A HISTORY OF FILIPINO MUSLIMS AND LUMADS OF MINSUPALA: ATEACHING AND LEARNING GUIDE Mindanao State University System Juvanni A. Caballero General Editor Modified Modular Activities Exclusively for the Use of HIS003 Students of Mindanao State University at Naawan“This module does not intend to infinge on any copyright daims and is solely for academic purposes of MSU- Naawan, its faculty and its students.[ATEACHING AND LEARNING GUIDE General Editor saver ao MSU-tignnInstte of Technology ‘aie Dawn M beds Madama State Uses ~ Maa Campus ‘Mindanao State versity — Maron rans. B2aig Maree Sate Univesity - Maw! Sarna ‘Mincanao State University ~ Marawi compas Sig Init of Technolgy axapMatulan St figan inst of Technaby anus! Lam "MSU Taw Taw Calege of Tecnology and (esargraaiy Deshere na, Presado MSU Naan eat ory R: Ngo IMS tian insti of Technabay Site hanna M.Pandapean ‘MSU Digan Instat of Techaby Manclta 0. Regalo U.igan Inuit of Tetnalogy Rut 8 Rod Mince Historian ‘stad 8 Saba MSU Tont-Taw Coleg of Tecnology and essogranhy SU Naser Geatrey 6. Salgado MSU.igan Insite of Tetnalogy aris Cais. Taran SUligan Inte of Techy Prykis Ware's. Teaneo MSU-Tigan Ist of Technolgy Eniy Togas HSU Mago School o Arts and Traces Mark Anthony Toes ‘MSU gan Institue of Techooeoy Mapsayasay Werte SU Tan Taw Coleg of Tetnotogy and csarooranhy ada 5: Udthn Mrganee Sate Unbersty —Marow! CompuEditoriat Notes ‘Afoe scholar, the htoan wantonly to wite pure history ~ even when, ce peraps tspecialy when, fe ls wang the History 3 Manual fr the students. He woud be ho ferse driven Dy some rider wi 2 purpose apart rom pe ister wring. snare Selb, he would sx only wth fects. He would eepret and specie on thes acts, yes but condanty he ud stick ony we facts. He woud interpret and specie on These face Ye But contanty he woud bended ony by hak cer and gh cester” Of te let that demands ste objectty and ogi based on scenic probably Wan tis neg of dacpine, he would not Be acated by another person's r rap br even fis ow personal ethic, national, lic, sacl, elgis Sentines of Boenda of acon He wou be somone devia ely to hs schlarsi. ‘That of course, the Kel htaran nthe deo acacemic scenery, An that shou be, 2n, the ideal stron working onthe Hictory 3 Manual Wry abastSpanch and meric campags aganct Mareros, Mamtuasaber, Hey Furtecia and Fedetco Magdaena dent on alate fas of event, sng reser wt) te Maras ror th the foragers rpusing seme agenda ouside of pure Mistry wring. On the tea ran, Saba, n parca, Maron whose ancestor para nthe ate, wate vwth spec tent to approach the subject from Maranao stancpoin. xt true to Nis Calg asa forward any personal, fay, eth, regio or Sooo pital senomert, Bas or agenda ecarmal toe pure wring of pur istry. But that's because he, he Futecha and Magdlenay was 2 fee ane pre historian. He was not wating the Hsry 3 Manual On the othr hand, te sped burden ofthe Fistor 3 Manual witer sat the historian chanced down 2 par hacia: to wit MStry not fr IS own sake 2 Saber, Funtencia and Mapislera had dave, but For and under a soco pola and educator mandate derived from a larger mandate fa rwersty Chartr Inde, the specl burden sa specal allen nis weg of Fistor. oul He succeed in his ask witout compromising his init asa ee and pre hstran? Or weuld he beame, 35 Sry has proven Many Rr to ave been, 3 moutpece for some prepared specuston without facts, sme unproven assunption, prejudgment, concept or enigy thas ceasing tobe a re hist? The ‘qatone are mpotant because # he suceeded to sole the challenge without {Srmproising tag tere woud be a tue specmen ofa istodan who may Nave found’ an inpotart sotto snd essa in going Swoogh the hares af 2 deme wwehout st. Fortunately, the Charter mandates Hetory 3 only to enforce Univesity concept of tducatoral tegration. 1 doesnot command enforcement of 1 own concept ofthe trth Tv ete window throogh wich the History 3 pases whut bn fern apa bythe hens Faron this generalization ashi catrver has te space for comment ut he saw ray fom the crgral tonal qualty of langage used 1s tex, thar History 3 bert ‘ver har to acconendate the Mandate requests, but ded ot sxrender the purty SF history writing and is tg. Responsby, k martained &sobjecity im the need to emlan iam a length aatst mee, rane Fumanist and oppresaive Spanish ‘oir; cities Amarin un Sess erty it the spn (atherwise gen fo moral quarters even today by the UP Tagdog Vatonast Communscique of Scout) deserted Philne way eflerts & deang with is "Mindanao Peele focused on ndanoorssincwre sof eos to create the peace tems! and s00n| a these sometimes to the point of brealng, oro gars the case. Bu hat breaking ever quite rappeneGeneray, the History 3 Manuals sient base and ivory but fundamental for Student tse. Tt has No emesis space lato caver Preston before 900) whi [roa arebeopolgical or enough ofthe Casal Period (9001821) which call shed more ight on the IP relations, but these are topes to be covered by other HStry sbjecs. few actor notes rested to several modes: The tumads the Mindanao State Unversity Stem Present Macao Mastin tence sid ot @ meting that today there are ely two popuston groups on Mindanao: the Morce ond’ the Cristiane. Me "Lumads" have Geappeated or a. dsappeaing bce they have bxome Cvitans ie comment was probably no produc Ost research buthas Satstcal ierest suey. (On the other hand, the general concept on Mindanao is that there are to Indlgencus prope (IPs) those who become “Moros “an those who remand “Limes” andthe the people ae the “urmrore Chiston Group 1 maybe irerstin to lok wea the Drssbity tat even these “Cision migrants” may have been descendarts ofthe ist "dlgenus" Minfaraoars Desaite nacequate demographic inforaten abut acest n this Man, the lgal antvopologcal prcbabary maybe thatthe peoples of Visayas and Luzon came fom the Hinzanao areas and moved tack apan. On the questn of uation ofthe T- pele Of Mindanao, may be probate that he thee ae js ong let relatives trough the fernunes, bucogrg fo the same onghal fai Ie isnot the Mandanao Wadon to Coreut the sas the Snes of confi o that partis would Find that they were after ae sae fans? they cna DA say ey wh probly a sk 2 More Prati! Rais When the Noros ravage mainly the Vsoyan coast inthe Second fat ofthe Ie century, they Obvious hed more Loops and beter weapoery, ae lacies and ships (compared to Spanish cnkes) and marie superoty. The Spaniards looked tke they could nat real nd could nex effecvy pal and protect the cons or simply had not the whereuthal It ve pose that, wth. better rotation, crganzaton, loss and strategy, the Mors cul Nave gate up noth to ‘ack Spon ships and terory sicesfy, tthe tine, they could have avenged Raja Soliman ant even occupied Mania. Apparent, howe thelr nerest had been mead t"patica ads to Take revenge, int the Spaniards and damage tice morale 2nd on ese, to ara war bt, aves to sll and we (persoalerorrmy) rater than achive rel stamp and pola victory ovr the Spaniards. A crtry tay, the fone wack minded enemy colon, fly got equpped vith the Wir fat crafts, team Sintoats wth medem cannon and machine guns, whch spall) the ex! of Moro aime, ake Riverine ard other combative sipremacy, aking Mors fay ripe fr the conquest: But he Americans came wt beter ships, Geter arilery and much beter ‘esourcr ftom 2 better econony. nthe whole arcipaago, they took the tt of Victory fom te mouth of the patil ard ecoomally emaciated Spaniards, otto Speal ofthe meth ofthe Puppine evolutions, cthewse hungry and age’ iors Cer he Spaniards on Lizon and i Visayas. 57he American Factor I the Treaty of Paris dd nok ince Mongo and # the Jmercare 6 ot Jon i the Philppne History or even they i, id not come to Hindarao to conquer ere wou oly be Lion andthe Visayas Now know asthe Prlppnes. Mindanco woul bea separated county. Thre weuld be no” Hero Pole” fo atte o the Phagpne goverment to nude Minoo Ins Sate: and no Moro ‘ors ater the 19" century. tunately the Socal "Moro Poe” was eal, est the “amerean Pratien” and now the “Pilpine Probie” of Mindanao forthe Mors and Urmade4. Pripaine Government Move, Despite the eos ofthe Mindanao cvian resents, ‘al the uino governments att aly ing pace an Mindanao th the MILF an the Sangea Moa concept suceed by tat? For al ts Bag 2 case far high optimism, ths ac abo appears to have Ignored and margnalzed some group, Ike MNLF with which te Pillans had made teases, and te Suu Sutate wich isan older inettuton of rue han te Phiipne government Ince, bth nant Yo conte wth the Saban cam queston, which the Aquno goverment warts forget wih Walaa, er pert ere from historia memory f Favour Malays Suen, the presen dedared the Stara andthe MNLF a has beens and “spoles” who betty Watch Row they behave Is so coext democratic or dcaoralpocedre? Raymond LorcaFront (Lt R: Maharaoh Quinto, Panga Musah, Datu Kalun (ka Pro Cuevas) [Dats Facance Manin ft etre and smoking 2 cir), Panga Busy, (Grea 1900. Phe fem Us ray ef Congress shies ao found In Robert A. Futon, ‘Morland toy seal Pals merce 00h (phe ‘wth parison). ‘Ti leaing resource for the teaching of Miatory 3 (A istory of Mustims and Lumads ef Minsupala) 1 has bean producnt wth Nanda aiance fam the ated Sates Insti of Peace (USIP) and implementa by the Carter for Phippine Studes, Unversty of Howal at Manga, n eoperton with Mndanso State Une The viens exressed hee ar hose of he conroutors wh ae soley reponse for Rs Cortana are nt consired endorsements ofthe UslP. Cops arena fel, Pied in tgan Cty, Piipines ‘ARights Reserved, 2015Mindanao State Univerty (MSU) I the only unkersty in the Pilppnes mandated to promote soca ntgrason and catral understanding aang the chetee peoples of Manso, Sa and Palanan (Mrowpal). Ts also the sole unversy that ors History othe Fine Susie (Bangsamoro) aoe Indigenous Peoples (Luma) of Mirsuela (istry 3) as 2 requred couse for some 70,000 students. Through tis Course, MSU hopes to enhance nator nsing by rasing the level of anarenes an Sepreaton aneng ts Students Aer a semester study, they may Wen he toy of the Bangsamoro and the Lisnads as aso part of Pilppne tory, that the strug of Ichi alos ital to the quest fr ffooson ofthe Flino people ané tht tha stom, Wadtons ard relijens cult enh the Faplno cutie and make K oven more clr Several chalengesconfont the teacher in offering such course. Fst there & ne Sie tetbook designed to fe the tmetame ae content ofthe Hietryclskoom. Te, books araut Mrdinao tory abound, but they are scattered in iran and private olecton ona Secon wth the recent development Inthe GPH-MILF Peace roess, many ofthe references ned updo, Fury, the delat sues on Mindango History aso make the couse a snstive one Conse hs: the History 3 dassoom & cuturaly dverse — vith Muse, Chistian an Lurid students put toeter. An morudent and Ones presetation cul even ead to'volent arguments, tuber alentng mores or even perpeutng eran mages. TR does more than hel the wounds fed Mosine and other indigenes who are sften consign tothe bacorat. Lay, because roe of the 12 MSU campuses Ras tome up wi» corsaidated ond Standard textbook, the content and eppaad pedagogy are natural ved This insoucinal guide is @ meest atampt to adress the above challenges. Is general ams ae tow: (1) Prowde a slandarczed content and approach in Ue eaching Sed kaming of Hiry 3; and (2) Promote 8 cure of dalegue,rexrclision and race areng MSU stdets, The guide or text is aranged ilo medies, woven into 3 donclogial fashion and vwrten in popur manner to make i erecting to readers, Te attempts to rcapsuates aston fom “bl” ghlght he sores Seldom ata in nonal The above ans also provide supprt othe GPH MILF comprehensive peace agreement of March 27, 2014, The peace deal sects, arog other tings, genuine autonomy Tor the Bangsamoro and Lumad mores, 36 wel as recaxaton awd healing forthe ropes of Mndingo, Sand Paaw, ‘The wars of this humble ver thereehes of diverse cultural backyounds, nope to Corie toward proisng drecion and oping the Inpect of Hstory 3 among Studers. Ther safest reduce tis leaming resource cannct be uncerestinaed, ‘erkng wit the eter dung Roldays or weekends ~ competing n Dawes Touds of Family day, market a relgkssobagators Way ths textbook heal te deep wuts caused by a biter and promote soliarty rng the trpeopleo southern Pipes. anni Yahya A. Caballero storCollegeof Education and Social Selences Department of Sadal Sconces ard Humans ‘COURSE GUIDE HISTORY OF FILIPINO MUSLIMS AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLE OF MINSUPALA Course Title: History of Fins nd the Iniganous Peple of MINSUPALA, No.of Units: 3 Unts Course Description: A nisorcal vere ofthe Fine Musi andthe Ingenous Ppl of Mindanao, the Sulu Archipelago and Foiswan since pre-cloial mes upto the preset thei responses to foreign and cal dominion i the conta of national eos for peace 2d development. etne end ofthe cours, he loa Can demonstrate ard apply seal integration and cutual understaring among the ‘fverse peoples of MnSuPa, CGavesabien and cently the sentiments and asprations ofthe peoples of MSP Gan comprehend the pos socal experiences tat shaped the cumert reales of Fitanao ond ts ponies Can trate cagntve earg nto affective matty tht wou push them to inate tons or postive change. Course Outine and Study Schedule Wasi Topic Learning Activity 13 Moga T Why Study Haar 7 | Concept Mapas Mode 2: The Seting of | Trace and Anaize MINSUPALA ands Peoples at. Atobegragty Map Present Production of Mnsupla Map Production of Energizer Boe Tae Teale ot | rage Rae MINSUPALA Before the Advant_| Guce Questions Moc 4: Geestogcal and | Ancestry Tracng (itu Comactons ofthe Te | Disco Questions Poop Mode: Ia n Har storygait Spach Aggression Mode 7: Lad Resetance to Spansh Aggression oc 8: Cita Fina Resistance 0 Spanish Cosniiem Image Analysis ace ean Ocaaton and Mor/tumad Responses "Moc 10: The Conmerieath and Quezon’ Poles Towards Mindanoo Mode i: The Japanese venta snp Ralion Paper Fm Viewing Guide Questions Trace nd Analyze ode 12: Pes War ER at integration fer Mindana ae Sue ode 13: Emergence of angsaoro Secession Th ln View Guide Questions ode 14: The Peace frosese Modi 15: The Issue about Sabah Nerth Bonen) Moc 16: Peace bling at the Grassroots i Viewing Relcton Paper raining Poca! Cartoon say Questions Roosmap Making Intapreting Quotes Guide QuestionsReferences. 10. The Conmorweaith are Queso’ Poles towards Mindanao. 10. Emchmant acpees 10.11 Watch Docimentary Fim on Quezon Lie 10.12 Guide Questions References. Yn Encino Actives 4.1 Gace Hepa he Tope References 12, Post War Attempt rtegraton for Mindao ard Su DD mermane acoues 12.11 Research the istry of MSU, CM, MOA 12113 Research Contibutns othe Dire Presidents feforences LL Viseo Goaumentary BLD Retecton Paes. 1.13 Paper Dance ‘eioroners 14. The Pace rocse withthe Gangeamaro Fronts 122. Ermchment Aches 15, The Les about Sabah (North Boma). 15 léwchmert Actes 15.1 tearing a Patil Cartoon, 15.1. 26a Questions 15. 3essay Question 16 Pace bultng athe Grasso, 16.11 Making a Roadmap. 16.1.2 My Option Mater. 16.1 3trepreting Quotes. sto References.How to Learn from this Module To achiev the objects ct above, you are to othe flowing: Toke your tie racing the lesan carey. Fallow te rections andor insractions nthe acts get. Answer a the gen questions. LEARNER'S GUIDE This medule was prepared and designed for you to lean digs, intlecnaly, and seltsfficeny. Aside from meeting the conte and perormnce stnders of ths course in accomplishing the gen acts, you wll beable to lean ether Inaluble leaning ls wich you wil be very proud of as 2 response learner. The folowing des ard the hase nes wil ep you ther to be on ack and to Sey tthe end of the mod, “Td wel do wellinthe scan, you ned to remember ar do the Flowing: Read ane foo the itrctions very carey aad each topic ligt and answer the execs thet ae provided for you. Perform all the actives get to hep and ge youn understanding he toni (Open anc view indeated videos. Explore further and deeper as your time allows, Take down nots as you go tough the smlatens, dees anc research rt mp a na one ep oon od isan Gather th cata requ in your esearch and submit ton tine {wil be caling you a ast one a wee, to olow-up on Your progress and to answer Your questions and dartatons. Expect call or tect message or an eral during Weanostay to dy.Module 1 \WHY STUDY THE HISTORY OF THE FILIPINO MUSLIMS "AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF MINSUPALA? By an A Cabaer! ‘Deparment of sry, CASS, MSULIT 1 objectives: A the end of the module, the students staid be able to answer the folowing 1.) How was the Mindanao State Uiversty System created? 2) Ho de History 3 (ue Hestory of the gna Musk and IPs 9 Midanao, Sus and Palanan) became a randsted couse nthe MSU Som? 3.) What the relevance of tying the History ofthe Fino Mims and IP in 1. Introductory Activity: Listen tothe Story of Kamlon From 1948 to 1955, Ha Kamion, 4 WIL veteran and wellknown ero frm the town of Luu, Sul prowrce, unexpected rebeledaganst the Plppine goverment. Ne defes governmert authorities fr eg yeas and socesiuly evaded arrest deste the fot that he Prappne may Nos alten concentrated Is orcas FJ to prove that eur sreesurs weve not realy barrios onde they possess an bxvence cre or Gabon? To ananer te question, we sal Pave reac of he ‘acon sod pola sours and he pecobnal skies fo anes. 1L) How does the traditional socio-political organization of the natives look Tk peor tothe coming of Ilan In Minsupal In revising the presomic and precoloril past ofthese lands, ts imporart to recognize tht our ancestors, deqate Klosycases, Raa ceveloped an essencly Femogenau ctr. In the very frst pace ey cae fram the sare rail sock, spe rated longuges,intaba a criguo terory and share @ common envronment Hence from te Bntetand, css ens riverine communes, Lunn frag Vaayas id to Mindano Sultan Palwan, people tare a cmon way of Me. Acorn to ‘nar Corpuscur ancestors evohed an essentaly homogeneous tre Nature wae 2 primar) fecer Overall, communty le tush the ‘rcipdapo was iuened bj, 2nd responded t the common e309). ‘The genarlbeign topial crate and the lrgey unform fora ard fara favored snares, not erences From cur Pipone History clas, we learned that our preclral ancestors were Comprised of fragmented’ and. autonomous Barangays. Pipes etic FOups (icing the Moros ond Lured) may have diferent names fr te Wodional soo Poltcal organizations but the fetes and essence are bascaly the sme. For Exam, amarg the Haun, the barangay fds Bs equivalent Inthe term "Gao" While te Maran "Pengampang™ practically etomizes the networks and dynamics of the old brengonc societies, Unt the great ancient kzatins™, the barangays were retvey smal. Ye leaking at Tose, & has area ated in one Hight the stats of @ sate fas teriory, people, government and admnstratve cat over group He Khas @ government that reve around the author and admunstaive ladersip of the Baty, who was vay asta bya councl of ers composed of repesetatves rm the diferent kn groups ving wt fs etry Goneray, we can daw the socal sratfcation sjstem ofthe barangay into thee, rary the Datu (ros the Dats and hs fry the freemen (neues warriors, merchants, peasrt,afsans) ard the dependents (wich were met composed eck peons ad prisoners of war Uke the Caste system of Indy te social Statist in the Brora was nt Hid 35 there was Seal may in the satan. Fer instance, whe 2 Oat always encouraged to maxry 2 member of the acy, thaoretaly however, no one can prover fam fom marin 2 women belonging to moter dass. Heres, the Barengancsooery was tre demote compared tthe colts of medeval Europe and angen nga whose svetfeaton system Were 3, To further susrate socal moby, some tribes, ke the Higaunon, choose a Datu not because his blooine but becatse of peole's choice and decison. The same an be Sid about the Subaren wt ges anyone the chance te bea Tim So long as he Powerld enough to protec he nhs. Among the Tava raciional commnty Koders kiown a5 Taunaas are rk abo based an led bt bythe mater, orl intelectual prowess of the parson” ether ties, even the chtanship can Be 2 Ace oi Ser, the Perens ecole he fa ‘cis or piconet act poten sane the hares the space tse at ‘teen Tne rngangog intl Stay fe pita a nan er de fron carn res vo eyes by Saves Cert oom Poe Ah to mary he noopen to women, who could demonstrate wom, magical powers, the aby to {Smmaricate withthe unseen world and performing saced tas. This espealy true aang the Mancoo who had wines he leadership of several Indy Ost knoe among them as Babaon” In other eutures, bang chifaln can be vary exlusve fo 2) What kind of leadership and govemance did the Pre-Islamic natives observe? The vattonal concegt of leadership among Moros and Lumads are sl vy dscemble ven ip today. Wie the ie may vary tam one etc group to athe” yet, the Foqutements, chracteisis and quale f te tal lace afe more of es the Same. Acoring to eal vadtons, tere was even an sarc in the pre lame past that some mbes of Moros and’ Lomads used the same Ste in rearing fo thar hears Among the Vancbo,Subanen Tray and Maguindanacn, the used to cll thes lenders "Timuy” before the aval of Shane Kabungsuan. Accorang to Najeeb Slee the Maguindanaons were instngulshable from the Manobes, ard ‘aways, a6 al her gps shared a cammon ecology and were of the same cre. The. abtants of Siangan, Nagundaran, Katwan and ‘ose ofall the other setemens of the vay ware paren and were ‘ery sear to the preset Thrraj in language ard worship. I was the ‘econ to accent or reject Iam tat trough abun the beginning of ‘ireentaten =| OF cous, the tem Dau til widely used as an honorific en almost a Moro an tad bes even up to today. In fac, mary oral aations woud talus that when Islam wes ivoaued to Mindanao, communities and tes who scented the Isomic fat converienty changed these “Datu nto “sutan’, "Imam "Ha, "Qad anc ther ismized tle Thus, the Lumac an Maro ta ens lrply share tf Cornmen qualis and charac. What are these Garactershics? The Datu oF chieftain always starts by earring the respect of his people in the Conary He usualy eons tis Uwough rover, ganeosty ard won. Depending ‘onthe umber of peopl, faes and vilages he hod poected and fp he Dat teeter and extent of wfuenee ete. ing the Higaunon, the teary of the Bats cle Gaop andthe pope tren ae called ssn. Cstomaly, the Dats lence dicatoal ashe Ma to consul the coun ofelers in alata raters reauing season thar affect the communty. These who compese the councl of eer are {Sualy heacmen of he fails ard dans, who seve as bonafie representatives othe rope the Gaop. Ths means that even tore the Renatsnce per in zope, the Mors ard tumads had been observing ard implementing te socalled democracy the fi of governance. Uer the vastonal setup, goremance fi the hands Of any and nc manopalaed by the Dat ane To the Mone, como an Iatuiag (Dats) means becoming soles. He should think (of hs pesae fst onan msn. He sha bother to know te prosiems confontng he Goesttunts and help thom I) Chr needs. He must abo ensre at hs people ae Tamonousy lng mth one another and encurze peace big nth neightonng communes, 1st ike the Manoa, the Mareaka expects the Mkadory (Marsala ‘Bae) be egupoed we aces ques Me Orovay, Merough tnowtdge OF He Mactan ates te Moca onan” Anan te Man he‘ite eastomary lows, wisdom and atcustoness. He musta be fat, moray upright {nd fancy Capable = he out! nea hs weak to appeese gnunted parbes ‘inn conc medaton and in resoing feuds ‘Far the Subane, a Timay (dita) mis posses not ony fihting sis and franc ‘agony, re porary, he must be real, emotonaly matre, busrous (9, ‘sponstie and 3 goad etanple i the commanty. He must nt be 9 crunkart, 2 (over a tet or rant. He shoul be pncpled, mse ad 9 good implement oF (he ls hte Liste te ater tits, the Hgaunon consiers imag and scent asthe morta ‘quis tna 0 ts mast passes Bu apa fram these akties, (he Dt mit 50 ‘be samenne wt kos how fo reote the Dasa, sig the Lintay and narate the ‘Busca (argn stones ofthe Higauron peone) and Ulagig (story) He must lear ‘ne Talenagon or the sues canmeny Inctad during the perfomance of Sngamgo (Grape ua) ‘though the Moro ceiain wouk adopt the Isic tie “Sitar, he nonetheless ft the trctioal Dats whase leadership is conidered ideal wen he cape of Dotecting ard apna fis people Hels expected to serve hs community by beng there ithe te. He has no slr and cbseres nom ins fice ours. He ste hands 0 leader 247 soto speak In mes of war, he must ead is pesple in bate; in mes f famine, Re expe i Teed everyone; when somebody is, hesSuppesed to ‘ve the biggest donat,wen a Sok gets maria he reeds to oer the bagest Neding of When fas constuents Fah, he must mediate and. resave the crc, wwe olen means sharng and drbng Fis weath to appease te offended party 3nd to ensure restorative jistice* Perhaps, the ony payment the Sutan/Dan gets Fx this socal services the genuine respect a lopaty of hs pepe: The cheenaton a tne gaunon leader eagerly capture this “in the lowing, te on wha ste the confi would beth ene aid. The lawyer who. resohes the problem would be Empensted. Inte mounts, he dau wou shoe al the 3.) How do the natives resolve conflict the traditional way? To chim tat there was absolute peace nthe preisamicfpre-soil days o Mnsupla Is cetay goundess Aer a, every cule and canst in the wal ust hove teperencedcofts and wars a some point te respective histories. For example, wee cannot dary that the let “Rua” and "Pangoyo” were wellknown pats of out ira tes, We mn have eet rane or Xt he ms re ene Ye, our inarest les not on the above vert itt but on how the trdonal oro and Limed communities resolve confit. We opt to fave this = ou focus because ndigenos conic resldion most inductive In the westem stam, confcs are resolved by foray fing cass Incas, hing lawyers and wating forthe judpe to fish hebng the cases in orcer to render Ne hate tomer edaverdict. At the end of every case, one party loses while arth wins. Ao, the ‘estonsip betwean the capanans and acrused ae not mended. The loses wep Zc hold ther grudges wl the winers corte But inte ndlgenous system, every averue is optimalyexlered not justo resaive the confi per se but 0 enaie recnchtion between the caving pari While pnehmant ls sometimes inevasle, the Utrate objective ofthe confi reson proces is reconcition. Thi = the essence of indigent ike Hay among the Bisaye, Pagpaptawod at Sordugo. ang) the Taglgs, Kapeprelet among. the aranio, Dijana among the Rigauon,Pagslu among the Maguindareo and Tas, Another unique aspect in indigenous confct resolution i thatthe Datu does nt solely rencer judgement. In fac, t's the guidance of the ees andthe consensus ofthe Cerny tat matters most inthe Gecson making pocas. Though tis, ches and talance serene so tht te Daa is prevented From becoming 2 fra o @ deat. 2S asym of uty nthe aemunly, he must nays be consutate othe ers an Up the comemsy ceneenais mn eucal decsons Thi prt ofthe cstomany ts 3d the Dat mus fo tis oreo he wl en the wrath of the Almghty whieh cad mean is downfall ae community fader" In mary ofthe Moro ae Lumad tres, Dats and respected members ofthe cuncl of lees sso at as medators. They do hat oly facltate comenurcaton and peters but also assume recpansty fr rasa the requred Blood money called manag The Imedators may ince respec renee ote cnficng parts, tballanrs rom ther communities or women with uence nthe are. We can surmise thatthe indlgenaus process of setting dsputs anon the Mors and lLumads in the pr-Isamic days were mare or ss sir, excep that, wn the Mares were converted to Isam, they smply replaced the eigerouscarmonies with Isamic Fut (eq, swearing before the Quran, rechng Arabi prayers ard evakig the name OF Alt), But general, te process stars by serving te peace medater/ nagar ‘es respected by bth pares. The sitive may cme om one of the dsputants oF from 2 thrd party One, the messtor ie idetfed and. assiming be accep the Irutaten, he then sa coming to and om the coring partes ying to ange © pracfl meeting betieen the two. Once bth parties accept his ritation, an opening Fuels thon prformed i the presence ofthe conflicting partes. tis the genre te that bath aries she erin fom shout, ponding f fingers and sing of harsh words. The Dat must exsure tha the two pares take prt ina balaaw (dalogue 0° Cenfic setter) whch means they are gen te chance to speak. When the Cermlants ae preserted the cau str he proces checking and vestigatng fac 2 falaces, As ported ut aready, he needs to confer every now a then wih oer tecersn the community before caning up wth the next corse a ato Decsions onthe case woud depend ypan the nate and gravy ofthe offenses. For 2 minor effense ft canbe seed trough paying of moral damages. Fora major oes, Geath Is the corespondng penaly. Ba oft, to cnuve no futher damage. emit and recoreaton ascertains, the madiosng Oat can avays sierste the death pansy with an indernienn, He mut be esbve enough tf 2 ian soutien for everyone lterwe he wll be dragged tothe conict he econ/sigestion fast lene everyone As an example, etopement wih a soon-to-be mand woman amang the Subanen Dinishable by death. If no. Dats wil mediate, violence wil certaly ensue The [fended Pond f the gloc to‘ and the waa fay vl etary metvate them {to kl the ecping coupe especaly the man who tock the brideto‘be. In such 3 se, “icq acest Cut sang staan,an eminent canger of tack and counterattack is loming. A Datu must therefore itervne to ensue the commun ies wanqulty Al ers il then be exert by the medatng Oat fd the elapng couple sed bring them to justice. Teorey, the couple ls punhade by cast bu tocol the camepe the Datu can ahvays argue that ceo ldo no goa The Datu must hersfore be vty arate comnce the ffened party. He wil then siggest that neat of dea, the fended pty may Semand for te payment of morl damages. In that way, the offended can use the Ironey to lok for another woman wh ing to become his wee. In case the tffendar and is fan caret pay, the Dat wil Rave to shor te paymart On fondtan the fender wil have to seve the Dat for eetain per of tne, Sependig onthe amour of the poynet mace bythe Dat to seve hi ven in cass itohing death's, the mediating Datu can alnays beg the cofcing partes to accept the blond money fr reconclaten. He can alvays argue Tat more Figs val not make the dead relatives Ive agan. Among the Marana, the reconligion recess is generalyfactated by tang the Tarsa or dan genealogy Thiel a geet mechonam for tconliaton at Marango Clans ar fami re ays rated i one way or anather by singuinty or aint. In not a few netances, the Settee ef co (ead) aang te Moranaes oul even end yp i tear to sure Ge conf doesnot rcs By leting s man and @ wom fom He we rs marry, the feuding fares became one ante For the Hgaunen, a dispute must be ended_by arta called Tampud. Theoretical, two things could happen atte concn ofthe ua.) end the dpe violet Dy Souter er 2) peneeuty end te coves trough rezanciaton and fegeting che ‘ere Tompucs as a rual stats with 2 panda (prayer) Api, chicken and a pece of ratan fe thn effered to the spits. Inthe peseace of the config partes, the cficatg Dat wil saughter se offered animal. and ten suspense flows when the Danis exacted to ct te the rattan usualy using te blo at was wed when the cgime oF king was canmtted, The offcating Datu wi ct the atta we spouting: “As the rattan eat, so the colt between the two pris shal ere In case the rattan ro a tthe ft strike, the Daas wo more chances fo ak he tera. the Oud (east) sre sti fal toc the fttan, ean thatthe Rl ground al Serve asthe final verve of bate betwen te vo wari famies. They mat make thes tna stand ght there and then. Tearetcaly the what shoud happen But a Featy, te meding Datu knows haw acl hs sre 1 end the nlc As 2 fle thertere, the Dau pours all his energy to ct the ratan if posse et reaching the thr sre, so that mre often than not cont eaces tat reac the Tempus rl ‘sual had Nappy ends. Sando or bod compacts ao 2 nant inthe pee-anc days aman the ors and Lima Arsong the Blan, the selng rel afer» confit mas resolved {aed Sa0yan. Tis rues made by mang 9 lle ison onthe lt chest ofthe Cerficting vical to take a crop of od whch wil be mined 2 lass of wine The Hood obtained fom the left chests very symbole as t's near the heat of the Individuals, suggesting sncerty ofthe Sadyardparicpants. The conficing partes then dine fom the same asst sin ther agreument that thenceforth they became toad brehers The Tausog recognize the ceremony as Pagum Dugo an the p= Islamic Magurvanaons must have perfor ths ay ieicated by Datu Bars Blood Cmpoc th the Dats Leyte n £603" 4.) what was the landholding system in the pre-colonial days?Lite in the old barangay was essentally communal. Land preparation, planting and farvtng| as wel © food gating, fhing and even house buldog were ane ‘copes by nesgbore and fae Ths the org of the term Bajannan among the Tagabg, Payinabangy anong the Baya, Avidan among the Maranao, hich Eascaly refs fo recprecy, muta Rep etd suport and cocperatve labor i the commun In extn the cman of theo barangays, Once Corps wrote ‘The tacks ays end in the afternoon, flowed by feasting and inking. The family whose land was plows, of hows bt hosted everybody stor and anhpoloicl evidences also suggest tha the indgerass lan tenure Daten in. the. prelsemelpre oan! des were. larstersed by communal “ownership. By the term communal owners, the Meos and Lumads actualy mean CGnmmura’ stenarsip. This so becuse everyody believed the a water and tverthing inthis Wor ncn te andar only erste to the ites by the rel fener whom the noes varousy ct Maghatoya, Magbubtet, Babel, Tail, Wanam ancter nares tat eer tothe odon of an Almighty Creator ant Sista ‘Smply put the Datu oly sere a= the manage” and overseer of an ates trusted to te tbe byte Aight e by the spats whe is Tolowers only Soe 3 Stewarts ofthe assoned parcels of ke. They may have usuficuary rats (Le, the Fight to use) over the land but no one Ras the right to sl it > other peple fr they {Greet be ones ndcually and private 5.) What is Maratabat and how does it capture the definition traditional pride, honor ‘and dignity? Thar ae a tof nang vats that we cance forthe Moos and Lod. But we shal focus our scssion hare tothe nabves concept of “peice, "honar” and “ny wich encapsulated In the concep of Marae, sham such covet define the People psyche and therefore serve a an nortan key to undestandg ta Heraabat sa Maraao term bu t's nota mecopoly of te Maraneo becuse ter etre rp Dave ls ther own sar anceps In act, we may equate th Sabana" and "wa" among the Tagalog, Kau uy Gat ara the Baya, Kosa among the Tausag, ete We may have diferent terme fork and various degree of Ianfestaton but eentaly they al fer to our ence of city. Let us scx than aratabtas manfesied among. the Maretoos af Lanao. because Is {YpKaly represrtatve ofthe naves concert of Sgn especialy among tbe Mes. Maratabat is baleved to be an indgencus concept but the tenn Asaf 2 loanword em Arab. Carton Rem note ts ‘rong the Maranao.. maratabat has developed beyond the origina ‘able Bascaly the meaning has been shied by te Marans fem Tre nana tm ie ps brent ye tin es vse Carl olane moron oni: mpton or Pes oon‘ark 1 rank sensitivity, fom presoe t seeking after prestige {tom sits to atatus honor and status enhancement: The mean tas been changed by Maranao usage. Inthe process the orginal word as been filed wh new andre although rated) meanings. tis very posible that the presen undersanding of maraiabat'& an “rlgerous preislanie Papo ide, and that arnao maataat ssn ‘Abe loanword whieh Ras been shor of erga mearing I oder ‘tthe concep that was ea preset nthe Maranao soc.” ‘cording to Mamita Saber (eal) martabat Is the “key to Morongo payhobay Maranaos Used tis Tok mental makeup “to accu fr, explain, Jasly drat acon and bears over 2 we range of stuatns” fo the Manan, rarer is "hougtt to be te fncamentl motvatng force” tat served ae bas for Juding 2 pasan "as good or ba, not so much in tema ofthe consequences of hs acs bit rather in tame ofthe ear to whch he has marstoat. The antwopslonst Fehvn Merck lz ade thatthe notion of "maratabat she ngke-mostenetonay serge concep in Mara cute” ain quote " there ae varying amounts of maratabet, andthe Mararaos respect ‘mom highy fuse meroors of ther sodey no hive 2 Na maratabat, 2 lvge/bahgh pride. Furthemie, the imporarce of ‘maranatha Baan neghtened to such a door mi Marengo enc tat ‘or mary Morass maratabat i more precious than fe tif The idea pervades Maranan soy becuse indudes men, women and cen ~ bath sexes anda age groups. When chien leave ther family and home fo wt oter places the fal ges ther {his paring aavce "Remember your maratabat Cceroboratng thie the observation of Saber (et!) which salt ‘Te Mango themsshes explcty recognize. a mam without imaratabat ie nobody, cr 4 man ho lose he martabst Becomes ‘ey, very sal, ond an important man ls one with lots of ‘mavatabat* So what is martabat? Many authors are agreed that ts closest English cquvalee is pride, honor and self-esteem.” Ac mernonod avaady, ths Is rot @ ‘monopoly ofthe Maranaa becaure ether Morr and Lumads have also tr or srr Concepts, We deemed mpeate. to choose the Naranao example Dease I fcempies the conunal character of pide, heror and. silesteen, whith s Soracerstialy present ancy adtonl Moros snd Luma That is why. among these mvs, feud ie selom Benieeniahicals because even pride, honor and sl fStecr fcallectvely ouned (Le. communal anchored on the fan an ote). To further erighean us about Maratabar’s communal career, Raymend Urea has is fo Say onthe mater:(torataba) appears to be conpounced with and insti bythe ilgnce of eerie family. The Maran nd, therefore, cares ‘hie mind and on hs Bact —the se acteem ofthe can In 2 manner speaking, he snot bang proud ani of mse but of his fay a9. ‘hd ever fhe were no conslous Fhe Would be proud for them ‘Thus, the Marengo maratabat sno ordary pri, honor and self-esteem ofthe individ! for i nok only led wth anes sacl ray stats, prestige, power and Intuence in eaton to oer nds but also one's any, anand tbe Telton toter fails, clas ad tris Just the the Tagalog plana, Martabat per sos nather good nor bad. tt becomes good ony when the corsequerces of ts manfesatons are constructive; and ad hen is effects are cestucine. Martabt i ood when fis shown to hep needy restves an other poor people; recreate the goeenes of one neighbor wth at fen hher degree showing. bravey” in protacing neighbors and community, Semonstratng lenders snd cof resolution ‘ls by seting, Rd; eater. Warataat cn be Bad wen becomes unregulated and manested waywardy cerany bad maatabat when the saeriraly spe things (ie whstng Ot 3 by at 2 So wanting ones car to folow Inetedatey the bil car curng a. wedding Fotrece) could gow ito ful-lown fe eis aso tad maratabat when one tiesto “Showt™ even fs beyond his means 1: also bod Maratabt when cne looks down upon ater people and becomes iaccessble to them. Thy maretabat has fs om tens and demerits On one extreme en can grobelycaume the ditegration of Maranao sooty, yet, on the ober, the some can aso be Greed to up te SO sooty to greater hess So, Martabat does ot only concn the india. Rather, is competes Ievlves as wel the image af he fly, can or even tbe. This the aso wy there fe no beggars ameng the Maraaos fr the sfc rltives make sure that te poor Ienbers of te family of an are supported. Otherwise Ir the poor relates became beggars, the mage of te faraly or can © destroyed. In sich 2 case, the eal ‘ember and te fory/cans mareatat would be Serished and teefore the wacle Bin prop woul ose ace 6.) What are some ofthe features ofthe natives indigenous religions prior to the coming of Islam inMinsupala? ven sf many ofthe Moros and Luma nowacays ae aeacy prticng Muslims an Chrctas, elements ofthe prelslamic and pre Christan religion re tl dscamiie ther bet syteme These ements would every now and then appear inthe frm superstitions tht are not pat ofthe Islamic and Chistian teachings. The combination ofthe new ard od reins rents to what anthropologists would cal fl sl nd fa Csi Interestogy, even before the advent of moncthisie raligans (Je. Is and Ghrstanty) when “wroduced™ the cancext of God Almighty, the indigenous prpuabons had already a concert of 2 Supreme Beng, whe created ard sustained egg. They not cal Hm Aah oe God, rather they have vr names or He Vaghabaya among the ‘Subanen, igeunen, Buxchon and. Manske Magbutsat mong the Benya, Bala er Haykapa among’ the. Taga Manama’ among the Wanabo, Mondaangan among the Bagabo, Tog amen the Dtabaven, ei Apart from thi the natives ao eleven athe unseen bangs that Ive n eves wae, “raymond tsa Sci ae New Marana Th Techn ote hy 86rmourtais, wees, rocks and other natural traces. Far nstance, the Naranaos used to baleen Tongs whch at heuaht to be Benevolent unseen bois. Acarding tothe fic Darangen of te Marans, the Tonengs orga frm the unin of Rajah Inderapata to 2 Karbang (2 mate: nymeh) named Pot Ramla. They begat Chile: one & inl (damipayag) Wille te other one ls an rcrary human berg. ‘The invile trthe, who became te ancestor ofthe Tonengs pomsed to help ans poten hs oxanary brother who became the ancestors of the Marana. Thus, the Faanao woud ivoke the Torong eve time they were plagued with des an Sanger They ae aso Invoked to psa ther cop fam deseucton by pests, we fsimals and. neta calarites They wold a perform rus (aly kon 25 Klang 2 Tenong) to ask the unseen beings to grant the a good catch hen ishing fr hating. Ths cexanony is done by offen chen and fhe gs air wth the Biaying of muscal instruments such as gongs, kulinfang and debac usualy long river ban or ke shoe ‘Among the Mancbo, mountain, wer, and even the land where cops are to be pant were consdved sacred. The nave eve unsoen spe oth good and tad, Fesde i them. Ths, hen stepping ito unmade laces, they are always ery {autus by ct making noses or any forms of dsurtance in opening on tea Tr poking, ec cavefly sdected and chosen depending an the omen ahd Se which they bleved were coming fom the spees that guard the fore, tees, and farm ste (One saracuar omen i the sound of te Lmukon (ude Gove) whieh acrorang to anobo bel the messenger of Meter Earth Fer the Sutane, the plating season scormmunion withthe spits. Every year, they Set ase an arcane of sed that wl be sed fr specail ald Pangas. Inthe anges the Subanen coos ot plow the aldo use led tals in ting te oi. They Siply bore oles on the land using 2 wooden bbl. Then opp tho sexs are roped into the hee without covering it wn bose sol. Sudanens Deve the the Sars ad the guardans ofthe crops wil do Hee, the Panga © @ tual that mates Fhiman bangs war ith the nail prs of te car (ther etic groupe alo have thar similar rts tet recognize iveble beings at ‘iar f other Earth. Yt al he rt an portant gue lean performing the coremodtes. Hejste acts a masator between the mvias and the Spe wor Hejhe f Belered to be capable of conveying messages to and from the vile and Inve realms, He/she sto ought to ave powers to ert the fe an ee the Supemaurl ora, The nates tun to hen fr healing and protection He/she the Bayan 1V. Concluding Peace Value/Statement The preisamic and preokonal past serves 2s the ong lst connection between the present Flipnos. By Took back, present-generatons of Musi, Lumads and Grins fe reminded that our enceltos at se pat nou Rory shared many conmenates tan aferences. Fr ust se ths, ll we need t dos eace ou Spe Tce into the past and rekindle the meaning of Sandigo std Seay tht ou srcesre shares ‘Sapte sna Sangh ne nan ar oe ben prt na st ea fe te aca nny a ont nae er ey sorta ot ina artnet esCur present leaders may take the example of our indigenous ta clans who espe the fa hat they recaved na sary, they were sein tel people sissy We do not need t eck for examples and mec fom foreign lan for ur nave rcstrs showed us aed) Pow Eto bea ral leer! The communsien that charcenzed the peelsamicprecelonial soosties of our ancestors sul rer us that weve soc sbgatons fo ou fel Fanos. The the essence of fayanihon, Awudan and Pagunabongay which re presous values tat Strengthened the felng of cneness and sense of betrgingness ong ou ancestors the od barangays. I we wart this county to say tat, al Fp, regards of tthe ara relios Wet, shou be gen equal oppatunty to ecm posal, fcucateral and aitrlaavancemert. Not ony tht Fipina shoul be ef Bd Poverty and ignrance. Tis the essence of "walang manan” (Le, no one sheud be [etbetnd be he Musi, Lumed er Cwtan! The presont gnertion of Flipinas could aso take inspaton fam the traional confit resokton of ur ancestors. They dd not ony seck for jstice by lposing ppanstments; more impatardy, they stele to mend broken telalonsips and ved {o"acheve recnaaton. The St ofeeorclision indeed very ly esp Ih the bgnt_of the present peace process between the MILF ard te Phpine (Goverment (ur ancestors! reverence and respect for mother nature is also very instructive to the Present generation of Flos. The noban tat Mother Earth isnot a dead tg we can Fist own fe expec stable Inthe hit of eneermental dracon and cate honge that we experience an Sue tam nowadays Enrichment Activites 1. Describe the picture in relation tothe content of Module 3resent Favorable/Unfavorable? wh [3 what re ngenous practice of iin which you sil practice at home or resent in your community? List own 30 practices at the back ofthe bord f2perin Question Number 2 V. References Disoms EsmailR. The Manto: A Stil of thr Practices and Beefs Office othe Vee hancllorfor Research and Extension MSU Mar Mar iy. Voor? Gann, John M. The Manatas af Mindanse, Vol XAUnted States Goverment Priming Ofc. USA. 1829, aa, Ben J. Mary ofthe Moro and Indigenous Peoples of MINSUPALA Ofce ofthe Vie Chancel for Reseorch ana Extension, Maras ye MSU-Maav. 2012 Masinring, Monggob Revo NK. Understanding the Luma: A Coser Look at 9 Misunderstad Cubure (etter Poundoton) Baguio Cy: Valey Poti Speci 2011 ir, Jesane and Helen. Maman Grammar: Insite of Unguistis Hunengton Seach ‘Catoma. 1976 Rodi, Rudy etal. Lumad Sele Sjstem_ Epscopal Commision on inerreiious ‘logue (EID) and resent Aver onthe Peace Proese. 2000 A Story of Mindanao and Sits in Question and Anse. TINCODE Oavoo Cy. 2003, ___The Mnarizaton of te Incigenous Communes of Mindanao and the “Sly Arctipeliga. Cavan iy: Alterra Form for Research in Mindanao Ine 2004 ha Exploratory Stucy of the Subanens of Zamboanga Peninsula.” Typeset, 2002,