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SIKSHA SRIJAN ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT

Affiliated to SPU
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SIKSHA SRIJAN ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
Affiliated to SPU
CONTENTS

Compulsory English

Each Unit begins with the Objectives of the Section Objectives

are directive and indicative of :

1. what has been presented in the Unit and

2. what is expected from you

3. what you are expected to know pertaining to the specific

Unit once you have completed working on the Unit.

The self check exercises with possible answers will help you
to understand the Unit in the right perspective. Go through the
possible answer only after you write your own answers. These
exercises are not to be submitted to us for evaluation. They have
been provided to you as Study Tools to help keep you on the right
track as you study the Unit.

(viii)

English Compulsory II
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Unit-1 a) How to Face An Interview

1.0 Objectives :
After studying this unit, you will be able to –
Understand the relationship between interviewee and interviewer
Know the do’s and don’ts for interview and some fundamental qualities
necessary for facing an interview
Understand the skill of facing job interviews

1.1 Introduction:-
Interviews are one of the most popularly used devices for selection of employees.
Interview is the final hurdle which you have to cross to get the job. It is employed as
supplementary to the written test. You may have obtained a first class degree but
you may not perform well at the interview. You may be found unfit for the job for
which you have applied. Many candidates pass the written test with credit, but they
can’t impress the interviewers and, so, they are rejected. So, interview is an
important stage before final selection is made for any post. Only a few posts are
filled without interview. The traits such as mental ability, personality, intelligence,
presence of mind, emotional stability, experience, goals and values are assessed at
the time of interview. There are certain posts where interview plays the decisive
role. So, you must prepare yourself for the interview to avoid frustration.

1.2 Presentation of Subject matter:

1.2.1 Section – 1
[I] Interviewers :
The interviewers are persons of wide knowledge and experience. They can judge
the real character and person’s worth by his or her speech, expressions and self-
presentation. They know the details about the job and its responsibilities. They have
a mental picture of the ideal person fit for the job. They would not mind if the
candidate is a little short of their expectations. The candidate has to prove his
aptitude for the job.
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So, as a candidate, you have to give your best to the interviewers. You must
remember that the first impression is the last impression. So, in the beginning, you
should impress them with you knowledge, intelligence and confidence. You need to
manipulate the questioning or the trend of conversation so that it can project your
good points and hide your weaknesses. You must try to retain your politeness,
cheerfulness and patience to the end showing your interest and sincerity in the
interview all the time. You should never feel offended or annoyed at questions of
personal type. You have to answer them sincerely and in a pleasant and convincing
way. False or overstatements need to be avoided. Brief, to the point but clear
expression is likely to impress the members of interview board.
[II] Preparation for the Interview:
Work on your application and Curriculum Vitae (C.V.) to go through interview. It is
time for some more homework. Check your resume/bio-data/application form
carefully. Several questions in the interview are based on the resume. Prepare
answers about the hobbies, about your present/past job etc. The secret of your
success in an interview lies judging beforehand what is required by the employer,
what the priorities are and what the employer prefers. You should play the role of a
sales-person and make the necessary preparation a sales-person would do before
winning a big order. Here, actually, you are to sell yourself, and your interviewer is
playing the role of a customer.
The better you are prepared the better your chances of getting the job. As soon as
you know the suitable career for you, you have to start preparing for making
yourselves fit for that position. So, keep in mind the type of interview that you have
to face. You are going to appear before an employer or a board of interviewers. So,
develop qualities, habits and behavior required for the job e.g. 1] The future doctor
has to cultivate in himself a deep interest in human physiology, biology and
chemistry. 2] The future teacher has to develop interest in child psychology, the
quality of leadership and individual confidence. Your interest in your career would
lead you to gather all the knowledge and information connected with the job. So,
start preparations for your future job as early in your life as possible.
[III] General Do’s and Don’ts :
[A] Do’s :-
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1] Remember that interviewers are men of great experience. They know

the qualities required for the job. So, they will judge your worth and
capabilities from your words and expressions.
2] Give your best to the interviewers and cover your weakness through the
presentation of other achievements.
3] Have confidence in yourself to evoke confidence in the interviewers.
4] Remain composed and keep your interest throughout the interview.
5] Listen to the questions attentively and carefully, then answer it in a
natural and normal way.
6] Adopt a pleasing manner of speech.
7] Follow the interviewers swiftly and grasp the new question to tackle it
with full energy and interest.
8] Feel pleased with your surroundings and be at your ease in the company
of the interviewers.
9] Develop your personality to suit the post for which you have applied.
10] Be perfectly normal.
11] Be smart and soberly dressed.
12] Gather adequate general knowledge.
13] Tell frankly if you can’t answer any question.
14] Arrive 15 minutes early. Late attendance is never excusable
15] Show gratefulness to the interviewers if they suggest the answer.
16] Show your interest in the job and never give the impression that you are
only casually appearing before the interviewers.
[B] Don’ts :
1] Do not appear nervous or shaky.
2] Do not speak in an affected or aggressive style.
3] Don’t try to elaborate your answer.
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4] Don’t interrupt the interviewer.

5] Do not enter into an argument with the interviewer.
6] Never answer a question until you have listened to it well.
7] Do not hesitate in answering questions.
8] Do not be shabbily or gaudily dressed. 9] Do not boast or
show ill manners.
10] Do not try to evade answering the questions
11] Do not lose your balance or presence of mind.
12] Do not speak in a vague or obscure manner.
13] Do not try to confuse or flatter the interviewer.
14] Do not talk more than what is needed.
15] Do not hesitate to show your ignorance if you don’t know the answer to
a question.
16] On the other hand, don't answer questions with a simple "yes" or "no."
Explain whenever possible.
17] Do not lie. Answer questions as truthfully as possible.
18] Do not make derogatory remarks about your present or former
employers or companies
Check your progress – 1
Write Short Notes On The Following :- 1]
The common Do’s for an interview.
2] The Don’ts for an interview.
3] The common Do’s and Don’ts that you ought to remember to face an
interview.

1.2.2 Section - 2
[IV] Some Fundamental Qualities
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[A] Confidence :-
Nervous, timid and shaky candidate can’t face an interview successfully. You should
get rid of the old habit if it holds you back. So, try to establish a new one and
continue to use it. e. g. habit of shyness, of timidity should be replaced by habit of
courage and self-confidence. If you have a strong will to win, you will find a way.
Lack of self-confidence arises out of your shortcomings. Try to be sociable and mix
with different people with different habits. The more experience you gather the
more confidence you will develop. Participate in different types of activities, physical
as well as mental.
[B] Personality :-
A winning personality is the key factor in success. It is the sum total of your qualities
physical, mental and spiritual. It does not consist only of handsome features or well-
built body. It includes physique, appearance, intelligence, aptitude and an
individual’s characteristic ways of conducting himself or herself in everyday
situations. An experienced interviewer will gain valuable insights into the individual’s
personality traits from his expressed interests, ambitions, dress, mannerism,
hesitations and emotional blockings . The way you open the door, enter the room,
wish the interviewers, draw the chair and sit down, your facial expression etc. All
these are embodied in your personality.
[C] Expression :-
The way you express your thoughts and ideas is very important in deciding your fate
at the interview. Your expression will reveal your power of thinking. If your thoughts
and ideas are clear you will express them clearly in an effective manner. Confused
and ambiguous thoughts can’t be expressed in a clear and convincing way. Your
affected style of speaking or pedantic way of talking cannot impress the
interviewers. Your answers should be short, precise, well-worded and spoken in a
clear and pleasing tone. Even correct answers given in a harsh and irritating tone
create an unfavorable impression on interviewers. You should not argue with the
interviewer though you find that he is wrong.
[D] Alertness :-
You should be alert at the time of interview. Take less time in understanding the
question. The interviewer may interrupt you while answering a question. The
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interviewer may forget the previous questions and ask a new one. Don’t show any
sign of irritation for not allowing to answer the previous question. Show your
preparedness to accept new challenges. Don’t repeat ‘I beg your pardon, Sir’ It
shows your lack of attention and alertness. This may irritate the interviewer. Your
alertness in responding to questions shows that you are quite serious about
interview.
[E] Manners :-
You are always judged by your manners. It shows your status, breeding and
background. So, cultivate good and pleasing manners. Try to adopt the best
manners. They are revealed in your posture, walking, entering the room, wishing the
interviewers, facing them, speaking to them and so on. Hence, prove that you are a
well-mannered person. When you enter the room, stand properly. Hold your head
high and your hands by your side. Stand erect showing a genuine interest and
attention. Be your normal self and show confidence. Thus, your body language will
speak better than your words. Avoid moving hands, head, legs, while sitting, smiling
without reason, thumping the table, sitting or standing in an abnormal way etc.
[F] Smartness :
Dress smartly to catch interviewer’s attention. It does not mean a costly dress. Your
clothes should be properly tailored and fit you well. As an interview is a serious and
solemn affair, put on sober, simple and pleasing dress. It shouldn’t be showy.
Consider the weather and season while choosing your dress. You should be at ease
in your clothes. Polish your shoes properly. Your hair should be well-combed without
looking much oily. Thus, try to show at your best. Check your progress – 2
Q. Write the true-to-life answers to the following questions:-
1] What is your native place?
2] Tell us something about your native place?
3] Where did you complete your post- graduation ?
4] What was the special subject for your post- graduation?
5] What are your hobbies ?
6] What do you know about the president of this institute ?
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7] Did you participate in any extra-curricular activities ?

8] Do you have any experience of this post ?

1.2.3 Section - 3
[V] Why and How to research the company/institute ?
You must research the company/institute and the position for which you have
applied for the following reasons :-
[A] Research enables you to have an edge over the other rival candidates.
Employers expect you to have basic knowledge about the company or institute.
They ask some questions to judge your suitability for the position. So, your
relevant research enables you to reply questions during the interview. Don’t
forget “Knowledge is power.” Research gives you knowledge and it makes you
powerful.
[B] Research shows your willingness and sincerity to join the particular position.
The employer wants to judge your seriousness for the position you have applied
for. So, show your seriousness by doing research about the company or
organization. Though the job market is great for job seekers, employers don’t
hire candidates who are not a match for their needs. If you don’t make
research, you won’t answer questions like- Why do you wish to join this
company? or How do you feel suitable for the position ? or How would you be
able to face the challenges entailing to the position you have applied for ? etc.
[C] When you are an outsider, you have to compete with someone from inside of
the company who knows a lot about the company and the position. So, your
research should prove your competitive suitability for the position. The more
you know about the organization, the position, the products etc.; the better you
are prepared and the more chances you have to defeat the insider.
[D] If you are an insider, think that your knowledge about the company and its
competitors is naturally more than the others. The best outsiders are doing a
lot of hard work to prove that they are more competent than you. So, keep
yourself ahead of others, whether from inside or outside. Do your research well
and don’t let the chance go in someone else’s pocket. [VI] Some Typical
Questions With Suggested Answers :- [1] Tell me about yourself.
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Keep yourself brief. Avoid irrelevant details. Your answer should provide information
of something you have in common with the interviewer. Describe some of your
personal traits such as hobbies/interests. Mention your past work experience,
training and specific knowledge useful for the job. Similarly, your answer must focus
on your skills relevant to the job.
[2] Why should I hire you ?
Tell the interviewers some relevant example from your past that will prove your
suitability for the job. If you have little experience, tell them about your
education/your suitability for the job. Give examples of situations that demonstrate
your energy, positive attitude, motivation, determination to achieve the goal.
[3] What are your major strengths ?
This appears to be a plain question, but while answering it think about what makes
you unique and how you can make yourself different from others. Don’t give the
same answers everybody gives. Codify your answer in some new way that it looks
different and more impressive. e.g. Common answer :- I am very energetic person.
Unique answer :- I am energized by challenges and deadlines.
[4] What do you know about our company / institute ?
Mention maximum positive features about the company. Tell them about the
products or services, revenues, sales-management style, history of the institute,
founder members, impartial administration, its social obligation, any awards given to
them etc. Show your interest in the company. But, don’t claim that you know
everything.
[5] What are your weaknesses ?
None is free from weakness. Never speak about a weakness that could darken your
ability to accomplish the job. Never disclose your personal or private matters. Try to
mention a couple of weaknesses that the interviewer might see as your strengths
e.g. I feel anxiety until the work is in progress. Or Sometimes I become a little too
meticulous about the quality of work.
[6] Why did you leave your last job ?
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Be careful with such a question. The employer wants to know if you had any
problems on your last job. If you did not have any problems, simply give a reason
like:-
1) The company has relocated away from the original place, Or 2) Company went
out of business, Or 3) Temporary job. Or 4) No possibility of advancement Or 5)
Wanted a job better suited to your skills. Never describe the previous employer in
negative terms. Demonstrate that it was a learning experience and that it will
strengthen your work potential. Explain that you can accept responsibility and be
always ready to learn from your mistakes.
[7] What salary do you expect to receive ?
You need to find out what range of salary the job is normally offered. Most lines of
work have a set salary range or a salary package. It won’t be wise to discuss salary
before you get a job offer. If the interviewer insists, either say that you trust that the
offer will be fairly reasonable based on your qualification, or answer the question
using a range.
[8] What prompted your decision to apply for this position ?
Make research of the company and about the job. Study the job ad in advance.
However, it is better for you to talk to someone in the organization already on the
job or make proper enquiries beforehand from the reception or some executive etc.
Never say, “I need a job, or the higher salary attracted me.” [9] What are your
hobbies / interests ?
Describe your hobbies that reflect on your moral values, your thirst for knowledge
or that they are necessary to keep you fit. Mention a hobby i.e. helpful in enhancing
your knowledge e.g. visiting a library or attending seminars or reading literary works
etc.

Check Your Progress – 3

Q. Form WH questions to get the following statements as answers :-
1] I am from Satara.
2] My hobbies are sports, music and reading.
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3] Mumbai is the commercial capital of our country. It is also the capital of

Maharashtra State.
4] My specialization is in English Language and Literature.
5] The full form of WHO is World Health Organization.
6] I scored 78% marks at post graduation.
7] Now, I am serving in a private school.
8] “Gitanjali” is a book of poems by Rabindranath Tagore.
[VII] Some Hypothetical Questions With Suggested Answer :-
[1] What would you do, if a fellow executive at your own corporate level does not
cooperate with you reasonably and this delays the work assigned to your own
department ?
Ans. :- I would like to talk to that person directly and apprise him politely of the
problems encountered by my department. I will request him to extend his
constructive cooperation, necessary for the smooth functioning of the organization
as a whole. I will use all my wit to persuade him by letting him know the benefits of
mutual cooperation and help. Every problem can be resolved with positive and
determined approach.
[2] How would you act in a situation when your boss is crazy about an idea, but you
think it would be an utter failure ?
Ans. :- I owe it to my boss that I should give my honest opinion . I shall tell him the
flaws in his idea in a very positive and convincing manner. My boss always respects
my views. I hope he will also consider what I submit to him. If he overrules me and
asks me to do it in his way, then I shall extend my full support to make it a grand
success.
[3] If you are in a situation when everyone is against you and you think that you are
on the right track , how will you react ?
Ans. :- I will react in a positive way. I will put the facts before the authority who can
decide the issue impartially. I will put forward my suggestions on the issue and show
that I have no personal interest, and it is only in the best interest of the company. I
should use my past experience and any action taken by me in my career in similar
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situation. If the things are not decided as per my views, then I will work hard and
support the decision of the authority.
[4] If you win a lottery of one crore, will you leave the job ?
Ans.:- No, I won’t leave the job. Money is not the sole criterion of happiness and
inner satisfaction. I believe in working hard and do something on my own. In my
opinion, hard earned money is essential to lead a happy and satisfactory life.
Moreover, winning a lottery will make my life free from financial anxiety. It will give
me liberty to think more positively with more options at my hand. Leaving the job is
no option at all.

1.3 Summary:
Interview is the most important device for selection of employees. There is the
relationship between the interviewee (the candidate) and the interviewers (the
employers) at the time of interview. The fundamental qualities such as confidence,
personality, ways of expression, alertness, manners, smartness, etc. are judged at
the time of interview. You should remember the general do’s and don’ts for the
interview. You must prepare yourself for the interview to be successful.

1.4 Terms to Remember

employee : an individual who provides labour to a company or another
person
employer : a person, firm or company which pays for the services of another
person
stability : the condition of being stable
frustration : the state of disappointment
aptitude : natural ability or talent physiology : a
branch of biology that deals with the functions and
activities of life or living matter (as organs, tissues, or
cells) and of the physical and chemical phenomena
involved
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gratefulness : the state of thankfulness aggressive : attacking

shabbily : in a torn, ragged or poor condition gaudily : in a showy
manner boast : talk loudly, full of self praise; loud positive
appraisal of oneself
evade : avoid; escape from flatter : praise too
much ; praise insincerely

1.5 Answers to check your progress – 3

1. Where do you come from?
2. What are your hobbies?
3. What is Mumbai famous for?
4. What is your specialization for post graduation?
5. What is the full form of WHO?
6. What percentage of marks did you score for post graduation?
7. What are you doing now?
8. What do you know about ‘Gitanjali’?

1.6 Exercise
Q. [I] Read the following advertisement carefully and answer the questions given
below the advertisement :-
WANTED
Area Manager-04
Dhanashri Publication
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Kolhapur Branch
For
Stationary Division
Graduate, Dynamic
Experience in sales 4-5 years
Apply at Dhanashri_ [email protected]

Answer the questions in complete sentences :- 1]

What post has been advertised ?
2] Where is the employer located ?
3] What qualification is expected by the advertiser ?
4] How will you apply for the post ?
[ II ] WE INVITE YOU TO JOIN WITH US AND GROW
MANAGER -01
Minimum 5 yrs experience, Good interpersonal skills.
PROJECT IN-CHARGE -02
Minimum 2 yrs experience, Good communication skills.
ACCOUNTANT-01
Minimum 5 yrs experience, GDC&A, Tally, fluency in English and Hindi
Walk-in with your resume at
BALAJI GARMENTS
Mangalwar Peth, New Vikasnagar, Nashik-03 e-mail:
[email protected]

Answer the following questions in complete sentences :- 1]

What is the requirement of the third post ?
2] How will you answer the question about fluency in English and Hindi ?
3] How will you describe your experience for the second post ?
4] What certificates will you produce for the second post ?
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Unit-1

b) Developing Vocabulary

1.0 Objectives
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Content
1.2.1 Sub – Content I (Words in Context)
Self – Check I
1.2.2 Sub Content II (Morphological Processes)
Self – Check II
1.2.3 Sub – Content III (Vocabulary Development)
Self – Check III
1.3 Key to Self – Check Exercises
1.4 Summary
1.5 Exercises
1.6 Writing Activity
1.7 Further Reading

1.0 Objectives
After studying with this unit you will be able to :

• enrich your vocabulary.

• understand how to guess the meaning of words through the context

• learn to make how to use of synonyms and antonyms.

• understand that there are different shades of meaning of the synonyms as well
as antonyms.

• learn how prefixes and suffixes are useful to create new words.
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• learn the use of problem words in English.

1.1 Introduction
Most of us feel that lack of second language vocabulary is an obstacle to more
effective communication and comprehension. Learning new words and structures of
another language requires conscious mental effort. Learning is language-based
activity and it is fundamentally and profoundly dependent on vocabulary
knowledge. Learning can’t really happen without appropriate vocabulary. Learning
starts with vocabulary. It is continually enlarged by new and richer vocabulary and it
can’t fail for lack of vocabulary. Vocabulary should be ubiquitous in our instruction. It
has to underline and infuse every sphere of learning including every element of
literacy : reading, listening, discussing, writing and every content domain.
In the previous unit, you have learnt how to face interview. You have come across
dos and don’ts of interview. For facing interview, you must have good speaking skill.
For four skills, you must have good and sound knowledge of vocabulary. The present
unit aims at development of vocabulary in English. As you are going to complete
your graduation and preparing for P.G. courses or appearing for competitive
examinations, you have to improve your reading and writing skills, enrich vocabulary
and be able to communicate effectively in English. The unit aims to show how to
increase your word-power, understand meanings of words as per context and its
clues and to show how vocabulary building is a creative process.
We are learning English means we are developing English language learning skills.
They are Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing. To develop all these skills,
language should be lived rather than learnt. To achieve all these skills, vocabulary
plays a very vital role. It is a core component. So, we want to know some ways or
techniques of developing vocabulary in the unit. English, as an international
language, is being prosperous, developed and spread day by day. The new words are
always added to English. The latest edition of internationally reputed English into
English dictionary can help us to keep update with English vocabulary. However,
dictionary is one of the sources to develop vocabulary and it can’t be learnt by
heart. A good dictionary is like an ideal device which helps us to comprehend the
word with its new form, class, usage and pronunciation.
Word, phrase, clause and sentence are the grammatical units. Word is the smallest
one and sentence is the longest one among these units. A phrase is made of a word
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or words. The elements of a clause are phrases and a complex sentence may contain
two or more clauses. To develop vocabulary, we should consider a word in its
functional role in given context rather than in isolation. The form of the word is less
important and its meaning is the least important criterion. Unfortunately, we foreign
learners give more importance not even to meaning of words exactly but to its
translation in our first or second language.
There are two classes of words. They are Open Class and Closed Class words. The
Open Class words are : Nouns, Adjectives, Adverbs and Verbs whereas the closed
class words are Determiners, Pronouns, Prepositions, Conjunctions. Interjections,
Enumerators and Operator Verbs. There are different word formation processes
because of which the words can change their classes. These word formation
processes are Compounding, Affixation, Conversion, Clipping, Blending and
Acronym. To develop vocabulary, we have to understand the contextual function of
word, its form and meaning. Here are some clues with which we can develop our
vocabulary.

1.2 Content
1.2.1 Sub – Content I (Words in Context)
A. Context provided by synonymous expressions:
Synonym means words with similar meaning. Sometimes, we come across an
unknown or a new word. The meaning of such word is expressed by using
synonymous word. To understand such words, we can use the synonymous
expressions within the sentences. For example:
1. In the Seventh Pay Commission, the workers will demand exorbitant, that is,
excessively high, pay scales.
2. Normally, kitchen is adjacent, or next to, living.
3. She did not want a lavish, that is, expensive, party for her birthday.
4. It is a very pretty, or beautiful, flower.
The underlined expressions in the above sentences are synonymous. Here, the
synonymous words are introduced by ‘that is’ and or’.
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B. Context provided by antonymous expressions:

Antonyms are words which express opposite meanings of the given words, for
example: good x bad, tall x short. Sometimes, the antonyms are given for
understanding certain words in the same sentences. Now, read the following
sentences.
1. The task was so complicated, on the other hand, if it was easy, he could do it.
2. He enjoyed the game with alacrity, however, his mother looked gloomy and
without cheer as he was ill.
In these sentences, the terms like ‘on the other hand’ and ‘however make us easy to
understand the antonyms: complicated X easy, alacrity X gloomy and without cheer.
Similarly, there are some more expressions which can help us to identify the
antonyms or expressions with opposite meanings. They are:
Although, but, conversely, despite, in contrast, instead, nevertheless, whereas, yet
Read the following sentences.
3. He was interested in modern art but he was enjoying ancient temple that day.
4. The teacher asked the students to write numbers in descending order instead
ascending one.
C. General Context:
Sometimes, there may not be synonyms or antonyms to understand the meaning of
a particular word. The general meaning of the sentence or of the whole text can give
us a clue to explain the meaning of the word. Such expressions are normally used to
give example. Here are some expressions: like, for instance, for example, such as,
including, consist of.
Read the following sentences.
1. Every good artist has an urge to win an award such as Film Fare Award, Oscar
Award and Nobel Prize.
2. The ambitious person may have aspirations, like getting a good job, going
abroad and starting a new business.
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Here, the general context helps us to understand the meanings of the words ‘urge’
and ‘aspirations’. They are strong ‘wish’ and ‘dreams ‘desires’ respectively.
Self – Check I
A. Choose the alternative that indicates correct meaning of the word in bold in the
following sentences.
1. Sachin was looking gloomy as he was reading a sad poem.
a. unhappy b. good c. cheerful d. delighted
2. The boss was angry because the new employee did not know the protocol.
a. work b. procedure c. subject d. agreement
3. The doctor advised him to abstain from smoking.
a. promise b. obey c. do without d. enjoy
4. The trainer asked me to accelerate the vehicle while overtaking.
a. stop b. change the gear
c. press the clutch d. increase the speed
5. Most of the times, a kitchen is adjacent to a living room.
a. next to b. above c. below d. opposite
B. Choose the alternative that indicates correct meaning of the word in bold in the
following sentences.
1. He is an amateur player but his sister is a professional artist.
a. one who takes part out of interest b. one who is younger
c. one who is not adult d. one who plays for money
2. It was a good compliment instead of insulting.
a. complete wishing b. accomplishment
c. party d. complain
3. It was quite apparent that India would win the World Cup but it was not
clear who would be the man of series.
a. obvious b. vague c. doubtful d. unclear
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4. The lighthouse is stationary whereas the ships are mobile.

a. luminous b. steady c. transportable d. lightening
5. She is very methodical on the other hand her brother is rather
disorganized.
a. confident b. progressive c. systematic d. clever
C. Choose the alternative that indicates correct meaning of the word in bold in the
following sentences.
1. Now-a-days, the institutions are being autonomous so that they can run
their courses independently.
a. money-minded b. powerful c. independent d. dependent
2. All the passengers perished in the road accident that means no one was
survived.
a. flied b. travelled c. died d. perched
3. A heinous crime can defame the country. For instance, the Nirbhaya
episode in Delhi.
a. wicked and shameful b. financial
c. religious d. political
4. She performed her task with the utmost efficiency therefore she could win
the prize.
a. more b. extreme c. greatest d. useful
5. Mumbai has a heterogeneous population because people from different
parts of the country live there.
a. united b. integrated
c. democratic d. very different from each other

1.2.2 Sub Content II (Morphological Processes)

A. Affixation:
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Morphological processes are word formation processes. it is a major part in

morphology. The formation of new words enriches vocabulary. There are various
word formation processes. They are: Affixation, Conversion, Compounding,
Reduplication, Clipping, Blending and Acronymy, etc.
Affixation is a very important word formation process, In Affixation, there are three
types of Affixes: i) Prefix, ii) Suffix and iii) Infix.
a. Prefixation : In this process, an affix (a prefix) is attached to the base or stem
word in the beginning to form a new word. See the following table.
Prefix Base / Stem Word New Word
ir - regular irregular
dis - like dislike
un - happy unhappy
il - legal illegal
mis - understanding misunderstanding

b. Suffixation: In suffixation, an affix (a suffix) is attached to the base or stem at

the end to form a new word. The following table shows how a new word is formed
by adding a suffix.
Base / Stem word Suffix New word
light -en lighten
manage -ment management
child -hood childhood
happy -ness happiness
leader -ship leadership

C. Infixation:
An infix is placed or inserted inside the base or stem word. In English, while
analyzing plurals like goose/geese, men/women. They are also found in languages
like Sanskrit, Cambodian and Sudanese.
B. Word Classes and Affixation:
The words are divided into different classes. There are two major classes of words.
They are Open Class Words and Closed Class Words. The Open Class Words include
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Noun (N), Adjective (Adj), Adverb (Adv) and Verb (V). The members in the Closed
Class Word are Determiner (d), Pronoun (pn), Preposition (p), Conjunction (cj),
Operator-Verb (v), Interjection (ij) and Enumerator (e).
In the word formation processes, sometimes the new word may change its Class or
sometimes it may not. So, there are two types of prefix: class maintaining and class
changing prefixes. For example: a. Prefix:
i. Class Maintaining Prefixes:
Prefix Stem / Base Word (class) New word (class)
un - important (Adj) unimportant (Adj)
re- check (V) recheck (V)
dis- connect (V) disconnect (V)
co- pilot(N) co-pilot (N)

ii. Class Changing Prefixes:

Prefix Stem / Base Word (class) New word (class)
be- calm (Adj) becalm (V)
de- coconut (N) decoconut (V)
em- power (N) empower (V)
en- danger (N) endanger (V)

b. Suffix:
Suffixes are mainly of two types: i) inflectional suffixes and ii) derivational suffixes.
The inflectional suffixes just inflict the words. They do not form new words. For
example, the plural form (inflection), ‘books’, is formed by adding an inflectional
suffix, ‘-s’ to ‘book’. Inflectional suffixes always occur with Nouns, Adjectives,
Adverbs and Verbs. There are eight types of inflectional suffixes. They are:
i. Inflectional Suffixes:
Adjectives and Adverbs
Nouns Verbs

i. Plural : -s, -es i. Comparative: -er i. Simple Present Tense when

e.g. girls, toys e.g. bigger, taller subject is 3rd person singular:
buses, benches -s, -es
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e.g. writes, goes

ii. Possessive: -'s e.g. ii. Superlative: -est e.g. ii. Past Tense:’ -ed
Ram’s, teacher’s smallest, fastest e.g. played, worked
iii. Present Participle: -ing
e.g. coming, getting, working
iv. Past Participle:- en e.g.
written, given,

ii. Derivational Suffixes:

By adding derivational suffix, a new word is formed. Derivational suffix may be
followed either by derivational suffix or by inflectional suffix. For example, players is
a word formed by adding a derivational suffix ‘-er’ and an inflectional suffix -s’. Some
derivational suffixes change the class of the root / base word to which they are
attached. Some do not. Therefore, there are two kinds of derivational suffixes: i.
Class Maintaining Derivational Suffixes and ii. Class Changing Derivational Suffixes.
For example:
i. Class Maintaining Derivational Suffixes:
Base / Stem word Suffix Derived/New word
leader (N) -ship leadership (N)
leaf (N) -let leaflet (N)
child (N) -hood childhood (N)
king (N) -dom kingdom (N)
bribe (N) -ry bribery (N)

ii. Class Changing Derivational Suffixes:

Base / Stem word Suffix Derived/New word
faith (N) -ful faithful (Adj)
manage (V) -ment management (N)
slow (Adj) -ly slowly (Adv)
simple (Adj) -fy simplify (V)
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light (N) -en lighten (V)

C. Affixation and Word Meaning:

Affixation changes not only the form of the word but also its meaning. For
example, read the following table. L. Prefixes:
Prefix Meaning Example
anti- - against antigravity
auto- self autopilot
bi- two bicycle
dis- not disagree
ex- out, former ex-serviceman
in- , ir- , im- not incorrect, irregular, impossible
re- again reuse

Thus, the above examples show that the prefixes have their own meaning. These
prefixes provide certain clues to understand the meanings of the unfamiliar word.
Look at the following prefixes and words formed by them. They express
different kinds of meanings. a. Negative Prefixes:
Prefix Word Formed with Prefix Word Formed with
un - unimportant dis- dislike
in inattentive mis- mislead
ir- irregular anti- anticorruption
im- impractical mal- malpractice
a- moral il- illegal
b. Place Prefixes:
Some prefixes express the sense of place related with meaning. Study the following
examples.
Prefix Meaning Example Prefix Meaning Example
ab- away absent circum- around circumspect
trans- across transport inter- between interfere
pro- forward project sub- under substation
epi- upon epicenter de- down declass
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c. Number Prefixes:
Here are some prefixes which express numerical or quantity related meanings
which are given in the following table.
Prefix Meaning Example Prefix Meaning Example
uni- one uniform bi- two bisect
tri- three tricolour quad- four quadrilateral
cent- hundred centimeter multi- many multinational
mono- one monologue hyper excessive hyperactive
poly- many Polytechnic oct- eight octagonal
pent- five pentagon sept- seven septet

d. Time Prefixes:
Here are some prefixes which express time related meanings given in the following
table.
Prefix Meaning Example Prefix Meaning Example
pre- before prehistory post- after postpone
re- again rewrite retro- Back/backward retrospective

ii. Suffixes:
Like prefixes, suffixes also have their own meanings. Read the following examples.
Suffix Meaning Example
-able having ability reachable, manageable
-ate, -fy cause (to become) educate, activate; clarify, justify
-tion state, action construction, education
-ize make, put parts together criticize, summarize
-ist expert scientist, chemist
-ish like, resembling childish, foolish
-ness condition, state, quality happiness, kindness
-less without careless, useless
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-ly in a certain manner slowly, properly

-y. -ity quality, trait sticky, rainy; activity, purity
-ic, -ical of like or related to tragic, comic; economical,
magical
-ology science, study of morphology, biology
-ous full of, like joyous, glorious

Similarly, when a suffix is attached to the root, word may change its Class, for
example, ‘Noun’ can become a ‘Verb’ or a ‘Verb’ can be a ‘Noun’. Therefore, suffixes
are added to form a certain class of a word. Here are some examples. i. Noun
forming Suffixes:
Suffix Example Suffix Example
-ion location -ness madness
-ant attendant -ist socialist
-ence interference -ment treatment
-sion permission -ity credibility
-ation presentation -acy accuracy
-ent president -ice cowardice
-er driver -or creator

ii. Adjective forming Suffixes:

Suffix Example Suffix Example
-y windy -ible audible
-ful faithful -ish childish
-ive active -ly lovely
-ant hesitant -al logical
-ic heroic -ical political
-ous dangerous -able answerable
-ing enchanting -some troublesome
-worthy noteworthy -esque picturesque

iii. Verb forming Suffixes:

Suffix Example Suffix Example
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-ize realize -ify clarify

-en weaken -ate motivate

iv. Adverb forming Suffix:

Normally, suffix ‘-ly’ is added to an Adjective to form an Adverb. For example,
Slowly, kindly, beautifully, carefully, certainly, happily, cleverly,
badly, unfortunately, etc.
Self – Check II
A. Form a new word by choosing an appropriate Prefix or Suffix from list ‘A’ which
matches to the appropriate base/stem word from list ‘B’.
List ‘A’: Prefixes and Suffixes:
1. Un- 2. -s 3. ir- 4. im- 5. –ed
6. -ment 7. -est 8. is- 9. en- 10. -ist

List ‘B’: Base/S tem Words:

social regular possible boy tall
work located happy dangered judge
B. Fill in the blanks by using the word given in the bracket with the appropriate
Prefix or Suffix.
1 He was looking ------ as he knew that his friend was no more. (happy)
2. The ------ of the institute was superb so it could achieve Grade ‘A’. (manage)
3. She ------ to Gymnasium everyday to maintain her health. (go)
4. The super star was the ------ actor of all in the film industry. (tall)
5. It is always said that the word ‘------’ is in the foolish man’s dictionary. (possible)
C. Give the negative forms of the following Adjectives by using appropriate Prefixes
with them.
1. perfect 2. logical 3. interesting 4. moral
5. honour 6. responsible 7. understanding 8. nutritious
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9. bodies 10. Correct

1.2.3 Sub – Content III (Vocabulary Development)
In the earlier parts of this unit, we have learnt that the study of the Synonymous,
Antonymous and Affixation (Prefixation and Suffixation), context help us to develop
vocabulary. In this concluding part of the unit, let’s deal with some more meaning
related aspects of the words. A. Synonymous pairs:
Semantics is the study of meaning in language. Semantics studies the referential
meaning in the context and also lexical relations within the internal relationship of
the words. In the course of the development of the language, the words are added
to it. This addition is because of the formation of new words or due to coinage of
new terms or because of the arrival of words from foreign languages into it. Most of
the times the synonymous words are added. They are words having the same
meaning. But these words are partial or not complete synonymous. For example,
study the following.

1. Some sets of the words belong to different dialects.

British Usage USA Usage
Autumn fall
Estate agent realtor
pavement sidewalk

2. Some synonyms differ due to regional preference. The degrees of formality also
differed due the use of synonyms. For example:
die - pass on, smell - odour,
gentleman - man - chap; pass away - die - pop off
These words go from more formal to less formal. So, they differ in their style.
3. Some words differ in their emotive or evaluative meanings. Study these pairs
with the help of the dictionary and find out how they differ in emotive or
evaluative use.
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conceal – hide politician -- statesman

stubborn -- resolute liberty -- freedom
4. The usage of some words is restricted in collocation. For example: adjective
‘pretty’ is used for girl, woman, flower, garden, village and colour; whereas
handsome is used for boy, man, car, typewriter, vessel, mountain and salary.
Similarly, we can say ‘freedom struggle or freedom movement’ but not liberty
struggle or liberty movement’. ‘Liberal’ is a good word in British Society but in
South Africa, it is taken in negative sense.
5. We consider 'tall and high’ are synonymous. We can have ‘a tall tree or high
tree’. We can have ‘a tall boy’ but not ‘a high boy’.
Now, see the following pairs of words which appear to be synonyms but they are
used in different context.
pay---remit, come --arrive, costly--expensive, grant --give, friend--mate. For example:
i. Pay the money in time. (Normal day-to-day situation) ii. Remit the fees
by cheque. (Official, formal context) iii. I will come tomorrow. (Informal)

iv. The train will arrive at 6.00 am tomorrow. (Official)

v. Please, grant me one day leave. (Official)
Hence ‘friend’ is more formal than ‘mate’ which is used in colloquial context.
6. There are some Adjectives which have nearly the same meaning. Read the
following pairs of sentences and try to understand their meanings.
i. Don’t be childish to want everything. His childlike simplicity won the
hearts of all.
ii. She is young and energetic. Your youthful enthusiasm can lead you to
success.
iii. ‘Robinson Crusoe’ is a novel based on a true story. I believe in her
because she is a truthful person.
iv. It was too big volume so it became unreadable for me. His handwriting
was illegible. So, he could not get expected marks in the examination.
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v. The hotel management served us stale and uneatable food. The

poisonous variety of mushroom is inedible.
vi. The developments in the country depend on the economic policies of
the government. The economical use of petrol can save your money.
vii. It was a historic visit of the Prime Minister. The historical manuscripts
are the authentic evidences.
viii. Being a sensible person, he takes decisions very carefully. A sensitive
writer can only write on the poverty of farm workers. B. Verbs in
Different Shades of Meanings:
1. There are some verbs which are synonymous in a sense but have different
overtones in meaning. Here are some of such pairs of verbs.
i. connive -- disregard, iv, thaw -- melt, vii. implore --
beg, ii. vindicate -justify, v. confiscate -- seize, viii. brag .-- boast,
iii. chew -- masticate, vi. plead -- beg for, ix. appease -- satisfy Now
let’s see how the following words have specific shades of
meanings\.

i. Overtly ‘connive or disregard’, means to ignore what is happening. But to

ignore '.......' means to ignore it purposefully and to disregard '.......' means
to ignore something as an unimportant.
ii. Vindicate has moral overtone and is more formal than justify.
iii. Chewing food is very common expression but masticate is a technical term
for chewing.
iv. To thaw means turning into liquid form like melting. But ‘melt’ can be
replaced by ‘thaw’ in the sentences like:
a) He repeatedly requested her and heart melted/thawed. He
repeatedly requested her and her heart thawed/melted.
b) The ice-cream was so sweet, that it melted/ thawed in no
time.
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The ice-cream was so sweet that it thawed/melted in no time

v. To seize is to take possession by force. Generally, seize is used in the sense
of catch or hold. For example: I seized him by his collar. Whereas confiscate
is a legal term meaning take possession e.g., You can confiscate your
property by law.
2. There are some verbs which have one general meaning but we can replace
them to each other because of their different shades of meaning. For example,
the verb ‘walk’ has the following general meaning.
‘Walk’ : stroll, wander, march, plod, stride, stagger, stray, ramble, stalk
i. The C.R.P. troop marched in the riot affected area. (disciplined, systematic
walk)
ii. The pair strolled in the garden. (walk for pleasure) iii. He strayed in the
streets out of frustration. (aimless walk) iv. We plodded to our hotel after
enjoying sightseeing. (tired walk) v. The cat lurked in the kitchen.
(stealthy walk)
Similarly, for a general meaning of ‘smile’, there are different verbs used for specific
meaning. These verbs used are:
Smile, giggle, grin, sneer, laugh, titter, chuckle, and guffaw.
Now, read some of the usages of these words in the following sentences and feel
the different shades of meanings expressed in the context.
i. When he saw, she smiled sweetly.
ii. The girls giggled and the children tittered at his joke. iii. At the
comedian’s performance, everyone chuckled. iv. She grinned to
see her rival's fault.
v. The class guffawed when the teacher shared a big joke.
vi. Most of the times, laughing aloud is considered mannerless.
Here, another group of verbs which has a general meaning ‘pull'. The verbs in this
group are: pull, draw, drag, jerk, lug, wrench, haul and tow.
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3. Verbs Related to...

i. Memory:
remember, recall. remind, come to mind, reminisce, cast mind back, to be
memorable, be nostalgic, memorise, learn by heart;
ii. Seeing:
see. observe, look, stare, glare, view, glance, perceive, (to)
eye; iii. Eating:
eat, swallow, gorge. gormandize, feed, devour, dine, lunch,
gnaw; iv. Talking: chat, tell, say, ask, speak, etc.
have similar or very close meanings. C.
Nouns in Different Context:
Here are some lists of nouns which have similar and close meanings. Such as:
i. house, residence, home, abode, hut, shanty, pad, bungalow, mansion, villa:
These Nouns are used for the places where one lives. House is a word which is used
very often but home refers to intimacy, love, affection, security, homely relations
and possessions. You can say ‘my house’ but not ‘my home’. The word ‘residence’ is
a formal and official term. ‘Abode’ is an archaic and poetic term. Hut is a poor,
humble place but more respected than shanty. In the cities, slums are called shanty-
towns. Pad is a colloquial expression for house. Bungalow, mansion and villa are rich,
big and luxurious places. Villa is normally situated outside the town or city and
bungalow and mansion are inside the city. Nowdays, mansion is the term used for
luxurious flat in a high quality and towered building. ii. Solicitor, pleader, advocate,
attorney, lawyer and counsellor:
These professions are related to law practices. But their association with the legal
matters makes them somewhat different from each other. For example, a solicitor
prepares a sale deed or a will and works at lower courts. Solicitor is a British term
whereas, an advocate is Scottish. In U.S.A., lawyer and attorney are the terms used
for law practitioners. In India the term Attorney General is used for legal officer in
government. A prosecutor is also a legal officer of the government, who works in
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lower courts. Barrister is also a British term used for the one who operates law in
High courts but a lawyer is used for practioner in lower courts.
iii. Shopkeeper, grocer, green-grocer, merchant, trader, hawker, vendor:
All these words are associated with selling goods. These terms are applied according
to the goods and their respective scale in quantity they sell. The shopkeepers are the
stationers, booksellers, hard-wares and medical store owners. A grocer is one who
sells household requirements like food grains, sugar, tea. etc. The vegetables and
fruit sellers are called green-grocers. A merchant is normally a wholesale dealer. A
hawker sells his goods in the streets carried in the cart and a vendor is the one who
sells objects and things.
To sum up, this is not all or even enough to develop and master the vocabulary.
These are just a few informative ideas regarding the developing vocabulary. A good
dictionary should be companion forever. Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing
are basic language learning skills which help to develop vocabulary along with
achievement of these skills. Just knowing or learning of language will not serve the
very purpose. One should live the language rather than learn it. After all, it is said,
Practice makes man perfect’.

. APPLICATION LETTER
Letter of application throws light on your ability, achievement, skills and overall
personality. In other words, it is a selling letter. As it represents your merits, you
should be attentive about your presentation. It makes easier for you to grab the
opportunity of a job. You should pen down your letter in such a way that it will
arouse interest in the reader's mind. It should reflect yourself as the 'best choice'
for the said post.
Your opening paragraph should capture the reader's attention. Be
straightforward and professional – remember you are selling yourself. In this unit,
there are some model letters for you to study.
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APPLICATION FOR THE POST OF AN ACCOUNTANT

Rajarampuri
th
5 Lane
Kolhapur.
15th Jan. 2015
The Chief Personnel Manager,
Hindustan Corporation Ltd.,
Mumbai.

Respected Sir/Madam,
With reference to your advertisement published in Times of India dated 7 th Jan.
2015, I would like to apply for the post of an Accountant.
I completed my B.Com. from D.R.K. College, Kolhapur in 2010, and my M.Com.,
with distinction, from Shivaji University, Kolhapur in 2012. I also successfully
completed the diploma courses in typing, shorthand and computer.
At present, I am working with M/s. Sunshine Ltd. Pune, as an assistant in the
accounts section. I would like to shoulder independent responsibility as an
accountant. I earnestly feel that your company will provide me good prospectus.
I shall try my best to deserve it.
I have fluency in English. During my college career, I had participated in debating
competitions and sports. I have given the details in my c. v. attached.
Yours faithfully,

(Pradip Rane)
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Enclosures –
1. C.V.
2. Attested copies of certificates

Letters related to Job Application

Study the following letter :

36, Mahatma Gandhi Road

Karad
8th April, 2015

The Manager ,
Pant Industries Pvt. Ltd,
Sangli.
Respected Sir,
I wish to apply for the post of Junior clerk, advertised in ‘The Loksatta’ dated 5 th
April, 2015. I am twenty five years old, and have passed M.A. form Shivaji
University, Kolhapur. I have also taken a course in MS-CIT and Type- Writing.
I enclose my C.V. If I am given the post, I can assure you I will do my best to give
you satisfaction .

Yours faithfully,

X.Y.Z.
Enclosures
1. C.V
2. Attested copies of certificates

Note A sample Application Letter

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Pravin Nalawade
32, Mahatma Gandhi Road,
Solapur.
26th Aug. 2015.

To
The Managing Director,
Krishna Fertilizers Ltd.
Udyam Nagar, Kolhapur.
Dear sir,
With reference to your advertisement in ‘ The Indian Express’, dated 15 th Aug.
2015, I wish to apply for the post of the production Manager in your renowned
company.
After having completed my degree in Chemical Engineering, I joined the M.B.A
course and specialized in production management. I would like to state that I
have had some success in evolving new techniques and process of maximising
production. I am sure your expanding organization will provide me further
opportunities to make greater contribution in this field. I should be thankful to
you if you kindly let me know whether you can use my services. My CV is
attached herewith. With thanks,
Yours faithfully,

(Pravin Nalawade )
Enclosures
1. C.V
2. Attested copies of certificates

Your application letter should include the following details

• The source of advertisement, the name of the post.

• Personal information, qualification given in details.

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• Formal closing.

• List of enclosures along with the C.V.

When you apply for a post,you should keep in mind the following points.

• Show confidence

• Do not exaggerate or make tall claims about your achievement.

• Your qualification must conform to the requirement of the said post

• Focus on your eligibility and relevant skills

• Give a strong reason to call you for an interview

• Make positive ending

You can start your application letter as given below :

• In response to your advertisement....

• With reference to your advertisement....

• I keenly desire to apply for ....

• I would like to apply for ....

Closing expressions:

• I shall be obliged if you call me for an interview.

• I would be grateful if you would ....

• I am eagerly waiting for an interview.

II. APPOINTMENT LETTER

As the Head or In-charge of a company / institution, you may have to write a
letter of appointment to the selected candidate. Such letters are written on the
letter head of the company / institution.
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Hindustan Corporation Ltd.,

Nariman point, Mumbai - 45.
Ref. No. : HCL/2015/07
Date : 20th Jan. 2015

Mr. Kuldip Kumar Roy

Subject – Appointment for the post of an Assistant Financial Manager.

Dear Mr. Roy,

I have pleasure to inform you that you have been selected for the post of an
Assistant Financial Manager on the total salary of Rs. 25,000/- per month. The
terms and conditions of the company are attached herewith. If you accept the
said terms and conditions, you are requested to report yourself to the
undersigned within 10 days from the date on which you receive this letter. You
are required to sign the enclosed terms and conditions while reporting for duty.
Please, note that your appointment can be cancelled if you fail to report within
ten days.

Yours faithfully,

(Mohan Das)
Chief personnel officer.

Enclosure
Terms and conditions of the company.
Copy to
1. H. R. Department
2. Accounts section
Letter of Appointment
Paradise Hotel Pvt. Ltd,
25, Vishram Bag,
Sangli.
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11th Feb. 2015.

Dear Mr. Suresh
Thank you for attending the interview on 5 th Feb with our Personnel Manager.
We are pleased to offer you the post of Personal Secretary to our Managing
Director at an initial salary of Rs. 10,000, per month inclusive of all perks and
benefits. Your commencement date would be from the date of your joining, but
you have to join within 10 days of the receipt of this Appointment Letter or it
would be cancelled without any further communication. It may also be
mentioned that in no case this joining period can be extended.
As already told to you during the interview, the working hours are 9.00 a.m. to
5.30 p.m. 5 days a week, with one hour for lunch. You will be entitled to 3 weeks’
paid holiday and one week’s half pay leave on medical ground.
Please, confirm immediately in writing that this appointment is acceptable on
the above terms and conditions. Also mention the date when you would join
your duty, but it should be within the stipulated period.
We look forward to your happy and fruitful career with us.
Yours sincerely,

Sunil Patil
Manager Note the format of the letter of appointment:
There is a letter-head. Below, at the left hand corner, there is reference number
and date, and then salutation. The letter mentions consolidated salary per
month. It also states the time limit by which the applicant should report for duty.
Note the use of passive construction :

• ……. are attached

• .........(you) are requested

• .........(you) are required

The closing of the letter is formal:
Yours faithfully
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The copy of this official letter is sent to the H.R. Department, and the Accounts
section. These sections have to carry out other formalities when the
candidate reports for duty.

III. ACCEPTANCE LETTER

After receiving an offer from an employer, it's your turn to respond to it as soon
as possible. This type of letter is called a job acceptance letter. It is not necessary
to wait until the expiry date of the offer. Study the following letter :

The General Manager,

Sarvodaya
Corporation, Pune –
38.

Dear Sir/Madam,
It is with great pleasure that I accept position of an Accountant in your company.
I look forward to this opportunity to work for you and give you my best services. I
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accept your offer of the Rs. 35000/- with the full range of benefits. I understand
the terms and conditions of the post, I am appointed for.
I am waiting for further correspondence from your office and the employment
contract which I have to sign. I look forward to beginning the program and meet
my team.

Yours sincerely,
Rohit Roy

Note the details in the letter above.

• Acceptance of the offer.
• Assurance of giving his best for the job
• Asking for the employment contract

Things to remember :
• Confirm the acceptance in writing
• Restate the terms of the appointment, job, title and other relevant
information, if any
Letter of Acceptance/ Joining Report etc.
A candidate who gets a letter of appointment or an office order, asking him to
join duties, is supposed to write to the office about his acceptance and when he/
she is going to join duties. In that case, he has to submit his joining report.
Study the following letter
J. K. Patil
37, Mangalwar Peth
Karad.
To
The Manager,
Pant Industries Pvt. Ltd.,
Sangli.
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SIKSHA SRIJAN ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
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Dear sir,
I am very much thankful to you for your letter dated 14 th April, 2015, appointing
me to the post of Junior clerk. I am joining my duties today, on 15 th of April 2015
b. o. h. I assure you that I will do my duties to your satisfaction.
Thanking you,
Yours faithfully,
J. K. Patil

Letter Accepting the Offer of Employment

To
The Manager,
Paradise Hotel Pvt. Ltd.,
Sangli

Dear Mr. Sunil Patil,

Thank you very much for your letter of 11 th Feb. offering me the post of Personal
Secretary to the Managing Director of your company.
I am glad to accept this offer on the terms and conditions given in your
appointment letter. I also confirm that I would commence my work from
Monday, the 1st of March.
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SIKSHA SRIJAN ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
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I want to assure you again that I would do my best to give an excellent account
of my work as a Personal Secretary.

Yours sincerely,

Suresh Sathe

IV. LETTER REGARDING INCREASE IN SALARY

The General Manager,

Astavinayak Finance
Ltd., Kolhapur.

Sir,
I have been working as an Assistant Financial Manager in your fast developing
industrial organization for a period of three years. I have been performing my
duties to the entire satisfaction of my superiors.
I strongly feel that my qualifications and the nature of my work justify a higher
salary. Besides, I have to think of my son`s education and the expenses I have to
incur for it. With my present salary, I find it difficult to meet these expenses. In
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Affiliated to SPU

view of this, I shall be grateful if you kindly grant me a rise in my monthly salary
to enable me to meet my family responsibility.
I will be extremely obliged to you for favorable action in this regard.
Yours faithfully,

(Suraj Patil)

Things to remember :

• The designation and experience of the employee should be mentioned.

Note the following expressions :

• I have been working .....

• I shall be grateful......

• I will be extremely obliged……………….

V. APPLICATION FOR LEAVE OF ABSENCE

The Manager,
Rajesh
Enterprise.
M.I.D.C., Kolhapur.
Subject : Application for one day`s casual leave.
Sir,
Kindly grant me one day's casual leave of absence on the 4 th February, 2015, as I
have some domestic problem to attend to.
With regards,
Yours faithfully,
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(Tanmaya Desai)
Note the details given in the leave application
The reason for leave.
The period / date
Note the expressions :
kindly grant me ……………
I shall be obliged if you grant me .......

VI. RESIGNATION LETTER

When a person wants to resign his post, he is required to give his employer a
formal notice of his intention to resign. The period of notice to be given is set
forth in the letter of appointment. Generally, a period of 30 days’ notice is
stipulated in the appointment letter.

Letter from an officer intending to resign his job

The Managing
Director, J. K. Finance
Ltd., Satara.

Sir,
I have been working as an assistant financial manager in your company for the
last three years. I am thankful to you for the opportunity I got to work in your
company. However, for my future prospects, I have to resign my job. Now I have
been offered a good yearly package by the fast growing multinational company. I,
therefore, request you to relieve me of my duties from the 1 st of June, 2015.
Kindly waive the condition of a notice period. I shall be greatly obliged to you for
this favour.
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SIKSHA SRIJAN ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
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I am very grateful to you and my colleagues for cooperation and healthy

atmosphere in the office.
With regards,
Yours faithfully,

V. M. Ghorpade

Note : Reason for the resignation

• Never speak ill about your previous employer and colleagues.
• Thank them for the time they have employed you.
• Maintain good relationship with the employer and colleagues as their
references will be useful for your future.
Task I
1. Suppose you are the General Manager of a financial company. Write a letter
of appointment for the post of an office assistant, giving all the necessary
details.
2. You are employed with Shreyas Chemical Plant, M.I.D.C. Kolhapur. You wish
to resign your job to join another chemical company. Write a letter of
resignation giving reason/s.
3. Mr. S. Y. Desai, Accountant in Mahalaxmi Housing Finance Ltd., needs casual
leave for 3 days as his mother is hospitalized. Write a letter of application for
leave on his behalf.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Media is considered to be the fourth pillar of the democracy. Writing letters to
the editors means to draw attention of the concerned authorities to the
difficulties and problems of the common people. You have a choice to praise, to
defend the issue. The columns which include the letters of readers are captioned
as "Letters to editor" or "Readers` forum" or "Readers` response"
1) A letter to the editor of a newspaper commenting on reckless driving in the
city.

The Editor,
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SIKSHA SRIJAN ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
Affiliated to SPU

The Indian Express,

Mumbai
Subject : Reckless and speedy driving in the city
Sir,
Accidents resulting from reckless driving have become a daily affair. The speedy
driving is responsible for most accidents. Generally, truck drivers, containers and
auto-rickshaw drivers are disregarding all the traffic rules. They speed away
before anyone could take down the number of their vehicles. The penalties
imposed for reckless driving are not effective. To avoid the accidents, traffic
police should be appointed at certain distances. The penalty for reckless driving
should also be raised. There ought to be patrol cars on the high ways.
Yours truly,

M. S. Kapase,
Kolhapur

Note – The letter is written regarding the serious problem of reckless driving and
suggesting a solution to overcome the problem.

2) A letter to the editor of a daily newspaper highlighting the deteriorating law

and order situation in your area and suggesting remedies to improve the
situation.
The Editor,
The Daily Sakal,
Kolhapur
Subject : Threat of thieves in Hariprasad Nagar, Kolhapur.
Dear Sir,
The law and order situation in our locality has become worse. The residents live
under great threat and tension. Last five days, we have witnessed serious
dacoities, which have made the locality utterly unsafe. All sense of peace and
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SIKSHA SRIJAN ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
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security has been shattered and the residents are worried about their life and
valuable things.
I am sure that there can be no improvement in the situation unless the night
patrolling as well as coverage of CCTV is intensified.
Yours truly,

R. N. Desai
Kolhapur.
Note :
Be reasonable while describing the problem. Give concrete examples
Such letters should be brief and clear.
Make suggestions for improving the situation / helping,etc.
Letters should not be written with a prejudiced mind.
Task II
1. Write a letter to a newspaper appealing for donations for an orphanage.
2. Write a letter to a newspaper on the evils of street begging.
3. Write a letter to a newspaper on the issue of suicides of students.

COMPLAINT LETTER
A complaint letter is a request letter written to the concerned authorities to
probe into the matter. Here you have to focus on describing seriousness of
problem. Your aim should be to get a solution for your problem.
Study the following sample letters :
Letter to the president of the municipality drawing his attention to the miserable
condition of the roads and the urgent need to repair them.
Mayuresh Rane
Vivekanand Colony
Gadhinglaj, Dist. Kolhapur.
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20th Jan. 2015

The President,
Municipal Council,
Gadhinglaj.
Subject : Miserable condition of the road.
Dear sir,
I, the resident of Vivekanand Colony, Gadhinglaj, feel it is my duty to bring to
your notice the miserable condition of the roads in our area. The inhabitants are
suffering due to the damaged roads. During rainy season, the school children as
well as old people suffer injuries and factures. These roads have become a
serious problem for pedestrians. If there is delay in repairing the roads, it will
result into dangerous accidents.
In view of the urgency of the matter, I request you to repair the roads without
delay.
Thanking you
Yours faithfully,
(Pradip Rane) Note
the expressions :
1. I feel it is my duty…..
2. In view of the urgency…..
Letter to the Commissioner of the Kolhapur Municipal Corporation his attention
to the irregular water supply.
25 Raj Marg,
Niwara, Kolhapur.
th
15 July 2015.
The Commissioner,
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation,
Kolhapur.
Subject – Irregular water supply in Rajarampuri.
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SIKSHA SRIJAN ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
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Dear Sir,
I have to bring to your notice that for nearly a month now, the water supply in
this area is quite irregular. We, all residents of this area, are suffering from this
irregular water supply. This creates a major hurdle in our day-to - day schedule. I
and other residents have brought this to the notice of your office, but no one has
taken any action. Will you kindly look into the matter?

Yours faithfully,
R. D. Patil

Write a letter to the Post Master of your city / town regarding your change of
address, requesting him to instruct the postman concerned. Give your old as well
as new address.
Rakesh Mane
Block No.4,
Guruprasad Apartment,
Sane Guruji Vasahat,
Kolhapur – 8
21st Dec. 2015

To
The Post Master,
Sane Guruji Vasahat,
Kolhapur – 8
Sir,
I have been serving in Bank of India for the last 7 years at branch Sane Guruji
Vasahat. But, now I have been transferred to Laxmipuri Branch. Hence, I request
you to take notice of my changed address. My new address is as given below:
325, Prajakt Nivas,
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SIKSHA SRIJAN ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
Affiliated to SPU

Main Road ,
Laxmipuri, Kolhapur- 12
I request you to kindly instruct the postman concerned with the ward.
Thanking you
Yours faithfully,
(Rakesh Mane)
Note

• the formal salutation and closing.

• Mentioning the subject is necessary.

• Polite request, “Will you kindly look into the matter?”

Task III
1. Write a letter to the municipal commissioner on the necessity of public park
in your area.
2. Write a letter to the Divisional Manager, State Travels (S.T.), about late
running of buses.
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SIKSHA SRIJAN ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
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