SECTION I All, both, the whole, neither, either, no, none 1 ALL AND BOTH We can use all and both as determiners and pronouns in the following ways: Virtually all chocolate tastes the same. All children love chocolate. Both types are disgusting. Both you ‘and Tare agreed on that. Have you been eating ‘chocolate all this time? Have you eaten both those pieces? All of the chocolate in this country tastes the Have you eaten both of those pieces? They ate almost all of it. Both of them taste the same t0 me. It all tastes the same 19 me, They both look a bit strange, + Although both ean be a pronoun used on its own, e.g. Both taste the sme to me, we rarely use all as @ pronoun on its own, except when it is followed by a relative clause: X Givemeall 1 Give me everything. or: Give me all /everything you've got. ‘+ We don’t commonly use the phrases all the day or all the people without a qualifying clause: X Weworked-all-the-day-Halkel-o-all- the people 1 We worked all day. I talked to everyone. 2 THE WHOLE With singular countable nouns, especially with places, we often use the whole instead of all the X Aid the town was shocked by herdeath, Y The whole town was shocked by her death, + We must use of with proper names and words like the, this, these, those, ete: ve travelled around the whole of France. Tas off sick for the whole of the week, 3 NEITHER AND EITHER We use either and neither to talk about two things. They can be pronouns and determiners: Neither type is particularly nice. (= formal) Either type is fine by me. (= one or the other, it doesn’t matter which) I like neither type. (= formal) 1 don't like either type, (= less formal) Neither you nor I like them. Either you or Fwill have to go. [Neither of the others liked them, either either of these types is/are edible. To be honest, 1 like neither. I'm not particularly fond of either. ‘+ After neither and cither a singular verb is usual, but plural verbs are used in spoken English: [Neither of them is /are particularly nice. Fither is /are fine by me. + Prepositional phrases like on either side, a either ‘ond, mean ‘on both sides’, ‘at both ends There are shops at either end of the street. 1 don’t think 4 NO AND NONE No is a determiner, None is a pronoun, We use them before singular, plural and uncountable nouns: Bad chocolate is better than mo chocolate, Badd chocolate is better than none. No piece I tasted was particularly good, Practically none of this stuffs as bad as you say. No two bars were alike. None of us could agree. + In formal English, we can use a singular verb after none. However, a plural verb is common: None of the people 1 work with likes chocolate at all formal) None of these brands taste the same. 5 COMMON PHRASES Tell me all about it, They left me all alone. That's all: there's nothing ese to add. All t00 often a sunny day ends in rain. He could be listening outside for all 1 know, She's no friend of mine. ‘There's no reason why ‘you shouldn't pass. It’s none of your business. It was tone other than George at the door, ‘Haven't you got ‘any?’ ‘None whatsoever.’ Her leadership qualities are ‘second to none. On the whole, you're probably right. 1'm afraid your excuses are neither here nor there, Cet Underline the correct verb form in these sentences In some sentences, both may be correct. All the players are good but none is/are as good as Giggs. b No animals have / has been mistreated in the making of this film, © Monday or Tuesday. Both are is convenient for Thursday or Friday. Either of them are /is fine € All 've brought is/are over there.O Correct the following sentences. Example: Guess who took my chocolate? No other (None other) than Dimitza a. All of chocolate comes from cocoa beans. b Both of ordinary and white chocolate are made from cocoa butter. ‘There are very few people who like neither thei 1 have no particular preference: I'll eat the either. Yesterday, in fact, ate all a 400 gm bar. My friends bet me I couldn't eat it whole No one of them believed I could do it and not be sick. Chocolate is eaten all over the whole America Al the people love chocolate For everything we know, chocolate may be the elixir of life Soe mean © Fill cach of the numbered blanks with one of the words listed. all whole none no both neither either Life has slowly changed for the (1} of our family. We were 2} very close once, my wife and I and our two daughters. Aged 12 and 11, they were 3] angels, keen, enthusiastic, communicative, (4) of them, nearly (5) the time, When we meet up nowadays (6) of us feels that comfortable. Oh yes, there are a few moments when we (7) bug and ask each other for an update. Then when we (8) sit down to either lunch or dinner [9] of my daughters seems very keen to eat at the same time as us anyway (10} of us seems to have that much to say (11) my daughters resent questions about thelr activities and I can’t ask 12) of them about their current boyfriends without (13) of them ganging up on me and telling me to be quiet. On the (14), [find eating while watching a soap with them the best way out. [15) of the girls seems at all interested in what (16) my wife of I is doing. (17) can say is that life was much easier and more comfortable when, (18) of them could utter anything more than “goo-goo" and ‘dada’ and (19) my wite and 1 could settle down for a meal without feeling strangers in four own home, I suppose that time and tide wait for (20) man, © tn most pairs of lines there is one unnecessary word, For each pair of numbered lines (1-16), write the unnecessary word in the space. Indicate correct pairs with a tick (7). The exercise begins with «wo examples. TT say ‘always tll lies’, am I telling the eruth? ‘This is known rf as the Lia's Paradox. It has been around for all millennia and is al 1 usually attributed to Epimenides the Cretan who said ‘All of Cretans are liars 2 Logicians call this a circular argument oF problem to which there is no the 3 solution. The quick answer is that while either the question is valid from a 4 grammatical viewpoint, from both a logical point of view it is a contrived 5 contradictory nonsense, though this didn't stop the philosopher Bertrand 6 Russell spending two whole of summers trying to solve the contradiction. 7 The theological answer is that the human race is made up of all three 8 types of people: neither saints who always tell the truth, devils who always tell 9 lies and sinners who sometimes tell either the truth and sometimes tell 10 ies. Logically a saint cannot say “always tell les’ since this would be 11 allie, A devil cannot logically say ‘I always tell lies’ since all this would be 12 the truth. Only a sinner can logically say “1 always tell lies’, and this would 13 be a lie. It is essentially both the same as the dilemma faced by the barber 14 who shaves all the men who don't shave themselves. The whole question is: who 15 shaves the barber? Clearly he cannot shave himself because he only shaves 16 those who don’t shave themselves. However, neither he cannot remain unshaven as he ‘would then have to shave himself,