used to determine the significant relationship in the collaborative learning and

academic performance of learners in Mathematics.

To interpret the result, the following scale is used:

SCALE WEIGHTED MEAN VERBAL INTERPRETATION

4 4.00 – 3.00 VERY LIKELY

3 2.99 – 2.00 LIKELY

2 1.99 – 1.00 UNLIKELY

1 0.99 – below VERY UNLIKELY

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CHAPTER 3

RESULTS AND ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS

(THIS IS A SAMPLE, COMPOSE BASED ON YOUR STUDY)

This chapter presents the data gathered as well as the analysis and interpretations. The

results are presented per the specific research questions presented in Chapter 1 on the

level of learning engagement and e-learning application of Grade 12 Senior High

School students. The findings were used to support assumptions and interpretations.

Moreover, the findings served as the basis for formulating a developmental program.

Level of Learning Engagement in terms of Exploration

Table 1.1 Exploration

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Table 1.1 represents the level of academic knowledge exploration of students when it

comes to their engagement in the class. The 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th questions, with

means respectively of 3.58, 3.54, 3.56, and 3.48, each with a verbal interpretation of

"Very Likely," aim to understand the general interest of student when it came to

knowledge and the exploration of it. With a high mean, it can be stated that students,

generally, enjoy and take interest in the learning of and exploration of knowledge and

lessons.

Lastly, the 5th, 6th, and 7th questions, with means respectively of 3.15, 3.40, and

3.18, each with a verbal interpretation of "Very Likely," aim to understand the level of

engagement of the student when it came to academic lessons, such as their interest

and curiosity, especially those taught by the instructors in the classroom. And with the

generally high interest of the students when it came to knowledge and curiosity of it,

high levels of interest and curiosity lead to the exploration of knowledge. In the study

of Renninger A. and Hidi S. (2019), this is further supported that students that are

interested in a topic tend to be more engaged in exploration and learning engagement.

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The Relationship between Learning Engagement and E-Learning Application

Table __ Learning Engagement and E-Learning Application

The data presented in the table were subjected through the utilization of Pearsons's r

correlation coefficient with the P-value of < .001 that yielded a strong evidence

against the null hypothesis and resulted it being rejected. Consequently, it is

concluded that there is a strong positive relationship between the variable learning

engagement and academic performance.

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Note : Indicate here all of the tabular presentation of the data for each domain per

variable. Follow the proper format of table APA 7th edition format with a proper

sequence of :

Title of the Table

Legend

Data Interpretation (make it concise)

In-text citation or related study about the data inside the table.
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CHAPTER 4

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

(THIS IS A SAMPLE, COMPOSE BASED ON YOUR STUDY)

This chapter presents the summary of the problems, the conclusions drawn

from the findings as well as the recommendations based from the conclusions.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

The findings of the study are as follows:

1. The students' degree of learning engagement in terms of:

1.1 Exploration

The degree to which the grade 12 senior high school students of Philippine Christian

University, as determined from their responses to the set of questions designated for

the Exploration domain, have obtained an overall weighted mean of 3.41, or '"Very

Likely". This indicates that students are willing and are very interested in furthering

their knowledge in certain topics that is alien to them. Highlighting the level of

curiosty students have for new ideas and lessons.

3. Relationship between the learning engagement and e-learning application

Based on the findings, the data presented in Table 1.7, are all the domains for

each of the two variables the study has, with the average results from the respective
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domain responses of the participants who answered the survey being used to acquire

the correlational coefficient. The results determined a strong positive relation between

learning engagement and e-learning application, with a p-value of <0.001. Suggesting

that as learning engagement rises, so does their use of e-learning applications.

Note : State here all of the summary of your findings IN NUMBER FORM per

statement of the problem except the last SOP about output.

Note : Summary per SOP with numerical data without table.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the findings. The researcher conducted the following:

Based on the findings. The researcher conducted the following:

1. Based on the results and gathered data of this study, we can deduce that the Grade

12 students of Philippine Christian University are curious, hardworking, astute, and

responsible individuals when it comes to learning. Students with these qualities are

likely to be actively engaged in lectures. They also don't find it difficult to finish their

tasks and duties in school because of these elements of engagement.

Note : State here all of the conclusions of your findings IN NUMBER FORM per

statement of the problem except the last SOP about output.

Note : Conclusions per SOP without numerical data.

Note : State here if the hypothesis is accepted or rejected

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RECOMMENDATIONS

Based in the findings and conclusions, the following are recommended:

1. Future researchers who would tackle a similar study should utilize and investigate

other factors that could affect engagement on the context of learning, such as

cognitive and behavioral aspects to get a better grasp and understanding of its affect in

level students have in the context learning and utilizing e-learning application.

Note : Recommend some encounters in conducting the study focusing on how to

improve it for the future researchers.

Note : Recommend other variables that you think the future researchers may use to

improve the study based on the findings.

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RESEARCH OUTPUT

Based on the findings, the researchers came up with this output below:

AREA OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES TIME PERSON/S BUDGET OUTCOME

FRAME INVOLVED

All of Indicator got What will be School Ex. Proposed What will

the the lowest the possible year or Teachers, Budget be the

domains weighted strategies? you Students possible

per mean per may and etc. outcome.

variable domain. specify

should State on how it on

be here to improve how

as your many

objective. weeks

or

months.

Example : (disregard the content please based it on your study and on the red details

above.
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APPENDIX A

(RESEARCH INSTRUMENT VALIDATION SHEET)

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APPENDIX B

(SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE with LETTER TO THE RESPONDENTS)

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APPENDIX C

(LETTER TO VALIDATOR)
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APPENDIX D

(CURRICULUM VITAE)

Profile of the researchers

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REFERENCES

NOTE: USE APA 7TH EDITION FORMAT

Nason (2004, p. 1). Online collaborative learning in Mathematics.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/

314670313_Online_Collaborative_Learning_in_Mathematics

Friedrich (2019, p. 1). Effectiveness of peer review as cooperative web-based

learning method applied out-of-class in a role-playing game: a case study by

quasi-experimental approach. Smart Learning Environments.

https://slejournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40561-019-0102-5

Writers (2018, p. 1). Online collaborative learning in higher education: A

review of a literature.

https://edspace.american.edu/amytrietiak/2020/05/07/online-collaborative-

learning-in-higher-education/

Tint & Nyunt (2015, p. 1). Collaborative learning with think-pair-share technique.

computer applications: an international journal.

https://www.airccse.com/caij/papers/2115caij01.pdf

Orcos, et. al. (2016, p. 380). Collaborative learning: implementation of jigsaw

technique in Google. proceedings of the 2nd international conference on

higher education advances.

http://headconf.org/head16/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/2772.pdf
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Unal, et. al. (2017, p. 12). Students’ views about the problem based collaborative

learning environment supported by Dynamic Web Technologies. Malaysian

Online Journal of Educational Technology.

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1142387.pdf

Faja (2013, p. 1). Collaborative learning in online courses: Exploring students’

perceptions.

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1145013.pdf

Muuro, et. al. (2014, p. 1) Students’ perceived challenges in an online

collaborative learning environment: a case of higher learning institutions,

Nairobi, Kenya.

https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/irrodl/1900-v1-n1-

irrodl04946/1065556ar/abstract/

Nokes-Malach (2015, p. 1). Online collaborative learning in higher education: a

review of the literature.

https://edspace.american.edu/amytrietiak/2020/05/07/online-collaborative-

learning-in-higher-education/

Belmonte, et. al. (2019, p. 1). Formative transcendence of flipped learning in

mathematics students of secondary education.

https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/7/12/1226

Trietiak (2020, p. 1) Online collaborative learning in higher education: a review of

the literature.
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https://edspace.american.edu/amytrietiak/2020/05/07/online-collaborative-

learning-in-higher-education/

NOTE : should be in hanging indention