University of Toronto Mississauga – Department of Biology
BIO152H5F – Introduction to Evolution & Evolutionary Genetics
LEC0101 & LEC0102
Instructor – Dr. Fiona Rawle
Midterm Examination – Tuesday, October 24th, 2017 (IB110)
Duration: 45 minutes
Allowable Aids: NONE ALLOWED
Version A
INSTRUCTIONS: Please fill in your NAME, STUDENT NUMBER, and FILL IN YOUR PRA section
below. On your SCANTRON SHEET, please fill in your NAME, STUDENT NUMBER and
SIGNATURE. Also, please CIRCLE A in the FORM BOX on the Scantron sheet. FAILURE to
complete the FRONT COVER of this test OR SCANTRON FORM correctly, will result in a
DEDUCTION of your FINAL MARK!
BIO152H5F MIDTERM EXAMINATION has THREE sections over 9 pages:
SECTION I: TWENTY Multiple Choice Questions (Each worth 1 mark = 20 marks)
– Multiple Choice Questions MUST be answered on the Scantron sheet provided!
– Remember to fill in your name, student number, signature and FORM A on your Scantron
sheet using an HB pencil!
SECTION II: FOUR Short Answer Questions (15 marks)
– Your answer must be written in the space provided for SECTION II
– Read each question carefully, consider how you plan to answer it, think about the information you
want to provide, and only then begin to write down your answer!
– Please answer in FULL sentences (where appropriate).
– Writing OUTSIDE of the designated space will be NOT BE READ NOR MARKED!
BONUS Section: ONE Bonus Short Answer Question worth 1 BONUS mark.
BIO152H5F Midterm Examination has a total of 35 marks and is worth 15% of your final grade
Good Luck!
SURNAME FIRST NAME:
STUDENT #
TA Name: PRA Section & DAY:
FOR T.A. USE ONLY (PLEASE DO NOT MARK THIS AREA!):
S.A. Q#1 S.A. Q#2 S.A. Q#3 S.A. Q#4 BONUS Question S.A. TOTAL
/4 /1 /2 /8 /1 /15
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Section I: TWENTY Multiple Choice Questions (1-20) MUST be answered on the Scantron sheet.
Choose the single best answer for each question. You will NOT be given additional time to transfer your
answers to the Scantron sheet at the end of the examination. Answers on this exam paper WILL NOT BE
MARKED! (20 marks)
1. Deer mice in a beach population are lighter in color than another population of the same species living
in a field habitat. Select the correct statement below.
A. Beach mice evolved light coloration in order to survive in the beach environment.
B. Beach mice with light coloration have greater evolutionary fitness than dark beach
mice.
C. Individual deer mice living in a beach habitat became lighter in color over evolutionary time.
D. Beach mice evolved light coloration due to the random accumulation of chance mutations.
E. Beach mice are lighter in color due to environmental factors.
2. If a salamander relied on hydrogen bonds to cling to surfaces, what type of surface would cause the
most problems for this animal?
A. a surface coated with a thin film of water
B. a surface made with carbon and hydrogen atoms covalently bonded together
C. a surface made with carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms covalently bonded together
D. a surface made with carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms covalently bonded together
E. a surface made with silicon and oxygen atoms covalently bonded together
3. The illustration to the right shows a representation of formic acid. A formic acid molecule:
A. will form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.
B. has a tetrahedral configuration of hybrid electron orbitals for the carbon atom.
C. consists of largely nonpolar covalent bonds.
D. is held together by hydrogen bonds.
E. has a tetrahedral shape and will form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.
4. How would acidification of sea water affect marine organisms?
A. Acidification would increase dissolved carbonate concentrations and promote faster growth of
corals and shell-building animals.
B. Acidification would decrease dissolved carbonate concentrations and promote faster growth of
corals and shell-building animals.
C. Acidification would increase dissolved carbonate concentrations and hinder growth of corals and
shell-building animals.
D. Acidification would decrease dissolved carbonate concentrations and hinder growth
of corals and shell-building animals.
E. Acidification would increase dissolved bicarbonate concentrations, and cause increased
calcification of corals and shellfish.
5. Many mammals control their body temperature by sweating. Which property of water is most directly
responsible for the ability of sweat to lower body temperature?
A. Water's change in density when it condenses.
B. Water's ability to dissolve molecules in the air.
C. The release of heat by the formation of hydrogen bonds.
D. The absorption of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds.
E. Water's high surface tension.
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6. What is the chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers?
A. phosphodiester linkages
B. hydrolysis
C. dehydration reactions
D. ionic bonding of monomers
E. the formation of disulphide bridges between monomers
7. In a normal cellular protein, where would you expect to find a hydrophobic amino acid like valine?
A. in the interior of the folded protein, away from water.
B. on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with water.
C. in the transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains.
D. in the interior of the folded protein, away from water, or in a transmembrane portion
interacting with lipid fatty acid chains.
E. anywhere in the protein, with equal probability.
8. The karyotype of one species of primate has 48 chromosomes. In a particular female, cell division goes
awry and she produces one of her eggs with an extra chromosome (25). The most probable source of
this error would be a mistake in which of the following?
A. mitosis in her ovary
B. metaphase I of one meiotic event
C. telophase II of one meiotic event
D. telophase I of one meiotic event
E. either anaphase I or II
9. If a cell has completed the first meiotic division and is just beginning meiosis II, which of the following
is an appropriate description of its contents?
A. It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis.
B. It has the same number of chromosomes but each of them has different alleles than another cell
from the same meiosis.
C. It has half the chromosomes but twice the DNA of the originating cell.
D. It has one-fourth the DNA and one-half the chromosomes as the originating cell.
E. It is identical in content to another cell from the same meiosis.
10. A sexually reproducing animal has two unlinked genes, one for head shape (H) and one for tail length
(T). Its genotype is HhTt. Which of the following genotypes is possible in a gamete from this organism?
A. Tt
B. Hh
C. HhTt
D. T
E. HT
11. In the cross AaBbCc × AaBbCc, what is the probability of producing the genotype AABBCC?
A. ¼
B. 1/8
C. 1/16
D. 1/32
E. 1/64
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Use the following information to answer Question 12:
A pedigree shown below for a family in which dark-shaded symbols represent individuals with one of the
two major types of colon cancer. Numbers under the symbols are the individual's age at the time of diagnosis.
12. What is the genotype of the deceased individual in generation II?
A. homozygous for a gene for colon cancer
B. homozygous for both cancer alleles from his mother
C. heterozygous for a gene for colon cancer
D. affected by the same colon cancer environmental factor as his mother
E. carrier of all of the several known genes for colon cancer
13. A woman has a maternal uncle that died from hemophilia A, and she marries a man that has a
maternal grandfather that died from hemophilia A. What is the probability that their first child will
be a female carrier of hemophilia A?
A. ½
B. 2/3
C. 1/3
D. ¼
E. 1/8
F. NONE of the above are correct
Use the following information to answer Question 14:
At a specific area of a chromosome, the sequence of nucleotides below is present where the chain opens to
form a replication fork:
3' – C C T A G G C T G C A A T C C – 5'
14. An RNA primer is formed starting at the underlined T (T) of the template. Which of the following
represents the primer sequence?
A. 5' – G C C T A G G – 3'
B. 3' – G C C T A G G – 5'
C. 5' – A C G T T A G G – 3'
D. 5' – A C G U U A G G – 3'
E. 5' – G C C U A G G – 3'
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15. A new DNA strand elongates only in the 5' to 3' direction because
A. DNA polymerase begins adding nucleotides at the 5' end of the template.
B. Okazaki fragments prevent elongation in the 3' to 5' direction.
C. the polarity of the DNA molecule prevents addition of nucleotides at the 3' end.
D. replication must progress toward the replication fork.
E. DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the free 3' end.
16. During splicing, which molecular component of the spliceosome catalyzes the excision reaction?
A. Protein
B. DNA
C. RNA
D. Lipid
E. Sugar
17. A mutant bacterial cell has a defective aminoacyl synthetase that attaches a lysine to tRNAs with
the anticodon AAA instead of the normal phenylalanine. The consequence of this for the cell will be
that
A. none of the proteins in the cell will contain phenylalanine.
B. proteins in the cell will include lysine instead of phenylalanine at amino acid
positions specified by the codon UUU.
C. the cell will compensate for the defect by attaching phenylalanine to tRNAs with lysine-
specifying anticodons.
D. the ribosome will skip a codon every time a UUU is encountered.
E. none of the options will occur; the cell will recognize the error and destroy the tRNA.
18. Which of the following is the first event to take place in translation in eukaryotes?
A. elongation of the polypeptide
B. base pairing of activated methionine-tRNA to AUG of the messenger RNA
C. binding of the larger ribosomal subunit to smaller ribosomal subunits
D. covalent bonding between the first two amino acids
E. the small subunit of the ribosome recognizes and attaches to the 5' cap of mRNA
19. Which of the following types of mutation, resulting in an error in the mRNA just after the AUG start
of translation, is likely to have the most serious effect on the polypeptide product?
A. a deletion of a codon
B. a deletion of two nucleotides
C. a substitution of the third nucleotide in an ACC codon
D. a substitution of the first nucleotide of a GGG codon
E. an insertion of a codon
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20. The photograph below shows a single replicated chromosome (consisting of two
sister chromatids) just before mitosis. This chromosome contains:
A. DNA from one of your parents in the sister chromatid on the left
and DNA from the other parent in the sister chromatid on the right.
B. DNA contributions from both parents, resulting from recombination
(crossing over).
C. DNA from only one of your parents.
Section II: FOUR Short Answer Questions. Do NOT write outside of the spaces provided for each
question. Read each question carefully, consider how you plan to answer it, think about the information
you want to provide, and only then begin to write down your answer! (15 marks)
1.) Determine the mode of inheritance for the following pedigrees. (4 marks)
1 mark for each pedigree = 4 marks
a.) Mitochondrial or Cytoplasmic Inheritance
b.) Autosomal Recessive Inheritance
c.) Autosomal Dominant d.) X – Linked Dominant Inheritance
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2.) A woman marries a man whose father was just diagnosed with Huntington’s Disease (a late-onset
disorder). What is the probability her baby will have Huntington’s Disease? Only your FINAL
answer will be marked! (1 mark)
FINAL ANSWER: ¼ or 0.25 or 25%
3.) A woman is pregnant with her first child. Her maternal aunt has sickle cell anemia. Her husband’s
paternal grandmother’s sister also had sickle cell anemia.
a.) What is the probability her child will have sickle cell anemia? Only your FINAL answer will
be marked! (1 mark)
FINAL ANSWER: 1/72 or 0.0139 or 1.389%
b.) What is the probability her child will be a carrier for sickle cell anemia? Only your FINAL answer
will be marked! (1 mark)
FINAL ANSWER: 2/9 or 0.2222 or 22.222%
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4.) Your biology professor has a room that houses turtles. While waiting for the dozens of incubating turtle
eggs to hatch in the room, she leaves for a two-week vacation. When she returns, she notices that all of
the turtle eggs have hatched but that there is something strange about the hatched turtles. Instead of
the turtles being roughly half males and half females, all of the hatched turtles are males! Your
professor also happened to notice that the temperature in the room is about 5ºC cooler than normal, and
thinks this may have something to do with the phenomenon. Your professor then asks for your help to
solve this mystery. (8 marks)
Design an experiment that helps to explain why all of the hatched turtles are all males.
Answer concisely in the box below!
1 mark for each of the following:
1. Identification of what variable is manipulated (independent variable is temperature).
2. Identification of what variable is measured (dependent variable is hatching – # male vs. females).
3. Description of how dependent variable is measured (e.g., set up different temperature chambers
and measure the actual numbers of male and female turtles hatching, etc.).
4. Realization that there are many variables that must be held constant (vs. only one or no mention) –
control
5. Understanding that the larger the sample size or # of subjects, the better the data.
6. Sources of error. Awareness that one can never prove a hypothesis, that one can never be 100% sure,
that there might be another experiment that could be done that would disprove the hypothesis, that
there are possible sources of error, that there are limits to generalizing the conclusions (credit for any
of these).
7. And 8. Understanding that the experiment needs to be repeated (2 marks)
BONUS Section: ONE Bonus Question. Read the question carefully, consider how you plan to answer
it, and then write down your answer in the space below! This Bonus Question is worth 1 BONUS mark.
Parent 1 has the genotype Aa Bb Cc Dd and is crossed to Parent 2, with the genotype aa Bb CC Dd. What
is the probability this cross produces a child that will have a different genotype than both parents?
a) 1/8
b) 1/4
c) 1/3
d) 5/8
e) 7/8
f) 1/16
g) 7/16
YOUR ANSWER: _______________
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CODON TABLE:
ROUGH NOTES:
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