+ 1 ig ALS : Nak oe GAS Lagers ¥ rene © gp iene, C02, dare, * 5 LIQUID LAGER “w A Gi) Pum cil. coUnik -Ots— fasod- dalbeaction_efy >t lasocr— He frat Got war & Guill- an1960 by Gresdore He Maman of deyheo Reserrch. (eo. Tyres. oF LASERS sonido STATE Lasers fg Ruby oer, Nal: YA 6 Aabow dee hs Lasers 2 og He-Ne aoe, COz fare, > LIQUID LASER a, St frees eangnente gh o toee > ave e = Ne Qstog, a goth,com) OHPONENTS oF ALKSER * — Ci)sAebive- medium: tons 2 angered Oberacteriseef ¥ say ro ro. af ney Aves Hower A OPE ¢ aoe Pret cas poo pemetn fine rad” ce, af different ape fp ot ae a yma Wee tema pf” port outa ye, ee vey, Monel, Aypten poten inves” Auch aterpg awl foc wher can produce mor ane oak LL emission thot: Yon Huse amply ae be adhe cantons sho medium hertey dan cle. enters (> cael Ha. active edit ae ole, called ante onediae - n. fun. or ackiva ore oo med okich when ewctede roaches te ptide. of pom nl Norm parler ae anol ‘gunioiord ducing hip amplifecalion - Gi) famp:- Jer achiewag and maintoincyy the papuletin tae pave to nase com the atom ue how se yy Of vteirel - eneyy devel 2 pte png ahh “$F ex meclican (actie mediuar, a te Acomoper it To the cnyerrionm (Ag oplicgl ppumpxi aeqfecto( veehfecds 90° of encialent Auer) fopulton _anvors tons — fey normal, cond” or thormal qualion — N\77No. Nie wilop atom in lower enegy) bevels por cnit vd” lw Wiper oye 6 Nate aySunstein’ relations -— Ee sp. Ne Assume » cavity ae rast diy. yle) hes thermal, guidibrtim ao 7 Su thi oily, set NM, > ee: af atoro pocanet vol” in ga & Ra cadases ie i vo Matt Kab E, Photons eh Shi hw & obani$y 9 (ma) - [w= nodiehon figteniy\- (eu-&) /t | oo nn atom waking » thamition | bape a tel ws «, ce to light oh outbh FICF LEO ote , anv: ee mi i en (Ber by ete ate pabeltey a. geese gon inductee quoroilin from houth MMe) We 10 bocrpilons por ctl vet“onimion :~ ft b the revewe proc off abruption , occurs duu to Hhe clecxcrstatins of the atom from = eo z Ey bb E t dh sponkonigas en 5 anc atom in to wuitedd répile comos Lack to the go eimitong a photon even vA Goudie ne lil pratt. Ahe prebabetty pr ths cave b geen wy aw constant Aul - o. Rate apontoneoue eminsion pee uni vol™ ao the fou devel, s way Go semuleibee vor: nadbailon, oy 4 ppicient way fall an the entclled atoms (dae, 4p pappeccenbly ley obec fime) which owls te, wot anor bsg phe pebly ou ha cone Byl +. Rae h Hivulated, saniorion th poe aie volt ( Ay mpendd tae pride pom work « LE bv ata Ayy io| cosfiie, vend ote pone oleborminad y Ge ae he be é ep mara. Aer thm, ft theoemal guibraun, ¥ Coat ors mort be quel yo no NB Bl = Nal wet Nu Suk 5 S23) (Ne By — Neu Bau) 2M Aide 2D Pu) = Aut (Ne Ne By? ih rom Boltzmann Law, A : 1 ane Pee ae — (6) — G) say nid) a ara tu) = MAN Luinhy soy A \ , s ae than duo — Aeeorting’ ts pn’ ee oe das of tom a yy bu? ea E 5 9) ) or a3 | sleadeee > tnegy donoihy wea } abd? bo” wb Feo | wt be Slay > *neyy olenrily hy Me bels Lond te are 4 | red bel” 2B wg qo fold degenerate p then ard no ae Wer at ; %& oy ; we tah pnts ie fo lA Fea= Hus | ee) flied by HA dhe secant rela < eee a ee Abiff? G polida In ool es y b —.Nae Roe ond fons + he smirnion fiom ne Meprl ; penton Os on cod oak HHMieraave fuayeeuceee Breage bea” wo? & 107 Hz, Q hence vor EA pliwelate A err or? fee nn PSS exccoedl por encoue emirrcend. 4 rigueur snermal equal Dien LY ee Wat shat witha, fowee De were leroe thee Mote AU ate wath hin 7 pocket eotie han & every / Lonnie one ansomO, Ak not recenardly tw thoraval at. j Sho wale of, eons taonrition fir kul « fe ho t u Rust Run = NufAuct Be £) | ae ho rate of upaard tunsdkna Rew = Ne Bu %e) vA pe woah cane (NaS, Ahead Paes om ft net a of (M(-Nu) Co) Quan ex pot » Nu Aut tanta, whi Shi Ht po isf fly vores tes ke Madi ¢ in \Gerheley emtan pgp lias in me oes Pama ae in whith, o ee ce recquectly i Xe: “ye cocffecamt oh eNori, Dd Pa to asthe piate of abosrptn ° bette » #he eam ga (Nu- Ne) Bae 8) hh ths rb, te locam gets yan td pe 2e- Ir other wi eae ARR, a dacs — AVRey oes). al Po a N tae, = no atm [uid ol , Lash, &, Korpe bd: chich can £0 Fen enteral eithe nedeton of fupay bet wGvefoc Dy fad ef sterile erniintone fee ant volume gat = NaS Pus gtayguw) ded nS tee ee) danken field ab dor ~ near monochnemale AQ frequency a Paolo ) — > (2) Qo enogy amily aowcieled ctth De menithromete if. [$e hae oni of en pecan vobeme serunge penn store, er Sos » rim ee sah ar J i GD we iailli a.Mies} eeata, ¥ " : Nien ad ' Be NR | 7 he = note Aut Suc 4) =O nk i. al? # Comiihr a atar pono ch renal heom ot, hag ~ collection b atom olng te prpgply Bed 3 - dite lor - (3 ; Biba MO re ch aves. $ Lire Qa do the diet az dé oh z ond 2¢ UE. \alunte of He mal™ fel” te 2 plone = sdz No- stunted abinorptam por wait tines =k Sde uy aboorbad per vack bine in the volume. alumert (Sd) = Ry dw Sde pimilerfy, Me covrarprdeg energy — Gecaune b i phnciled emir? —> RL Aw,.S Ae . ( Redletens eras lleee- eruneng owt of Aponteneour av aw pope on randam olizctms and aref ) as es Y ll $e ogy sing te val alt $dé stint. — Tu(2+dz)$ = lee # a dzs — © es here Tae eds oe catemify st the , ; enoyy aboot My te eee — (7 OZ Agate 40 (DEO ae d2 $= (ha Raph 342 iS te? 8 in Aad gl) Sua A ale (Mens) on aly, =n? ar Bey a MeN ol : PMc a, D Sv ee dpa sie SS S00 it Kayo: 5k J tm hynwiih SS : pe nA, (ge (m- Cr x oe Iw ehh ae Wao 9 2H - - ful. Aepencrebes, Car i (Wa) io replrced by fe - HH ,., Anteyeoy 4g. @s ee a one. S28 tt Hhvomal gui?) @ ¢ ky io 4ve Beonane Ki Nee My p He anrtewnity /\ of te Lream dec root saponenbilly o oo Ea. Lie popyte| hiewuf 4 He @. isdn, ap on te ae Hand» iff Ne nel ahr hy >, poe abaarpton coeff Per trl te ane complet cycle correrponol, fe a ae HS One ¢) fy = i. Sees ila naly = ay site ae ett ) Oe i. L Anh fo 4 a = @ —w@ Shun, from (od C8), = key anv] Vo op eo UB c 2 me a Aiur 9) (e= Me) ) g 2 ieee as ge in ae Gy yg >, poeve conely flere 6 Yo ald er Sod, a @ 2 aan C7 7) he | 0) by Dprerkele pp letien cnveoien ral for form aoolen. Nin Breorklld value cool Le rege ak conte ef the fae whore gl) oo mae: be pole of glu) of cubed te “he ir Y (naw) a AY Gat | Shrorheel ae ts th Anvenotor. Nye We = i Ca Gr fine phepe; Av would de rupleck 4u (7 ta)2 2 ~ OW At apex 7 ayo), x0) oe 2x10~* Ge? ee fem? bm0 x; 3 & LK Gta fom F 2. pon He-Ne Aeokr |— Dee ; ase G44 x10 nee” ave pax 10 Me Gin = 7. Ma i ee Fa OEE Ge [oeee: F Sem? gies (Nu- %) ~~ 4X0. no- of meclen pee ve lo ” Ma f ( te CLOY ertervel ute Vtdv qopdvs 2% yrdv | = %/ Lonvitls i : aa dv = 2x0!*Hz pow Me = Gok Pe ws xn Hs : : Py moder per anil vel” (09 eg dv = plndy a 3 Bx nla = ma I Gono” (sr0') x 20 a0 Lem = 5pm? fem ,SS ahs NOG TE > se, an Nigeig, i at rane Comidlr Ha on onthe pmoncer,, ond 192 fille 4 pro SAE ara A. ston, pk Aoteral cohqrence ctolth Cae bel pope Me De ee Oe? eo) dy / ne aie | (A [B bome Janee bf Olly, po the 00 B moder freP cued file waithin ths Gre wth. (2 ss An 3. @) Derive Ainctern’ relation for vem — by buch bho 6 cael php, mImly ¢ Shaw thal” of keep dh ik, the probably 6 pone tal erninoion (Ws ete that 4 pen foneoee gewivcen af wtoowane freguencten aol) ‘’ ay Aephein sth phynteah rignifice the pele y hy ecslell/ tron Cem teen Arear lien bet” the jfovdr. po kT =| a rete of rpontmene te 59a damuleli tronoilien of to trove gt oll Tx lo, ky s bax? onc! Me mi cravat $Geereces (0? te” Hs) 7 Dien & upShee Saeed ck sniintoad by iopeteal © yy 1aur) 2 To “ella ogre Tremere more em oeee doll Nong & See oy | Qe Sheol p Since f pppoe pe See = rude obiflerig = 2 volute a ae are niferedl to Pe gees nen es fe tory * thei vm inher oath” Guth, alot gies obey OBOE me et tavovone wad Ae meen cue 1G)! diicattan nor atuech a alae pecsancncullle Ho unmenicg Pe, ihe norne, 2 devels sng. for envow ten omplifcazion i { Do, env. 8 OP not i a - pack other sither om a the nyptewm se 0 tine a te Be pe epentedJoon , revoittin Grom one (ete teigroordl level 4p geve noe oa nathan 590K AS Me PIC of de upp Wipe dee 0 leu lale Bag. -@2019) Saale oe 2° 3-99 M10 Ys ee a ne @ Whew thal popelataon cvencon jp nol pow ble. Bit pyptew. anita Ue rele far w Bose = level pyle, how tied skilegy the. meaning a Aojimo woe ollein ecerraref 24955 camel” 9" er" onvooin -(eoro)e na im E pet wei 7 ‘ i \Smoqelgaiailias oe i Alon me a! Mies «ni iii 2De NeameNern a U fr 2B 3 aye | + 2Wpb , = Hy Set)? pp plabity where Wp lal fo The ofpen ok te th donk . + w, av ip OA Dhury whatouer poville QR hence a Peo: fevel rypten- a atoms anh attZines :— peer a upper tevel & pe effect ve dicgy tome sho evil or Rely Coren adver 4 BS $5 = 150 OH, Tey = Ime Ee aa Coleustide Arokotl pyy alle ryperstore clnoity nga ba cet lh tre crcl a footie Are hee € ane Va 0G Bnm [Jake the valve ah bene OY 4) 2 Dall’ 40° 2. MMe os” po au" Taw ona adage on ri den ei paipi tier er 2 ee — , aX yr (ze aT AQN7TT Hk > bond length ko pre coro Whrtitily 6. & (ratolanell rain tent ae? ( 7 A " Ef ambirfagal lotertion core at Tirk iS Ss ee &. Gyfem = 5. 43(90) oso Snegetogy (or) fine Unt h tuorovlam Let™ 5 Rot! haved + a, en 9 [03+ cara) = 3¢s41) | -1 6) Gr) s ra4 1.G) what ave Fhe Mec ormayy reepuinem ents fo" giatowte, wolecisle far giverg Oy) novibrotion al 2 WD phetuame ppetia 2 (2019) (619 2 are howe OY & wolecalo f dipole memeck pgnaie Mee # mol aol), fore nal _2yecle ening ™ perinante toot sl sph dipile dng Ae ye Ahecbe onic npecheee ca) the other hanol, ane gun Yy al moleerh, ot a jw wher distalbuflen ir & wole always ewcompored yy = dipole change jNow , A © fayhoo camilee OEX“y chennch (Ph mee ae 5x10 Hy, Ue Cem te (6x00 po) fy 00 2 Ae pth aigreles che iD om envamor? cap ty 4 ly che favk He (520) ove the, roleteenel pect q, co Ae deers mecrsun e020 SF RAS De! ihe 8 honce Lond length f Ve pole (C Relive tere wt ane C= (200008 a> 15-9994) (oun lee? a2 bh) p92 384295 om Be 921/75 em! kn BF A oe Sanh oe fa Bo. = gr) r i hicads os hdr. ax BOC. Wr i Pedi ag glee wh ba aka SMD. ty dade:ae 1. 98% ¥ 10 a = : a ee 4 pte Llp agen Je W282 oe afl 2) (29)x/em? (2f3t xe~ oe =) ste [21 Aal - ~ 2H (1 9%) art 3 We (- Xe) = 9347 om! ahi) Ne > eguilibrlars enilalies pg Ke anharmonic ty ennnk- enscan,) = 97 a @r2@> 2 Ve -GQ? Ke st -BNceXe= - foto! ? Weke= obo! Fe en! — 104 ire Lping oe o), = Be. i Ae — Xx (26) = 2geé am Ne = 2035p or 2700 cn"!ed 2he= p63 243 A Ke 2 6:0/74 wool pewter Qk e 02 BN while oll « (278) 2 4.0) Yve neo on why ; conrok Ge notaten ek pete r \- yroleculla can gevl alechione phe pel}, gotalienall spstthe lt be sboowel °G if the voteoile P aoyonmeue ( hutonoruclear ) ’ he a pomonuclew (ke ty hy) there fo re obpele compnent henge bom action eth nealen potetien & tote no sn flr én the other hank » eleclhorut pec at giver My wey smottende ° change jn te tor confgerolen ea ory motel P accom po she ch oe olipnle women. d a Sa il ,(on 16 Gig oo ee “RAF ha gy rt hb ioe RS | (+2) 24 gr pf (0 667 x0 pe fe 3x10 Zs fn (92? r ioe 0 all: al Bde, althayh olde « Ramogonenss van to obey Werke'2 Gv’ Hus, ehotemic roles, con Cer corinne we am ‘en harmonic arallator. “1 bar > enogy eo diatemée Srtornuctean olistance ( 4K aha rene wollaton, é, = % {| - ke ( a) 4) S0 harmon’ wee Vator ¢ B= Be {1% (veh) ]ee (a) cus & sgavolent orerMatin Poguny a Ke ankomenieity eom£~ (contd ~-) PTOBe N,-4) = VaTys 2% Tae = %% By dt Ne Wi (Na-N5) # Ny Ts ~ No Fe —s Tay dNy Wi, (Ny = We +e Tga t+ “372 = Mp, l }: be aN, (Ng o,) FN Tey 1% Toy CMG Ht wy (ym) bg tap + Toy pod