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The Peace Treaty of Paris (Versailles) WWI

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Giulia Trabacchi
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27 views6 pages

The Peace Treaty of Paris (Versailles) WWI

CLIL notes

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Giulia Trabacchi
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Using sources together - This type of question requires the overall ‘message ox purpose to be established. This is mare than just comparison Of surace detail, Sometimes sources will agree on some points of detal yet disagree on overall message ar purpose, answers should point these ifferences, and similarities, nd you may wish to use quotes from the sources. Some questions require more than evaluation but also comparability for elabilty or usefuress, Questions may look similar to the folowing: How far do these sources agree about..? How diferensimilar are these sources? 'sone ofthese sources more useful as evidence about.” Which source do you trust more as evidence about? 'sone source more usefulfelable than the oer for.? Are you surprise? Here i nacesay to use cote hronlege about the peson or egansation to workout wheter cot ou sre surrey the message, purpose or acon within te Source that ets totha person or pao The fnal question Source based question papers wil nce sources hich suppor te hypothes inthe questo and others which age Yeu stout ook at enh supporting source tn ond expan des: with efdence- how tat hat parce source supports re Mp The same proces sou then be flowed fr hase sources Wado nat “poo the hypothe. n eth instances your estore shoud be supported by evidence. Remember that thee questons te about he sources or he far they suport the hypothesis and not whether the hype Scot rte at id on te sues ot oa nowledge shoul be used ny oro and for your rays the sources, vere = root Importance Significance Here, avers must demonstat an abit {0.00 the mporance and gticance of vets, developments and india’ An eampeof ths approach might be How significant was the oppestion of big business in iting the impact of Roosevels New Dea? Exlain your answer. This question asks about the significance of big business, A good answer to this question might assess the imoact in terms of what \was achieved by big business opposition and also consider where big business opposition was lss succesful. This might involve the nature of impact such as how powerful was the impact". This would then allow consideration thatthe New Deal continued in spite of opposition, since this was not sufficient drastic, ‘Throughout ths revision guide, you wil find examples ofthe diferent types of questions listed here, to alow you to practise and get familar With the clfferet sivles of questions. Your teacher should aso be able to provide past papers to hela you prepare for examination, Were the peace treaties of 1919-23 fair? KEY IDEAS This section wil: Describe the roles ofthe “Big Thee” in the peacemaking proces. > Examine the reasons fr ther individual motives and aims. > Analyse to what extent each of them achieved ther as, Consider the impact of the treaties on Germany ards ales Evaluate the view thatthe treaties were “usted atthe time Background ‘The Fist World War came to an end in November 1918. By the end ofthe \war over 15 millon people had been Kled, the economy of Europe was in ‘uns and both the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires had colapsed, In Russia the Bobhevis had come to power. In January 1919 delegates from 32 countries were invited to meetin Paris at ‘the palace of Vesailes. Each nation present wanted a settement that would last. The defeated nations and Soviet Russa were not invited to attend. {At this conference five treaties were drawn up and refered to collectively 435 the Versailles Settlement. The main ane was the Treaty of Verslles. whieh dealt with Germany Th other treaties dealt with Germanys ales. ‘he lesders of Britain, France and the United States played a significant part inthe decision-making and became known asthe "Big Three” Each of these leaders had his own motives and they al had different ‘outcomes in mind. Woadkow Wison from the United States believed his objectives could be achieved through hs “Fourteen Points”. Georges Clemenceau representing France Wanted future sect for hes county while David Uoyd George from Britain wanted to avoid intense German grievance. However, diferences in opinion on how this should be achieved led to disagreements and compromises being made that resulted in ferce iticism ofthe Versails Settlement, and especially the Treaty of Versailles Germany fet that they had been treated too harshly and that they should Seek revenge. Others thought the punishment should have been harsher The background to the Versailles Settlement A the end of the Fst World War, Germany ands alles—Austa-Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria-—had fed in tee attempt to dominate Europe. There were several key factors at play asthe Versailles Settlement was Gscussed Every country involved wanted to prevent another war Four years cof war had devastated many parts of Europe. Millon of solders on bath sides were kiled or inured Towards the end ofthe war the defeated powers sought an armistice This meant hostites were suspended. The armistice terms had an important effect on the terms ofthe peace teaties themselves, a5 the principle of reparations was established ‘There had been a revolution in Russia: The Bolsheviks had come to pone folowing revolution. A left-wing group cften known as communis, ‘they pledged to destroy capitalism throughout the word Germany had deat withthe Russians inthe Teaty of Brest-tovsk: the treaty took large amounts of land and 2596 of the population. The Ales bleved that if Gemany had won they would have done the same 10 Britain and France ‘The mood within countries in 1919: There vas strong feling in Bain and France that Germany should be held responsible forthe war and should pay fr al the damage and destruction, 1.1 What were the motives and aims of the Big Three at Versailles? ‘The roles of the “Big Three” in the peacemaking process Clemenceau motives and aims were: ‘+ to ensure te future security of France at Germany had attacked France twice in the previous 50 years ‘+10 punish Germany severly leaving it weak ‘+ the permanent disarmament of Germany * a very high level of reparations to pay forthe destruction caused by Germany 1 the tum of Akace-Lorane to France + the Rhineland to become an independent state so that France no longer shared a common berder with Germany ‘the Saar Basin tobe transferred to France Wisons motives and aims ware: + a fai and asting peace to prevent Germany seeking revenge + aimed to allow nations to decide ther own political future (ol determinaton) + international cooperation with countries werking together to setle disputes peacefully inthe future ‘+ his Fourteen Points Uoyd Georges motives and aims were: ‘+a “ust and fim” peace which avoided Germany seeking revenge but satisfied the Brtish people + ashare of Germany’ colonies + the economic revival of Europe and the German economy so trade would be re-established ‘+ to reduce the threat ofthe spread of communism from Russia ‘+ tomaintan the strength and power ofthe British navy to protect Britain colonies + 10 persuade Clemenceau to make key concessions to ensure France didnot become the dominant power in Europe, 2 Fg 13d Gee 1.2 What were the main terms of the Treaty of Versailles? Key terms of the Treaty of Versailles ‘War Guilt (Article 231): Germany was forced 1 accep total responsibilty {or stating the war Reparations: Germany had to accep lability forthe damage caused by the war and pay eparations. The figure fr reparations was not decided at Versailles. twas finaly agreed in 1921 and was seta £6,600 malin. The Rhineland: The Rhineland was to bea demiltarised zone, German troops were not alowed inthe area at formed the border between Germany and France, n ation there was o bean Aled ary of ‘occupation onthe west bank ofthe Rhine for 15 years Anschluss: Germany ands former aly Austria were not alowed to unite Disarmament: The Germany army was ited to 100,000. The soldiers had tobe volunteers as conscription was banned. No tanks or heavy artilery military or naval ait force, or submarines were permitted. The navy was restricted to_36 warships including 6 battleships and 15,000 sar. League of Nations: An international police force was ta be set upto prevent future war. Decisions about territory under the terms ofthe Treaty of Versailles. Territory Decision ‘Alsace Lorene Returned to France ‘The Saar Basin To be administered bythe League of Nations for 18 yeas. After tha time a plebiscite would be held to decide it should belong to France, to Germany or remain under League contol Danzig Was to become a Free City administered by the League of Nations. Poland could use the port and the strip of land known asthe Polish Corridor Eupen, Malmedy and Moresnet Tenstered to Bagium: North Schieswig TTansfered to Denmark ‘West rusia, Posen and | Tansfered to Poland arts of Upper Silesia Meret Transfered to Uthuania ston, Lata and Uthuania ‘Set yp as independent states. Became mandates ofthe League of Nations, ‘which effectively meant that Britain and France

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