CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT Construction equipment can be broadly} classified into the following groups :- © Earth moving equipment © Hauling equipment © Hoisting equipment ~ Conveying equipment _ Aggregate and concrete production equipment _ Tunnelling and rock drilling equipmeny © Earth moving equipment () There are two types of earth moving equipment. (ii) They are excavating equipment and excavating and earth moving equipment. ra The basic operations are excavating, digging of large quantities of earth, moving them to distances which are sometimes fairly long, placement, compacting, levelling, dozing, grading, hauling inHoisting equipment Hoisting is the operation of lifting a weight from one location and moving it to another location which is at a reasonable distance and then dumping it. © Hauling equipment (i) Hauling is defined as the movement of material from one place to another. (ii) The equipment used for transportation of material are known as hauling equipment or haulers. ® Conveying equipment » Conveying is a process of transporting material from one place to another over a stationary ES (aves tlc} » Hence conveying equipment are those which carry material in a continuous stream with its distinct feature such as endless chain or belt. ~ Conveying can be done horizontally, vertically or inclined. When it is done horizontally then it is termed as conveyor and when itis done inclined if is termed as elevator.Aggregate and concrete production equipment Concrete is the basic requirement for any construction. Concrete needs cement, sand and aggregate. Cement is manufactured in the factory and is available in aaa Sand is obtained from the river bank or other natural sources. However, aggregate has to be produced at the site, if the| quantity is needed very large. Therefore, in any project where concrete requirement is very high, an aggregate preparation and processing plant is essential to complete the concreting operations. POWER SHOVEL » Itis the basic equipment employed to excavate the earth and to load the trucks. Power shovels are capable of excavating all types of earth except hard rocks. It may be crawler mounted or wheel mounted. » Crawler mounted have low speeds but very effective in unstable soils. On the other hand, wheel mounted shovels have higher speeds and are effective only on firm ground . The size of the bucket or dipper denotes the size of the power shovel. The size of power shovel varies from 0.375 VBL ORM eI i) The basic parts of a power shovel are track system, cabin, cables, rack, stick, boom foot-pin, saddle block, boom, boom point sheaves and bucket.piggies Door eid: Dipper ShovelOperation Zi Back hoe © The operation is similar to the power shovel. © Except the digging action results from the drag or pull of the bucket towards the machine. © The machine is placed in operation by setting the boom at the desired angle. © Then the hoist cable is pulled in, and the drag cable is released, thus moving the dipper to the required position. _ The free end of the boom is lowered by releasing the tension in the hoist cable until the dipper teeth bites into the earth.Hoist our Dragine bucket The machine is so named due to the resemblance of its bucket to a clam which is like a shell-fish with a hinged double shell. The basic parts are the closing line, hoist line sheaves, brackets, tag line, shell and hinge. The clamshell bucket is brought over the location SV Ie ta Mua eN HACC CooL -Me Ue The bucket is lowered with the shells open till a good contact is made with the ground. Now the bucket shells are closed in through the closing line. Itis then hoisted and swung to the position of dumping and the material is dumped.Seniesa It is a unique machine for digging and long distance hauling of plough able materials. It is a self operating machine which digs and picks} up its own load through scrapping the ground, hauls it over the required distance, discharging. spreading the material and then returning back to pit for the next load. ~ Hence itis not dependent on other equipment. _ The capacity of a scraper may be specified as the heaped capacity of the bowl expressed in cubic meters.NOISIEWEINODDump trucks:- a) Side or rear dump trucks:- ~ These are heavy duty trucks with a strongly built body which is hinged on the truck chasis at the rear end and one side respectively and can be fitted to the rear in the case of rear dump and to be hinged side in case of the side dump, through the action of hydraulic jack. _ These trucks are suitable for use in hauling wet clay, sand, gravel, quarry rocks etc..Dumpers are high speed pneumatic wheeled trucks with short chasis and strong bodies. The loading, hauling and dumping is done very fast compared to other equipment by using the dumpers and are suitable for short hauls on rout roads.2) Sheep foot rollers There 3 types of sheep foot rollers. They are., 1) Ordinary sheep foot roller 2) Convertible roller 3) Turn foot roller ~ For compacting earth work in embankments and canals where compaction deep into the layer of earth is required, these types of rollers are used. _ The roller consists of a hollow steel drum, and have projected feet or projections mounted onthe surface which are arranged around the wheel at 100 to 200 mm c/c along the axis.The sheep foot rollers may weigh upto 15 tonnes or more_and travel upto a speed of 25 kmph. As the roller moves over the surface, the feet penetrate the soil to produce a kneading action and a pressure mix and compact the soil from bottom to top layer. In the convertible rollers, there is a plain drum to which curved plates having welded sheep foot are attached. In case of turn foot rollers, the shape of the individual sheep foot can be changed, thus re on the soil.3) Pneumatic tyred rollers:- © Acommon type of pneumatic tyred roller consists of a base or platform mounted between two axles, the rear of which has one ore more wheel than the front. © The tyres are so arranged that the tracks of the forward wheels lie in between the tracks of the backward wheels. ~ These are most suitable for compacting fine grained soil and well graded sands.1) Belt Conveyors ® This is used when large quantities of material have to be conveyed over long distances at fast speed. » The simplest form of conveyor belt consists of a belt running over a pair of end drums or pulleys and supported at regular intervals by a series of rollers called idlers. It can handle light as well as heavy-materials, dry Ce) UV em a= me) a erek- Last = i=) (ome It can carry material horizontally or inclined.This type of conveyor is widely used for handling granular or pulverised material. The quantity of material conveyed is less compared to belt conveyor, but, at the same time, the cost is also less. Ascrew conveyor consists of a helix mounted on a bearing at the ends and at intermediate points and is driven by a motor from one end. The material enters the trough at one end and is carried to the other end by screwing action of helix. The length of the conveyor is about 65 m. with an inclination upto a maximum oe Sle(ero Tesi tte CTC ercd iL LRT Stainless Steck Auger eee Croce ett