INTRODUCTION TO BEAUTY THERAPY

Beauty—is the outward appearance of a person

Therapy---services done to enhance beauty.

Beauty therapy—special care given to the nails, skin and other features i.e., eyelashes, eyebrows and
the lips

CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN BEAUTY INDUSTRY

Make-up artist—person who deals with make up services and he/she required basic knowledge and
practice

Freelancer—person who moves around selling his/her services i.e. ear piecing, polishing

Beauty tutor—person who offer knowledge and skills {theoretically and practically) to the learners

Salon/parlor owner---person who runs/own a beauty parlor

Beauticians –person whose job is to do beauty services

--person who provides waxing, manicure, pedicure and make up application e t c

Beauty therapists---deal with specialized services

Demonstrators—person who shows people best way on how use of products/how to carry out skills

Sales technicians/representatives---a sale person that understands marketing an engineer that

understands how to sell

Nail technician—a person who have specialized on nail services, artificial nails, gel nails acrylics

Massage therapy-a person who deals with massage services

Spa managers—a person who controls, coordinates daily activities in a spa

Tattooist-experts in henna use to design/creates various images

Electrologists- a person who is licensed deals with electric current/machines in doing facial
treatments, permanents hair removals

Chiropodist/podiatrist-specialist in foot and hand care diseases

Esthetician-a trained person to administer electrical facials, advice clients on hair, skin care

-expert in electrical therapies

Mobile therapist-a person who moves round selling his /her services or products

Holistic therapist—massage specialist deals with reflexology, aromatherapy e t c

Masseuse/masseur-a lady who performs massage services

Masseur—a male /gents who performs massage services

Cosmetologist—deals with hair and beauty therapy services

Dermatologists—is the skin specialist

CATEGORIES OS CAREER OPPORTUNITIES

1.BEAUTY SALON OPPORTUNITIES

A, general cosmetologist

Specialties

 Hair stylist masseuse/masseur tattooist

 Manicurist beautician
 Make-up artist hair colorist
 Electrologist wig stylist
 Massage therapist permanent wave stylist
 Skin specialist nail technician

C.Management

 Salon owner
 Salon manager
 Concessionaire (beauty salon, department store, chain of salon)

2.EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES

A) school management

i. Director of a private school

ii. Academic manager or dean of academics
iii. Supervisor
iv. Head of department (H.O.D)

B) teaching and guidance

i. Teacher of cosmetology
ii. Trainer of teachers
iii. Guidance counsellor
iv. Teacher of specific subject
v. Part time teachers

C) Government

i. State board member

ii. State board inspector
iii. State board examiner

D) miscellaneous educational

i. Educational director of manufacturer.

ii. Educational officers
iii. Quest artist

3.INDUSTRY AND OPPORTUNITIES

a)merchandising

 Buyer and assistant buyer

 Sales persons/sales technicians
b) scientific and manufacturing

 Company demonstration
 Researcher
 Trade technician
 Company representations

c)writing

 Promotional writer
 Beauty editors and the assistance
 Freelancer writer
 Publisher

RESEARCH ON—pharmacy beauty advicer, health/fitness Centre adviser, cosmetic consultants,

sports Centre therapist

TERMS USED IN BEAUTY THERAPY

Salon-it’s a commercial place where clients receive various services

Client/patron/clientele- a person who comes in the salon for a service

Spa- it’s a place of relaxation,well being and promoting health through nutrition of the body
treatments or services done to relive or to renew mind,body and spirit

Massage- it’s the external manipulation of soft body tissues by use of hands or machines by applying
pressure on pressure point

Parlor-it is a shop or a business offering specified or service

Customer- are people who buy goods

Dermatology—it’s the study of the study

Diagnosis-recognizing a disease by its symptoms

Etiology-study of the cause/source of disease

Disease-is any departure from normal state of health

Skin-is a soft tissue that covers the entire body

Keratin-special protein that makes up the skin,nails and hair

Symptoms-signs of disease

Cosmetics—are products used to change the appearance of the skin without interfering with the
body/skin metabolism

Consultation-use of /asking positive questions to the client prior to the service

Analysis-examination of the skin and its features.(close examination on the skin)

Metabolism ---series of chemical changes in the body

Bea utility—something that attract attention to people

Face—it’s the front part of the head between the forehead the chin that consist of eyes, nose,
mouth and other features I e eyebrows

Bacteria/germs/microbe—its more of microorganisms found in both plant and animals that may
either be beneficial or harmful thus causing infections

Disease-any departure from normal state of health

Disinfection-process of destroying some, but not all, micro-organisms

Disorder-abnormality of something uncommon I e swelling, inflammation

Release statement card-it is a document/card that a client sign after insisting for a service having
been warned by the therapist of the impending danger due to the contra indications and liabilities

Inflammation-localized physical condition in which part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot
and often painful especially as a reaction to injury or infection

Swelling—an abnormal enlargement of part of the body typically as a result of accumulation of fluid.

TYPES OF CLIENTS

 Occasional—clients who visits the solon after a long period of time

 Regular/royal—clients who visits the salon more often for various services
 Walk in/new—clients who visits the salon for the first time
 Referral--------clients who has been sent to a specialist or expert
 Seasonal-------clients who visit the salon during festive seasons is easter, Christmas

WHAT ATTRACTS CLIENTS IN THE SALON

Advertisements—they come through radio, tv, posters, social media

Through decoration-appearance of the salon

Word of mouth---how you talk to the clients

Attitude-character and behaviors (always talk sense) or how to relate other people

Personal appearance—how you look appearance of the people working

Color scheme---coordination /matching o colors.

END
 CLIENT CARE

This is the care given to the client during the time of the service in the salon

Clients should be warmly welcomed and wear charm- attractive facial expression i.e., smiling face

The client should feel comfortable and confident that you have knowledge skills and experience in
taking care of him /her

GOALS AND EXPECTATIONS OF CLIENTS

Each client has individual needs and desires to be meet

Cosmetologist are expected to show

1.to show good experience ensure you have the right knowledge and skills in what you are doing

2.to be given solutions to their problems make sure you solve their issues be sure on what you say
and avoid lies

3. trust-deliver your clients promise (never over promise or under deliver)

4. they want to know what to expect on each treatment or service explain what pertains every
service

5. they want to be valued and respected, avoid disrespect, follow appointments fair and treat clients
equally.

How to fulfill client need

a. Ensure that your clients are served perfect with quality products and services which will
result to beyond their expectations
b. Surprise them by giving the offers, services or refreshments
c. Always deliver more than what they expect, deliver the service willingly to make the client
satisfied
d. Be respectful and time conscious at all time keep time prepare in advance
e. Let them know you have caring heart, friendly and caring hands
f. Maintain high standards of hygiene, salon well ventilated and work in professional manner
g. Be trustworthy and sincere avoid overcharging and treat them equally.

How to gain and build loyal clients

1 good professional manner and approach

2. understand what they want

3. demonstrate honest and good communication

4. ask what they need and what they want

5. find out their problems

6. be their resources and solution

7. excellent beauty skills

8. educate them on products and technical knowledge

9. good hygiene scientific study of health living

10. fair policy in dealing with clients complain

11. create a good first impression to your clients

Professional manner and approach

A always remember the first impression counts—how you look and behave can either attracts or
loose the clients,this is through the following factors:

 Personal appearance
 Personal hygiene
 Attitude towards clients and colleagues
 The way you relate with others

Good conducts for a professional beautician(qualities)

 Works in professional and proficiency manner

 Be respectful and loyal to clients, colleagues and employers
 Never chew, smoke, eat or drink when working with clients and colleagues in the salon
 Avoid being aggressive- poor body language can send wrong messages to clients
 Make sure you give clients individual attention
 Avoid gossip or carry conversations while working with the clients unless if a substantial
conversation comes through.
 Avoid favourism
 Observe safety guidelines while working on a client

NB points to remember

 Ensure the salon is clean and tidy

 Empty dustbins
 Create a workable environment
 Use clean towels to avoid infections
 Attend clients immediately on arrival
 Offer refreshments when needed
 Be aware of services and prices offered in a salon.

Ways of providing successful customers in a beauty salon

 Creating perfect experience cool music and good hygiene

 Good time management control and accommodate all appointment
 Trained staff well trained and good continuous professional development
 Attention to details challenges as they come and be flexible
How to minimize clients complains

 Make a thorough consultation and analysis

 Have exact requirements before commencing during and after service
 Check whether the client is comfortable during and after service
 Make sure that there is efficient clients booking to avoid double booking
 Don’t take clients complains negatively or personally

How to take clients complain positively

 When a client first makes a complain take a step back, remain impressive and avoid
emotional response since it can irritate the client
 Give your client full attention and listen carefully, be interested and avoid arguments
 Don’t jump into conclusion, remember the clients are different and unique
 Try to understand and put yourself in clients’ shoes. (Empathy and sympathy)
 Always use your initiative when dealing with complains deal with the clients away from
other clients

Dealing with customer complain

Always be polite and listen to the clients complains. This can be during and after the service

If client wishes to make a complain

 Take her in a quiet area or a room i.e in an office

 Listen carefully to the complain
 Take immediate action and correct the mistake where possible
 Do not be aggressive or rude while dealing with complains
 Do not allow complains to go un noticed
 Try to remain calm when dealing with complain and avoid confrontations
 Keep comprehensive record of all clients containing initial problems and solutions
 Every staff members should be informed to avoid similar incidences
 Give employees authority to deal with complain to avoid waiting for the manager

Topics never to be discussed in a salon

 Politics
 Religion
 Family affairs
 Relationship
 Other client’s behavior
 Your financial status
 Back biting your clients and colleagues
 Health problems

Topics to be discussed in the salon

 New products
 New service
 New technologies
 Literature
 Education
 Civil affairs
 After care and advice
 Technical knowledge
 Art, music and culture
 Clients /patron interest

Retailing on your salon

 Selling yourself and services you offer

 Take full advantage of clients in the salon
 Educate your client on the services and products in the market

END
 MANICURE/HAND CARE

Manicure---comes from a Latin word

Manus-hand

Cura----care

Manicure---it is a special care given to hands, fingers and nails

Reasons /benefits /importance of manicure

 To make skin soft through scrubbing to remove the dead skin

 Soften the nails through buffing and use of cuticle gel
 Improves the appearance of cuticle through cuticle work
 Improves blood circulation through massage and scrubbing
 Helps relax, relieve muscles through massage
 Smoothening the nails by buffing
 Helps in shaping and filling
 For beauty purpose polishing and decoration
 Hardens the nails by use of nails hardener

History /background information on manicure

 Manicures a cosmetic beauty treatment for the finger, hands prepared at home or a nail
salon.it means system for hand care, which include skin and nail, medical treatments and
procedure printing technique even fake nails application
 Manicure began 5000 years ago in India women used henna in place of polish in manicure
 4000 years ago, the people of southern Babylonian to solid gold tools to achieve gorgeous
nails exacta ting whole process of manicure
 In China 3000BC nail polish was developed of contemporary manicure
 In the past before then, China and ancient Egypt has not of possibilities of contemporary
manicure, they only were top of their nails in bright tones, while the present was parlor and
more natural tones, after development it was used to show social studies well as the length
of the persons
 600yrs ago in China some of the wealthy people preferred tip paint made it out of wax, egg
white gelatin and rubber. During the queen dynasty women of the painted nails in the black
or bright red tone and later on wore nails shaped fingers tips from precious metal in order to
highlight the length of the nails which was a symbol of their social status
 The French manicure made its appearance around the 18th century in Paris
 Its signature white tips and natural pink base quickly found terms with women in 1920s and
1930s.
 In the beginning of 19th century, the fashion in America was for short amount shape and
nails
 Women discovered them in romantic nails and polished them with a soft cloth
 Manicure was done using metal instruments scissors and various acids
 In 1930s manicure tools eventually enveloped by a doctor need sits. He was the first to use
an orange he first in the nails of his patients
 The niece invaded a whole nail care system
 The system was cheap and spread all around the U.S.A where every woman regardless of
social state or income could use it to care for her nails
 Acrylics point was accidentally discovered by another doctor
 20th century come introduction of acrylics manicure. industry developed new paints which
was adopted to nails
 Pink nail polish come out on the market in 1925 then the fashionable lunar manicure is done
when a strip of pink nail polish is drawn in the Centre of the nails which the rest of it is left
free and uncovered
 In 1980s the lunar manicure now accepted red tones the fashions sheeted towards and
rounds completely in red
 Later with the discovery of nail polish removes the industry grew faster than ever
 Brother joseph and Charles Revson founded the Revlon company which produced nail
polish- based on pigments not paints
 This created the possibility of different shades of color the max factor company offered
smooth nail polish in the color of turquoise pushing the boundaries of dominating red tones
and bringing manicure in to whole new era
 In 1937 in America a patient was given a product which strengthens the nails
 In 1950s manicure branch being the strength cosmetics industry basic manicure began
publicity taught beauticians and hairdressers
 1n 1970s was acrylic period of manicure. The profession a specialized who can paint and
pierce nails.
 Today manicure has reached the reveal of art and inspiration of lips every successful woman
life
 Manicure process involves filling and shaping of free edge treatments, massage of
application of polish
 Also include painting of pictures or designs on nails or application of small invitation of
jewels
 Other nails treatments may include:
 Application of artificial gel
 Application of tips and acrylics
 Some of which are known as French manicure
 As time went on professionals in the beauty industry began to modify and perfect the
manicure in order to provide their customers with the best results and treatments.
 For many years the paraffin treatments have also been used in manicure to receive
conditions that tend to the hands such as muscles, spots, information and light massaging
moisturizing lotion into the method wax
 After the paraffin has been allowed to cool for a few minutes paraffin wax pill have
penetrated deeply into the hands, leaving you with soft hands

SUMMARY OF THE HISTORY

 5000Bc-in India-women used henna to decorate their nails

 4000Bc-in southern Babylonia-used a solid gold tool
 3000Bc- China-nail polish was developed

1920s

 19th century-America – covered them in a romantic nail

  1930s -manicure tools was enveloped
 20th century—acrylic manicure was introduced
 1925-pink nail polish came out
 1980s –lunar manicure accepted red tones
 1931—America patient was given products which strengthen the nails
 1050s –basic manicure began publicity taught by beauty and hair dressers
 1070s—continue…….

CONTRA-INDICATION TO MANICURE

Contra indication—problems /circumstances/conditions/anything that prevents/stops the service.

 Broken/open skin injury i.e., burn-it is very painful. Allergic to the products
 Dislocation of joints
 Nail disorders
 Infection skin disease
 Boils
 Diabetic clients
 High blood pressure
 Ring worm of the hands
 Dislocation of the joint wound and boil
 Cuts, wound and abrasions
 Hypersensitive client
 Excessive swelling and inflammation
 Ticklish feeling
 Recent fractures

Contra action---problems that may occur in between the service/may occur after the service

REQUIREMENTS IN MANICURE (EQUIPMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, MATERIALS)

 Trolly—to hold the cosmetics to be used

 Finger bowl—hold warm water during service
 Electric kettle-to heat water
 Client’s chair- used by the clients during the service
 Nail file-shaping nails short
 Cuticle nipper-removes hanging dry/excessive cuticles
 Nail clipper-help trim, resize the nails
 Cotton wool-wipe oil, polish and spreading products
 Curette-push back cuticles, removes dirt under the free edge, shelp in removal of fake nails
 Spatula—scoop products from containers
 Orange stick/wooden stick—remove dirt under free edge and removes excess polish
 Buffer-smoothening the nail plate
 Nail bleachers—contains hydrogen peroxides/dilate organic acids that removes the stains
 Nail cleanser---inform of soap to clean the nails
 Glass containers—for accessories and cosmetics
 Cuticle pusher—pushing back of cuticles before cutting
 Towels-wipe and protect the client from dust and wetness
 Scissors—cutting and resizing materials
  Emery board—used as a buffer
 Tissue paper—protect the client from getting wet/oily
 Cuticle cream/oil/gel—softening the cuticles
 Cuticle oil—facilitates massage movements
 Cuticle trimmer/cutter/knife—trimming cuticles {remove/cut off}
 Base coat—protect the nail from staining, foundation during nail polishing used to even the
nail plate.
 Polishes—color the nail plate
 Nail hardener—applied to strengthen weak nails or fragile nails
 Top coat—give shine/glossy effect on the nail plate/covers the polish
 Hard cream—moisturizes/ soften the skin
 Nail polish remover--- wipe out/sock off polish. Remove old polish
 Nail art polishes—decorate the entire nail plate
 Scrub-remove dead skin
 Antiseptic—control speed of bacteria/germs
 Nail cutter/nail clipper—resize/shortens the nail
 Cushions—give the client comfort while carrying out the services
 Manicure table—used in station set up /hold cosmetics in use during manicure
 Massage oil—help prevent friction during massage movements
 Dust bin—hold waste materials
 Rasp—a coarse file used to shape nails

products Implements/tools equipment’s Materials

Scrub Nail cutter Water heater Towel

Massage oil Nail file Finger bowl Cushion

Hand cream Cuticle pusher Glass container Cotton wool

Base coat Scissors Trolley Tissue paper

Polishes Cuticle nipper Electric heater

Cuticle cream/gel Emery board Manicure table

Nail polish Orange stick Dust bin

Top coat Spatula

Nail hardener Cuticle trimmer/cutter

Ridge filler Buffer

Cuticle gel Nail brush

Nail bleaches
TYPES OF MANICURE

1. Hot/warm oil—where the vegetable oil is used after being warmed up to soften dry nail or
cuticles e.g., almond. Smoothen brittle nails, olive/pure vegetable oil.
2. Male/men’s manicure—manicure done to men clients
All the process is involved except polishing of colored enamels polishes: use hand creams
and clear polishes, avoid scented products
3. booth manicure- manicure alone when a client is receiving other services e.g., hair services
4. electric manicure—situation where a portable electric with a motor and is attachments is
used to trim, file the nails, buff the nail
5. basic/plain manicure—follow all the steps but don’t apply any polish
6. table manicure—normal manicure but station is on table with a lamp
7. deluxe/ delos—normal manicure and creative nails art.do more research on
8. gel manicure
9. acrylic manicure
10. reverse French manicure
11. paraffin wax manicure
12. American manicure
13. Mirror manicure
14. Shellac manicure
15. Viny lux manicure

NAIL FILLING

Filling—it is the process of smoothening the free edge using a nail file

REASONS FOR NAIL FILLING

 Give required shape

 Avoid splitting of nail
 Shape the split edge

POINTS TO CONSIDER WHEN DECIDING ON A NAIL SHAPE

 Clients opinion
 Length o the nail
 State of the cuticles
 Clients profession-types of the clients does

NAIL SHAPES

NB RESEARCH ON DIFFERENT NAIL SHAPES

CUTICLE WORK
  Cuticle—its an extension of the epidermis, around the base of the nail
 Cuticle work is done by applying cuticle cream/gel/oil that soften and nourishes allowing
pushing back of cuticles
 Cuticle cream made of wax e.g., beef wax, coca, buffer, white soft paraffin
 Sterilizers—slowing down the rate of bacterial growth and development by use of antiseptic
 Warm water—is used to soften the skin and cuticles, for clients, comfort, easier removal of
cuticles, loosens dirt and stimulates nerves, takes 10-15 minutes
 Cuticle pusher—push back cuticle
 Cuticle cutter/knife—trim/cut the nails
 Cuticle nipper—remove ingrown nail, hang nails and split cuticles
 Curette-remove dirt under free edge before buffing

NB sanitize tools before using to avoid spreading infections

REASONS /PURPOSE OF CUTICLE CREAM/GEL/OIL

 Softens the cuticle

 Avoid friction of nails
 Assist in pushing back of cuticle using pusher
 Easier removal of existing enamel
 When cutting cuticles special care should be done to avoid cross infection that may occur on
the nails
NB cuticle oil can be used instead of cuticle cream in case of dry lifted cuticle
NAIL BUFFING—it is a process of smoothening the nail plate using a buffer
REASONS FOR BUFFING
 Smoothening the nail plate
 Shinning effect on the nail plate
 Removes ridges and furrows

NB- Incase a client has a weak and fragile nail, buffing paste which will avoid excessive friction

SCRUBBING/EXFOLIATE/DESQUAMATIONS

It is the process in which dead skin cells are removal by use of product known as scrub

REASONS FOR SCRUBBING

 It evens out skin tone

 It makes skin soft and smooth
 Helps in blood circulation as well as remove cells

CATEGORIES OF SCRUB

 Long/ rough grains [ spa salt-pedicure]

 Medium grains[manicure]
 Fine grain[facial]

NB: Depending on how soft the skin is the right choice of scrub to be chosen and used

 Rinsing I supposed to be done wisely to avoid leaving particles on the skin

 Avoid over scrubbing
 Brush the nails while rinsing with warm water then towel dry
HAND MASSAGE

Massage – is the external manipulation of soft body tissues done by use of hands/ machines by
applying pressure on pressured point

REASONS FOR HAND MASSAGE

 Moisturizing the skin by use of massage oil

 Relaxing the muscles through massage movements
 Removal of dead skin cells by thorough friction
 Stimulation of nervous systems i.e., feeling of wellbeing
 Relieving pain and fatigue
 Increase blood circulation

PURPOSE OF MSSAGE OIL/LOTION/CREAM

 It moisturizes the skin

 It softens the skin
 It reduces friction
 Facilitates massage movements to prevents friction

NAIL POLISHING /ENAMELLING –the process of adding color to the nail’s plates

Polish-it’s a cosmetic product used to change the color of the nail or cover stained nail

REASON FOR ENAMEL/POLISHES

1. Base coat—protect the nail from straining, smoothens minor irregularities, gives foundation
for colored polish, prevent peeling of enamel
2. Cream enamel—it colors the nail, finishing enamel, and applied in two layers
3. Top coat- add sheen, prevent peeling of enamel
4. Nail art polish ---help decorate the nail and best in art
5. Crystalline/glittered polish--- add glossy decoration on the nail

PEELING AND CHEEPING OF NAIL POLISH

CAUSES OF CHEEPING

I. Lack of base coat during enameling

II. Enamel was too thick/not thick enough
III. Nail plate was oily during application
IV. Flaking nail plate
V. Enamel dried through artificial means

CAUSES OF PEELING

I. Failure to apply top coat

II. Oily plate during application
III. Expired polishes
IV. Enamel being too thick

CONTRA ACTION OF NAIL POLISHING

 I. Development of allergy to oil
II. Allergy to nail enamel
III. Increased perspiration
IV. Formation of blisters
V. Irritation

STYLES OF NAIL POLISH A PPLICATION

I. Traditional – use o only one color

II. French application – lighten or brighten the free edge of the nail
III. Free lunula application, half-moon application
IV. Application to give the appearance of the long nails
V. Deluxe/delos—creativity, develop an image

AFTER CARE AND ADVICE

 Wear gloves when doing manual work, gardening to avoid peeling/cheeping

 Use/apply hand cream to soften and moisturize skin/hands
 Don’t use nails as tools to avoid breakage
 Avoid nail biting to maintain the shape [onychophagy
 Cuticles shouldn’t be picked rather they should be trimmed
 Use oily based polishes to avoid dryness and peeling of the nail polish
 Use nail polish removers wisely to avoid dryness of nails
 Avoid metallic object since it may cause infection
 Take enough water 6-8 glasses to avoid dehydration
 Avoid harsh products and soap on the nail to avoid weakening of the nail
 Avoid overstaying with nail polish to avoid discoloration
 Do a lot of exercise to break the fatty congestion
 Sleep 6-8 hours daily to relax the body and offset fatigue
NB water consumption should be 0.03*weight
e.g., 0.03*60kgs=1.8 liters

END OF MANICURE