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Reviewer 1

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REVIEWER

CRUISE TOURISM

1.1 Introduction to the Cruise Industry

 A CRUISE is a vacation onboard a ship. It is a leisure trip


undertaken to both enjoy the facilities and amenities of the ship and
visit interesting destinations at the same time.

 It is a “vacation trip by ship”, it is not limited to sea voyage, but


it also involves river and lake voyages. (Mancini 2011)

 Cruise ships were used to be likened to “floating resorts” or


“floating hotels”; some mega ships are like “floating cities”.

CRUISE TOURISM – involves a luxurious form of travelling onboard


a cruise ship with specific prearranged itinerary cruise ship calls at
several ports before coming back to its home port.

1.2 History of Cruising:

-The Ancient Times


-The shift from Cargo to People
-From Crossing to Cruising

History of Cruising (various sources)

1801 – 1st practical steam-driven vessel was the tug Charlotte Dundas
1818- ship that became the 1st to cross the Atlantic from NY to Liverpool
was Savannah of Black Ball Line. It carried 8 customers on a journey that
took 28 days.
1837 – Peninsular Steam Navigation Company was founded, which later
became the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company, now P&O
Cruises.
1840- Sam Cunard established the first transatlantic steamship.
1843- 1st iron-hulled, propeller-driven customer vessel, the great Britain was
launched.
1844- 1st pleasure cruiser occurred. P&O’s SS Iberia cruised from London to
Vigo, Lisbon, Malta. Istanbul, and Alexandra.
1858- Customers paid to join the Ceylon, A P&O vessel, for what was
considered the first cruise.
1880 – Britannia, a Cunard Line ship, embarked on a 14-day trans- Atlantic
voyage from Liverpool, with a cow onboard.
1884- Peninsular Steam Navigation Company (now P&O Cruises) became the
1st dedicated leisure cruise line, transporting passengers purely for pleasure.

1910 – White Star introduced the Olympic


1911- White Star introduced the Titanic, which sank after colliding with an
iceberg on April 12, 1912
1912 – Cunard introduced the Laconia and Franconia as custom-built cruise
and line voyagers.
1920-33 - During prohibition in the USA, “Booze cruises” from US ports
allowed customers to drink and gamble while visiting ports such as Cuba,
Bermuda, and the Bahamas.
1922 – Cunard’s Laconia sailed on a world cruise. Customers were divided in
three-class accommodation.
1929 – P&O’s Viceroy of India was introduced. It was the most expensive
ship of its time which featured the first use of turbo-electric power and first
onboard swimming pool. It was dual purpose: liner (UK-India), and luxury
cruiser.
1934 – The luxury liner RMS Queen Mary was launched. It had 1,174 officers
and crew and 2000 customers.
1934 – United States Liner built the SS America, an oil-fired liner cable to
speeds up to 25 knots.
1938- SS Normandie undertook a 21-day cruise: NY-Rio de Janeiro – NY. Cost
per customer was $395 to $8600
1939 – WWII was declared. Cruise ships such as Queen May and Queen
Elizabeth were converted as troop carriers.
1958 – Boeing 707’s first and regular commercial jet services across the
Atlantic on NY –London routes. It led to the downturn of business for many
cruise companies and passenger ships were sold.
1966- Cruise industry recovered mainly centered on the UK.
1970s – New cruise companies were established. These companies worked
closely with airlines to develop combined products-fly-cruise. The TV series
“Love Boat” aired in 1977 to 1986 which starred Princess Cruises Pacific
Princess.
1984 – Carnival Cruises first TV commercial.
1986 – Windstar, a vessel with computerized sails, was introduced.
1990’s – Globalization and consolidation led to mergers and acquisitions.

2000s – segmentation and lifestyle cruising.


2003- Cunard’s Queen Mary 2 was launched. Carnival Corporation became
the largest cruise operator when they merge with P&O Princess Cruises.
2006 – Norwegian Cruise Line NCL introduced and launched the freestyle
concept of cruising.
2009- Royal Caribbean’s Oasis of the Seas, was launched world’s largest
cruise ship at that time.
2010 - Royal Caribbean’s Allure of the Seas , was launched, world’s largest
cruise ship at this time.
2011 –Carnival Corporation announced its 100th ship, Carnival Magic.
2016 – Royal Caribbean International launched world largest cruise ship
Harmony of the Seas.
2017 – Princess Cruises and NCL are devoting their new vessels to the
Chinese market. Manila, Philippines became a cruise homeport of Star
Cruises’ Superstar Virgo.
2018- Royal Caribbean International’s Oasis-class ship Symphony of the
Seas first sailed the high seas in April. Pre opening sailing was 31st March.
She is the largest ship to date with 2759 staterooms, carries 6,680 guests
and 2, 200 crew.

1.3 Cruise Industry Trends

The Cruise Line International Association is the world’s largest trade


industry association that provides a unified voice and leading authority of the
global cruise community, supports policies and practices that foster a safe,
secure, healthy and sustainable cruise ship environment for more than 24 million
passengers who cruise annually. North America and Europe are the leading
cruise markets; however, the Asian, Pacific, and Latin American markets have
great potential for emerging markets.

In the Philippines, the Department of Tourism (DOT) and CLIA both commit
to cooperate in developing the Philippine cruise industry by developing cruise
ports, itinerary, and guest experience. The Philippines’ proximity to major Asian
cruise markets like China, Japan and Hong Kong is the country’s competitive and
comparative advantage in the Asia-Pacific region

1.4 Cruising Today and Beyond

1. Cruisers have become very much fascinated with “instagrammable”


photos.
2. Cruisers seek total restoration.
3. A shift from experience travel to achievement travel.
4. Cruisers are technology savy.
5. Travelers are mindful of the environment.
6. Access is the new luxury
7. Generation Z takes the lead at sea.
8. Off-peak Escapades.
9. Work and leisure combo.
10.Women power.
11.GO SOLO.

Few Important years and events in the History of


Cruising

Charlotte Dundas is regarded as the world's second successful steamboat,


the first towing steamboat and the boat that demonstrated the practicality of
steam power for ships.

The Black Ball Line (originally known as the Wright, Thompson,


Marshall, & Thompson Line, then as the Old Line) was a passenger line
founded by a group of New York Quaker merchants headed by Jeremiah
Thompson, and included Isaac Wright & Son (William), Francis Thompson and
Benjamin Marshall. All were Quakers except Marshall.

Both Olympic and Titanic registered Liverpool as their home port. The
offices of the White Star Line, as well as Cunard, were in Liverpool, and up
until the introduction of the Olympic, most British ocean liners for both
Cunard and White Star, such as Lusitania and Mauretania, sailed from
Liverpool followed by a port of call in Queenstown, Ireland.

RMS Titanic pictured in Cobh Harbour, April 11, 1912.


Titanic at the docks of Southampton, prior to the departure.

Royal Caribbean International – (to introduce some of their first cruise


ships)
Royal Caribbean's first ship, ( Song of Norway )
Symphony of the Seas Oasis of the Seas entering the port
at Nassau, Bahamas in January 2010.

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