1

Republic of Mozambique
Maputo Province TERM II--2024
SDEJT-Manhiça
Manhiça Secondary School
_________
Grade 10 Handout

Name: ______________________________________________________________________
Stream: ________ Number: ______

English

Studying English is important in today‟s globalized world. English is the most widely used language in business,
science, and technology.
Knowing English allows individuals to communicate with people from different cultures and backgrounds,
making it easier to build relationships and collaborate across borders.
Additionally, many academic programs and job opportunities require a strong proficiency in English. Thus,
being able to speak and write in English can open doors to higher education, better job prospects, and increase
earning potential. It also provides access to a wealth of information and resources, including books, websites,
and media, which are primarily written in English.

https://learnenglish100.com/why-studying-english/

Bibliography:
-MATOLA, Justino, et al., Livro do aluno-Inglês-10 classe: Plural Editores
-Murphy, R. (2002) English Grammar in Use, 2nd edition: Cambridge University Press
 2

Contents

 Used to
 Reported speech
 Countable and uncountable nouns
 Quantitative adjectives (Quantifiers)
 Let‟s read (1)
 Passive
 Do and Make
 Present Perfect
 Prepositions of time
 Prepositions of place
 Let‟s read (2)

Bibliography:
-MATOLA, Justino, et al., Livro do aluno-Inglês-10 classe: Plural Editores
-Murphy, R. (2002) English Grammar in Use, 2nd edition: Cambridge University Press
 3

I. Used to

We use it to talk about things that happened regularly in the past.

Structure:

Subject + used to+ main verb (base form) …

Examples

 As a child, I used to play hide and seek. (I don‟t play it anymore)

 I used to live in Manica. (Today I don‟t live there anymore)
 „Do you go to the cinema much?‟ „Not now, but I used to.‟

Exercises

1. Rewrite the sentences below using “used to”.

a) Tony was my friend.

______________________________________________________________________________

b) I played electronic games.

______________________________________________________________________________

c) We ate at an expensive restaurant in Costa do Sol.

______________________________________________________________________________

d) Laura sold good second-hand clothes.

______________________________________________________________________________

II. Reported speech

I’m feeling sick.

Paul
Bibliography:
-MATOLA, Justino, et al., Livro do aluno-Inglês-10 classe: Plural Editores
-Murphy, R. (2002) English Grammar in Use, 2nd edition: Cambridge University Press
 4

You want to tell somebody what Paul said. There are two ways of doing it:

1. You can repeat Paul‟s words (direct speech):

-Paul said, „I am feeling sick.‟
2. Or you can use reported speech (indirect speech):
-Paul said that he was feeling sick.
When we use reported speech, the main verb of the sentence is usually past (Paul said that… /
she told me that… etc.). The rest of the sentence is usually past too. The present form in direct
speech changes to the past form in reported speech:

am/is – was do/does – did will – would can – could go – went want – wanted

are – were have/has – had know – knew like – liked buy – bought etc.

Examples

 Direct: Ana said, „I am going to learn to drive.‟

 Reported: Ana said that she was going to learn to drive.
 Direct: James said, „I want to buy a car.‟
 Reported: James said that he wanted to buy a car.
The past simple (was/were / did / saw / knew/ etc.) can usually stay the same in reported speech,
or can be changed to the past perfect (had been / had done / had seen / had known/ etc.)

Examples

 Direct: The teacher said, „the letter was opened.‟

 Reported: The teacher said that the letter was opened or
The teacher said that the letter had been opened.

In reported speech, some expressions regarding time, place and pronouns change too:

“here – there” “today – that day” “tomorrow – the following day”

“yesterday – the day before” “this – that” “this morning – that morning”

“tonight – that night” “next week – the week after” etc.

Bibliography:
-MATOLA, Justino, et al., Livro do aluno-Inglês-10 classe: Plural Editores
-Murphy, R. (2002) English Grammar in Use, 2nd edition: Cambridge University Press
 5

Examples

 Direct: She said, „I will phone you this evening.‟

 Reported: She said that she would phone me that evening.
 Direct: Peter said, „Marcos phoned me yesterday.‟
 Reported: Peter said that Marcos had phoned him the day before.
We can leave out “that”. So we can say:

 She said that she would phone me that evening or She said she would phone me that
evening.
 Peter said that Marcos had phoned him the day before or Peter said Marcos had phoned
him the day before.
Exercises

1. Match. (An example has been given)

here that day
today there
last year the following day
tomorrow the previous year
this afternoon the month after
next month that afternoon

2. Yesterday you met a friend of yours, Steve. You hadn‟t seen him for a long time. He told you
many things in direct speech. Later that day you tell another friend what Steve said.
Use reported speech:
a) I‟m living in Pemba.
___________________________________________________________________________
b) My sister has had a baby.
___________________________________________________________________________
c) I saw Helen at a party in June.
___________________________________________________________________________

d) My car was stolen last week.

___________________________________________________________________________
Bibliography:
-MATOLA, Justino, et al., Livro do aluno-Inglês-10 classe: Plural Editores
-Murphy, R. (2002) English Grammar in Use, 2nd edition: Cambridge University Press
 6

III. Countable and uncountable nouns

Nouns can be countable or uncountable.

Countable nouns Uncountable nouns

A countable noun can be singular (banana) or An uncountable noun has only one form (rice).
plural (bananas).
 I eat rice every day.
 I eat a banana every day.  I like rice.
 I like bananas.
We cannot use numbers with uncountable
nouns:
We can use numbers with countable nouns:
 one rice, two rices, etc.
 one banana, two bananas, etc.

We can use a/an with singular countable We cannot use a/an with uncountable nouns:
nouns:
 a rice, a sand, an oil, etc.
 I want a banana.
 Kate was singing a song. But, we can say “a… of…”
 There was an accident.  a grain of rice, a glass of water, etc
Here is a list of countable nouns: banana, cup, Here is a list of uncountable nouns: rice, water,
apple, accident, idea, song, beach, shoe, oil, sand, dust, fame, knowledge, meat, money,
photograph, tree, hand, etc. information, etc.

Exercises

1. Write C (countable) or U (uncountable)

egg _______ sugar _______ star ________ cable _______ honey_______

grass _____ milk________ money _____ way ________ college______

cake ______ wall ________ idea _______ blood _______ behaviour___

oil _______ cow ________ coffee _____ electricity ____ quality _____

rain ______ cheese ______ tank _______ advice ______ colour ______

Bibliography:
-MATOLA, Justino, et al., Livro do aluno-Inglês-10 classe: Plural Editores
-Murphy, R. (2002) English Grammar in Use, 2nd edition: Cambridge University Press
 7

IV. Quantifiers

We use quantifiers to state the quantity or amount of something without using numbers. They
answer the question “How many? /How much?”

Look:

Countable Uncountable Examples

some X X Paul bought some apples. I have some money.

any X X Do you have any doubts? Do you have any money?

many X I have many friends.

much X I don‟t have much sugar.

few X I know few people. I would like to know more.

a few X I know a few people; I know enough people to make me

happy.

little X I know little French. It will be a problem if I travel to France.

a little X I know a little French, at least enough to communicate.

enough X X I have enough pens. I have enough money to buy a pen.

plenty X X I have plenty of I have plenty of money.

friends.

Exercises

1. Complete the gaps using the following quantifiers: much some (a) little (a) few many

Bibliography:
-MATOLA, Justino, et al., Livro do aluno-Inglês-10 classe: Plural Editores
-Murphy, R. (2002) English Grammar in Use, 2nd edition: Cambridge University Press
 8

a) There are ___________________________ rivers in Gaza.

b) How _________________________ sugar do you need?

c) Very _____________________________ African people live in good health conditions.

d) I know ______________________________ Germany.

e) I need _____________________ money to buy a dictionary.

V. Let’s read (1)

Why do you let your brother's children go to school? Demanded Obed's eldest son, John. He was
twenty years old, a farmer who was working hard to buy himself a wife.

The girl - Ana - why waste money on her? It's not my money that is wasted, answered Obed. Her
mother pays for her education, but, even so she won't be going to college. She has only a few
more months of school. He laughed loudly. His sons looked puzzled. You don't understand, said
Obed. Don't you know that I hope to become a chief? To become a chief, a man had to offer a
large and expensive gift to the gods. Then he received the red hat, which was the mark of a chief,
and there were days of celebration. Indeed, in the old days, a slave was put to death to celebrate
this great event. It all cost a great deal of money. Well, what has that to do with Ana?' John
asked. Ana and your sister Oddet will get married at about the same time. Their bride prices will
come to me, and these days, people pay more for educated girls. Now his sons understood. So
Ana's name will come true, they thought. She will truly become a "father's wealth".
Unfortunately, her own father did not live to enjoy this wealth. But not to worry -Obed is almost
a father to her now. They smiled at their father's cleverness. He needed money in order to
become a boss. Ana's bride price will provide that money. She will marry a rich man, and make
us rich too, they thought.

(Adapted from The Bride Price by Buchi Emecheta, retold by Rosemary Border, published
by Oxford University Press)

Exercises

1. Put T - true or F - false in the following sentences according to the text:

a) Ana's father is dead. ________

b) Obed pays for Ana to go to school. ___________

c) Obed needs a lot of money to become a chief. ___________

Bibliography:
-MATOLA, Justino, et al., Livro do aluno-Inglês-10 classe: Plural Editores
-Murphy, R. (2002) English Grammar in Use, 2nd edition: Cambridge University Press
 9

d) Ana's bride price will go to her mother. ________

2. Should women go to school? Why?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

VI. Passive (is done/was done)

When we use an active verb, we say what the subject does:

 They built this school in 1982.

 We clean this room every day.

When we use the passive, we say what happens to the subject.

The passive is be (is/was, etc.) + past participle (done, eaten, cleaned, built, seen, etc.):

 This school was built in 1982.

 This room is cleaned every day.

If we want to say who or what causes the action, we use by… :

Active: Our ancestors built this school in 1982.

Passive: This school was built by our ancestors in 1982.
Active: Careless driving causes accidents.
Passive: Accidents are caused by careless driving.
Active: Ana accused me of stealing her pen.
Passive: I was accused by Ana of stealing her pen.

Exercises

1. Complete each sentence using one of these verbs in the correct form, present or past:
Bibliography:
-MATOLA, Justino, et al., Livro do aluno-Inglês-10 classe: Plural Editores
-Murphy, R. (2002) English Grammar in Use, 2nd edition: Cambridge University Press
 10

Cause hold invite make show translate write

a) Many accidents are caused by dangerous driving.

b) Cheese _______________________ from milk.
c) You _______________________ to the wedding. Why didn‟t you go?
d) A cinema is a place where films _______________________.
e) In Mozambique, elections for president _______________________ every five years.
f) Originally the book _______________________ in English, and a few years ago it
_______________________ into Portuguese.

2. Write questions using the passive. Some are present and some are past.
a) Ask about glass. (how/ make?)
How is glass made?
b) Ask about television. (when/ invent?)
____________________________________________
c) Ask about mountains. (how / form?)
____________________________________________
d) Ask about America. (when/ discover?)
____________________________________________

e) Ask about smartphones. (what/ use for?)

____________________________________________

VII. Verbs DO and MAKE.

 We use DO for actions, obligations, and repetitive tasks.

Do: good, business, one‟s best, (someone) a favour, one‟s hair, one‟s duty, etc.
Examples
 Can you do the shopping?
 I did my homework yesterday.
 I want time to do some reading.
 I will do my best to get good marks this year.

 We use MAKE for creating or producing something, and for actions we choose to do.

Bibliography:
-MATOLA, Justino, et al., Livro do aluno-Inglês-10 classe: Plural Editores
-Murphy, R. (2002) English Grammar in Use, 2nd edition: Cambridge University Press
 11

Make: an attempt, an effort, an offer, an excuse, a suggestion, a decision, an

exception, enquiries, a phone call, a mistake, a noise, arrangements, a journey,
progress, money, a profit, a fortune, love, a bed, a fire, war, peace, etc.
Examples
 Luísa made a mistake.
 I will make a phone call to my father tomorrow.
 Can you please make a fire for me?
 Will you please stop making a noise?

Exercises

1. Put in do or make

a) I want you to _____________ the homework.

b) He is ______________________ copies.

c) I am just going to ___________________ a call.

d) She is _______________________ the ironing.

e) Excuse me, can you _____________ me a favour.

Remember: the past simple of DO is DID and the past simple of MAKE is MADE.

VIII. Present Perfect Simple

The Present Perfect Simple expresses an action or event that is still going on or stopped
recently, but with consequence(s) in the present time.

Structure:

Subject+ have+/has+ Past Participle…

--Past Participle often ends in –ed (finished, played, copied, etc.), but many other verbs are
irregular (lost, eaten, done, etc.).

Examples

 Ana has come back.

 I can‟t write. I have cut my right hand.
Bibliography:
-MATOLA, Justino, et al., Livro do aluno-Inglês-10 classe: Plural Editores
-Murphy, R. (2002) English Grammar in Use, 2nd edition: Cambridge University Press
 12

 Marta has lost her pen.

 I haven’t finished to copy yet.

Exercises

1. Complete the sentences with the words in brackets. Use the Present Perfect or the Simple
Past.

A: Have you ever been in Europe?

B: Yes, I ______________. I (be) ______________ in Europe several times. In fact, I (be)

______________ in Europe last year.

A: Have you ever eaten at Mama Mia‟s?

B: Yes, I ______________. I (eat) ______________ there many times. In fact, I (eat)

___________________ there last night.

A: Have you ever talked to professor Gerson about your grades?

B: Yes, I ______________. I (talk) ______________ to him about my grades a couple of times.

IX. Prepositions of time

Preposition of time is a word we use to discuss when a particular action or event takes place.

Here is a list of some prepositions of time: before, after, during, since, for, until, at, on, in, etc.

Compare at, on and in:

 They arrived at 7 o‟clock.

 They arrived on Monday.
 They arrived in May. / They arrived in 2022.
We normally use:

(at) for a precise time

Examples

 Ana is on her way home at the moment.

 I have English classes at 11: 00 AM.
 We are going to see each other at noon.

Bibliography:
-MATOLA, Justino, et al., Livro do aluno-Inglês-10 classe: Plural Editores
-Murphy, R. (2002) English Grammar in Use, 2nd edition: Cambridge University Press
 13

(in) for months, years, centuries and long period

Examples

 I was born in 1999.

 Abel will come back in July.
 Things will be harder in the future.

(on) for days and dates

Examples

 Marta doesn‟t go to school on Saturdays.

 I went to the cinema on Sunday.
 My birthday is on 21st April.
 The Rome General Peace Treaty was signed on 4th October, 1992 in Rome.

Exercises

1. Put in at, on or in.

a) Micas was born in Manica _______________ 1999.
b) I haven‟t seen Kate for a few days. I last saw her _______________ Tuesday.
c) The price of electricity is going up _______________ October.
d) The course begins _____________ 7th April and ends sometime _____________ June.
e) I don‟t like driving _______________ night.
f) I will be working _______________ five years‟ time.

X. Prepositions of place
Preposition of place is a word indicating the location or position of something..

Here is a list of some prepositions of place: in, behind, between, under, in front of, beside, on, at,
above, next to, inside, near, outside, etc.

At/ in/ on

In general, we use:

(at) for a point

(in) for an enclosed space

Bibliography:
-MATOLA, Justino, et al., Livro do aluno-Inglês-10 classe: Plural Editores
-Murphy, R. (2002) English Grammar in Use, 2nd edition: Cambridge University Press
 14

(on) for a surface

at in on
(point) (enclosed space) (surface)
at the corner in the garden on the wall
at the bus stop in Maputo on the ceiling
at the door in a box on the floor
at the top of the page in my pocket on the carpet
at school in hospital on a page
at home in the sky on a road
at a party in bed on a train
Examples

 Gaspar is at the bus stop.

 Luis is sitting on the floor.
 Anita‟s mother is in hospital.

Exercises

1. Put in in, on or at.

a) My train arrives at 11:30. Can you meet me _______________ the station?

b) Some people are _______________ prison for crimes that they did not commit.

c) We spent a few days _______________ Chimoio.

d) Our flat is _______________ the second floor of the building.

XI. Let’s read (2)

What is Facebook?

Facebook is a social networking website launched in February 2004. It is operated and privately
owned by Facebook, Inc.

Users can add people as friends and send them messages and update their personal profiles to
notify friends about themselves. Additionally, users can join workplace, school or college‟s
networks. The website‟s name stems from the colloquial name of books given to students at the
start of the academic year by US‟s university administrations, with the intention of helping
students to get to know each other better.

Bibliography:
-MATOLA, Justino, et al., Livro do aluno-Inglês-10 classe: Plural Editores
-Murphy, R. (2002) English Grammar in Use, 2nd edition: Cambridge University Press
 15

Today anyone over the age of 13 can become a Facebook user.

Facebook was founded by Mark Zuckerberg with his college roommates and fellow computer
science students Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes. The website‟s
membership was initially limited by the founders to Harvard students, but was then expanded to
other colleges in the Boston area, the Ivy League and Stanford University. It later expanded
further to include (potentially) any university students, then high school students and, finally, to
anyone aged 13 and above (…)

The website currently has more than 400 million active users worldwide.
http://en.wikipedia.org (adapted)

Exercises

1. Say whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.

a) Facebook is a well-known photographer‟s book. _______________
b) Facebook is a social networking website. _______________
c) Facebook was founded by Mark Zuckerberg with his college roommates and fellow
computer science students Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes.
_______________
d) If you have a Facebook account, you can add friends to it, but you can‟t send them messages.
_______________
e) At first it was used only by university students. _______________
f) Nowadays anyone over the age of 13 can become a Facebook user. _______________

2. Write a composition about the importance of technology in our country.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Bibliography:
-MATOLA, Justino, et al., Livro do aluno-Inglês-10 classe: Plural Editores
-Murphy, R. (2002) English Grammar in Use, 2nd edition: Cambridge University Press