Syllabus| Instrumentation | B.

E in Electronics, Communication & Information

Engineering | II Year I Part | Tribhuvan University

Instrumentation
EX 510

Lecture: 4
Faculty: BEI
Tutorial: 1
Year: II
Practical: 3
Part: I

Course Objectives:
To provide the basic concept of instrumentation and knowledge of microprocessor
based
instrumentation system to interface different kinds of peripherals, circuit design
techniques and
instruments for a wide range of measurement problems.

1. Instrumentation System (2 hours)

1.1 Analog and Digital Signals and Systems
1.2 Instrumentation System: Definition, Block Diagram, Component Descriptions
1.3 Need for Electrical, Electronics, Pneumatic and Hydraulic Working Media
Systems and
Conversion Devices

2. Theory of Measurement (6 hours)

2.1 Static performance parameters ‐ Accuracy, Precision, Sensitivity, Resolution
and Linearity
2.2 Dynamic performance parameters ‐ Frequency response, Bandwidth, Response
time
2.3 Errors in measurement and Their Statistical Analysis
2.4 Measurement of Voltage & Current (Moving Coil & Moving Iron Instruments)
2.5 Measurement of Resistances (Low, Medium And High)
2.6 AC Bridge (Wheatstone Bridge, Maxwell’s Bridge, Schering Bridge)

3. Transducer (8 hours)
3.1 Introduction and Classification
3.2 Applications of Transducers:
3.2.1 Measurement of mechanical variables: Displacement, Strain, Velocity,
Acceleration
And Vibration
3.2.2 Measurement of Process Variables ‐ Temperature, Pressure, Level, Fluid
3.2.3 Measurement of Bio‐physical Variables Blood Pressure and Myoelectric
Potentials

4. Microprocessor Based System (2 hours)

4.1 Basic Features, Advantages and Disadvantages of Microprocessor Based
Instrumentation
System
4.2 Types: Open Loop and Close Loop
4.3 PC Interfacing Techniques
4.4 Review of Address Decoding, Mapping I/O and Interfacing of I/O ports and
Memories
5. Parallel Interfacing With Microprocessor Based System (6
hours)
5.1 Methods of Parallel Data Transfer: Simple I/O, Simple Strobe I/O, Single &
Double Handshake
I/O
5.2 8255 as General Purpose Programmable Peripheral Device: Block Diagram, Modes
of
Operation, Generation Control Words
5.3 Interfacing Examples: I/O Ports, Keyboard, Printer, Seven Segment Display
etc.
5.4 Introduction to ISA and PCI bus

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 Syllabus| Instrumentation | B.E in Electronics, Communication & Information
Engineering | II Year I Part | Tribhuvan University

6. Serial Interfacing With Microprocessor Based System (6 hours)

6.1 Advantages of Serial Data Transfer on Parallel
6.2 Basic Concepts in Serial I/O
6.2.1 Interfacing Requirements
6.2.2 Alphanumeric Codes
6.2.3 Transmission Formats: Synchronous & Asynchronous, Simplex & Duplex,
Rate of
Transmission
6.2.4 Errors and Error Checks in Data Communication
6.2.5 Data Communication Over Telephone Lines
6.2.6 Standards in Serial I/O: RS232, RS422, RS423
6.2.7 Interfacing Examples
6.3 USB: Different Standards, Signals, Throughput, Protocols, Wireless USB and
On-The-Go

7. Interfacing ADC and DAC (5 hours)

7.1 DAC: Characteristics, Weighted Register Type, R-2R Ladder Type
7.2 ADC: Characteristics, Successive Approximation Type, Ramp Type, Dual-Slope
Type, Flash
Type
7.3 Interfacing Different DAC and ADC to Microprocessor
7.4 Errors in ADC and DAC

8. Data Acquisition System (2 hours)

8.1 Data Acquisition System
8.2 Data Loggers
8.3 Data Archiving and Storage
8.4 Bluetooth Devices and Characteristics

9. Grounding and Shielding (4 hours)

9.1 Outline for Grounding and Shielding, Safety
9.2 Noise: Sources, Energy Coupling Mechanism, Prevention
9.3 Grounding: Single-point Grounding, Ground Plane and Ground Loop
9.4 Filtering: Bandwidth Minimization, Ferric Beads, Decoupling Capacitors, Line
Filters,
Isolators and Transient Suppressors
9.5 Shielding: Definition and Types
9.6 Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge
9.7 General Rules for Design

10. Circuit Design (3 hours)

10.1 Converting Requirement into Design
10.2 Reliability and Fault Tolerance
10.3 High Speed Design: Bandwidth, Decoupling, Ground Bounce, Cross Talk,
Impedance
Matching, Timing
10.4 Low Power Design
10.5 Reset and Power Failure Detection
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 Syllabus| Instrumentation | B.E in Electronics, Communication & Information
Engineering | II Year I Part | Tribhuvan University

11. Circuit Layout (3 hours)

11.1 Circuit Boards and PCBs
11.2 Component Placement
11.3 Routing Signal Traces: Trace Density, Common Impedance, Distribution
Signals and Returns,
Transmission Line Concerns, Trace Impedance and Matching, Avoiding
Crosstalk
11.4 Grounds, Returns, Shields
11.5 Connecters and Cables
11.6 Testing and Maintenance

12. Software for Instrumentation System (3 hours)

12.1 Types of Software, Selection and Purchase
12.2 Different Software Models in metrics, Advantages and Limitations
12.3 Risk Abatement and Failure Prevention: Issues, Development Plan, Safety
and Reliability,
Fault Tolerance
12.4 Software Bugs and Testing
12.5 Good Programming Practice

13. Electrical Equipments (4 hours)

13.1 Wattmeter: Types and Working Principle
13.2 Energy Meter: Types and Working Principle
13.3 Frequency Meter: Types and Working Principle
13.4 Power Factor Meter: Types and Working Principle

14. Case Study (6 hours)

Examples chosen from local industrial situations with particular attention paid
to the basic
measurement requirements, accuracy, and specific hardware employed
environmental conditions
under which the instruments must operate, signal processing and transmission,
output devices:
a) Instrumentation for a power station including all electrical and non-
electrical parameters.
b) Instrumentation for a wire and cable manufacturing and bottling plant
c) Instrumentation for a beverage manufacturing and bottling plant
d) Instruments required for a biomedical application such as a medical clinic
or hospital.
e) Other industries can be selected with the consent of the subject teacher or
needs.

Practical:

1. Use of resistive, capacitive, inductive transducers and other types of

transducer
2. Review of assembly language programming and simple I/O interfacing with 8255
3. Interfacing of LED, Seven Segment Display
4. Interfacing of Motors
5. Interfacing of different types of ADC
6. Interfacing of different types of DAC
7. Small Group Project: Design of simple microprocessor based instrumentation
system
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 Syllabus| Instrumentation | B.E in Electronics, Communication &
Information Engineering | II Year I Part | Tribhuvan University

References:
1. D. V. Hall, “Microprocessor and Interfacing, Programming and Hardware”,
Tata McGraw Hill
2. Ramesh S. Gaonkar, “Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and
Application with 8085”,
Prentice Hall
3. K. R. Fowler, “Electronic Instrument Design: Architecting for the Life
Cycle”, Oxford
University Press
4. Jan Axelson, “USB Complete”, Penram International Publishing
5. A.K Sawhney “A Course in Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation”
Dhanpat Rai and
Sons
6. J.B. Gupta. “A Course in Electrical & Electronics Measurement &
Instrumentation”, Kataria
& Sons

Marks Distribution:
(There may be minor deviations in marks allocation)
Unit/Chapter Hours Allocation Marks Allocation
Chapter 1 2
6
Chapter 8 2
Chapter 2 6 8
Chapter 3 8 8
Chapter 4 2 4
Chapter 5 6 8
Chapter 6 6 8
Chapter 7 5 5
Chapter 9 4 5
Chapter 10 3 5
Chapter 11 3 5
Chapter 12 3 5
Chapter 13 4 5
Chapter 14 6 8
Total 60 80

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