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Language, Culture, AND Society

Language Culture and Society (Pangasinan State University)

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Republic of the Philippines

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY
LINGAYEN CAMPUS
2ND Semester 2020-2021
FINAL EXAMINATION
EL 101 – LANGUAGE, CULTURE, AND SOCIETY

General Directions: Read the statements carefully. Identify what is being asked in each question. For multiple type
of test item, select the letter of the BEST answer by ticking on the circle of your choice. For essays, be guided with
the rubric.

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. What is literacy event?

a. Reading in public
b. The public presentation of literary materials
c. Occasions in which written language is integral to the nature of participant’s interactions

2. What is a literacy practice?

a. The general cultural ways of utilizing written language
b. Practicing how to read for an occasion
c. Practicing how write in general

3. What is the autonomous model of literacy?

a. Proposes the autonomy of writing from reading
b. Proposes that the advent of literacy in a society will cause the same effect, no matter which
society is being studied
c. Proposes the autonomy of the linguistic sign

4. Dialects are?
a. Mutually intelligible variations of a single linguistic code
b. Mutually exclusive variations of a single linguistic code
c. Special language forms

5. Languages are?
a. Mutually unintelligible linguistic codes
b. Different human cognitive/communicative capacities
c. Different forms of identity

6. What is a registrar?
a. A special code
b. A linguistic variety associated with a particular social practice
c. A linguistic repertoire

7. How many languages are there in the world?

a. 3000-400
b. 1500-2000
c. 6000-7000

8. How many of the world’s languages are projected to die in the next century?
a. 90%
b. 10%
c. 50%

9. How many languages are spoken in Papua New Guinea?

a. 15
b. 35
c. 860

10. What is an endangered language?

a. Languages that are still learned by children but will stop being learned in the next century

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b. Languages that have ceased to be learned but still have native speakers alive
c. Languages that are no longer spoken by anyone

11. What is a moribund language?

a. Languages that are still learned by children but will stop being learned in the next century
b. Languages that have ceased to be learned but still have native speakers alive
c. Languages that are no longer spoken by anyone

12. What percentage of US Native American Languages is moribund?

a. 80%
b. 20%
c. 90%

13. What of the following are consequences of language loss?

a. Erosion of human knowledge base, loss of cultural heritage, failure to understand human
cognitive capacities
b. Loss of human cognitive capacities, loss of economic benefits, loss of biodiversity
c. Loss of racial differentiation, loss of national autonomy, loss of political advantages

14. According to David Crystal, why should we care about language loss?
a. Because we need diversity, language expresses identity, languages are repositories of history
and knowledge, and languages are interesting in themselves
b. Because languages keep ethnic groups separated
c. Because languages are important as economic resources

15. Why do languages die?

a. Because they are weaker than other languages
b. Because of global warming
c. Because its speakers stop transmitting the language to children, or then all die.

16. Can endangered languages be saved?

a. Yes, but only if they are the language of the powerful
b. Yes, but only if there is enough political will
c. No

17. What is a speech community?

a. All the speaker of the same language
b. A human aggregate characterized by regular and frequent attraction by means of a shared body
of verbal signs
c. People leaving in the same geographical or physical space.

18. What is community of practice?

a. An aggregate of people who come together around mutual engagement in an endeavor
b. An aggregate of people who meet occasionally to practice their linguistic skills
c. An aggregate of people who come together to teach each other

19. How do we identify a speech community?

a. Its members have frequent interaction, share a verbal repertoire, and share social norms.
b. By it size
c. By the race of its member

20. What is the ideal speaker listener?

a. Actual speaker-listeners of a language
b. An individual who is specifically gifted in listening and speaking
c. An abstract ideal individual who knows all the rules and, application of the rules, of a given
language but do not exist in reality

21. What is a verbal repertoire?

a. The range of speech varieties available to members of a speech community
b. The different ways in which an ideal speaker-listener speaks
c. Speech varieties used during theatrical performances

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22. What is a nested speech community?

a. Speech communities embedded in each other
b. Speech communities with defined border
c. Speech communities that do not communicate with each other

23. What is a speech area?

a. A geographical area in which speakers share rules for speech although their verbal repertoires
may not
overlap
b. A geographical area in which people will speak the same language
c. A geographical area in which only two languages can coexist

24. What is a speech network?

a. A network based on geographical location
b. A network of speakers characterized by the nature of the connections and interactions between
its members
c. A network of exclusive relations between speakers

25. What is a strong tie in the speech network?

a. A network in which their members are politically powerful
b. A network based on a strong communicative infra-structure
c. A personal or socially close tie between members of a speech network

26. What is a multiplex speech network?

a. A network in which individuals connect with another through different media
b. A network in which individuals are connected to each other in multiple capacities
c. A network that depend on multiple channels

27. What is a high-density speech network?

a. A network in which many of the people one person knows also know one another
b. A network in which channels of communication carry a high volume of information
c. A network in which information flows uniformly

28. The following are criteria for identifying a community of practice:

a. Geographical proximity, reliable means of communication, small size
b. High density network, multiple channels of communication, close personal relationships
c. Mutual engagement, joint enterprise, shared repertoire

29. What is code switching?

a. An individual’s switch in communicative skills
b. An individual’s switch of grammatical rules
c. An individual’s use of two or more language varieties

30. What is code mixing?

a. A mix of communication channels
b. A shifting that involves a greater sense of hybridity and inter-mixture between two or more
ways of speaking
c. A confusion of grammatical rules

31. What is diglossia?

a. A situation in which the law mandates all individuals to learn at least two languages
b. A hierarchical situation in which all the individuals of a speech community are bilingual or
multilingual
c. A hierarchical situation in which each language or variety in a multilingual community serves
a specialized function and is used for particular purposes

32. What is heteroglossia?

a. Coexistence in any given social context of multiple ways of speaking
b. Is the coexistence of multiple meaning at the level of the sentence
c. Is the coexistence of multiple meaning at a lexical level

33. What is gender?

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a. The same as sex

b. A culturally constructed normative form of identity as woman or man
c. An individual choice of sexuality

34. The following are characteristics of gender?

a. Evidently related to sex, innate, biologically acquired, something we are born with
b. Individual choice, based on individual needs, connected with sexual practices
c. Learned, collaborative, something that we do, involves asymmetries

35. What is a linguistic spiral effect?

a. As situation in which speakers speak in circle
b. A situation in which each participant up the ante on the opinions of previous speakers
c. A situation in which speakers change their opinions at each conversational turn

36. What is a race?

a. An arbitrary form of classification based on random biological characteristics
b. A form of identity based on obvious biological differences
c. The same as ethnicity

37. The following are features of African American English

a. Ungrammatical, only spoken by poor people, illogical
b. Simplified grammar, unsystematic phonology, a lower variety of english
c. Systematic use of habitual ‘be’, copula deletion, double negatives, reduction of final
consonants, and occasional use of ‘aks’ instead of ask

38. What is copula deletion?

a. The omission of past tense
b. The omission of the conjugated form “to be”
c. The omission of the verb “to have”

39. What is the rule of final consonant reduction in AAE?

a. A stop at the end of the word is omitted if its preceded by a consonant with the same voicing
b. A stop at the end of the word is omitted if its preceded by a consonant with the same point of
articulation
c. A stop at the end of the word is omitted if its preceded by a vowel

40. According to Chomsky what is the difference between competence and performance?
a. Competence is acquired tacit linguistic knowledge and performance is the actual use of
linguistic knowledge
b. Competence is the actual use of linguistic knowledge and performance the acquired tacit
knowledge of a language
c. Competence refers to language evaluations and performance refers to poetic use of language

41. What is performativity?

a. The linguistic capacity to produce an effect on the world
b. The use of language on stage
c. The use of correct language

42. How does Dell Hymes define the relationship between competence and performance?
a. He proposed that performance is more important than competence
b. He proposed that competence is more important that performance
c. He proposed that competence and performance are equally important and we should study
communicative competence

43. What is speech act theory?

a. A theory that describes speech patterns
b. The study of theatrical speech
c. The theory that classifies and explains performative acts

44. What is locution?

a. The stating of something

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b. The effect of an utterance of the hearer regardless of its intention

c. The intentional effect of an utterance on a person or state of affairs

45. What is illocution?

a. The stating of something
b. The effect of an utterance of the hearer regardless of its intention
c. The intentional effect of an utterance on a person or state of affairs

46. What is perlocution?

a. The stating of something
b. The effect of an utterance of the hearer regardless of its intention
c. The intentional effect of an utterance on a person or state of affairs

47. What is illocution?

a. The stating of something
b. The effect of an utterance of the hearer regardless of its intention
c. The intentional effect of an utterance on a person or state of affairs

48. Identify the anthropological critiques to speech act theory.

a. It is illogical, it proposes a false concept of performativity
b. It assumes the university of theory, it is based not based on actually occurring linguistic data,
and it has a soup-in-the-bowl approach to context
c. It has no ground on current philosophy of language

49. How does Bauman define performance?

a. As verbal art consisting in the assumption of responsibility to an audience for a display of
communicative competence
b. As the sum of illocutionary, perlocutionary and locutionary forces
c. As opposed to competence

50. Which of the following are performance keys?

a. Registers and verbal repertoires
b. Illocutionary, perlocutionary, locutionary
c. Special codes, conventional openings and appeal to tradition

I. ESSAY

1. Do all languages use (a) voicing, (b) places of articulation and (c) manners of articulation
in the same way as what we see in English?
It may or may not have voicing or articulation. It’s because we have variety of English
Language. Philippine English is somewhat different to Standard English or British English.
I mean we differ with each other’s accents, but they’re pronunciations that shouldn’t be
overlook because once the pronunciation differ from the original it would create confusion
to the listeners. Also, there are different variations of English Language that should be
followed. As long as the grammatical structure is good and it’s understandable, voicing and
articulation should not be a concern. Hence, this may not be applicable for all social
context because one should be mindful of the context or the setting and should be aware of
what’s ethical and unethical.
2. Explain the following statement: the English word have is both a grammatical and lexical
free morpheme.
Morpheme can be bound or free morpheme. When morphemes in a language cannot stand
on their own and has in need to have a root to have a meaning we refer to it as bound
morpheme. On the other hand, morphemes that doesn’t require a base, a root or a stem in
a language are known to be as free morpheme. Grammatically free morpheme is a
morpheme that still have a grammatical function is known as a free morpheme. Thus, the
word have can act as the main verb in a sentence which means “to own something” and
does not require no other morpheme to complete it because it can have a meaning from
itself. Thus, the word “have” is an unbound or free grammatical morpheme and can also be
a free lexical morpheme.

RUBRICS

5 Points No grammatical error, substantial content with unity and coherence

4 Points Very few grammatical error, significant content with unity and coherence
3 Points Few grammatical error, significant content with unity and coherence
2 Points Several grammatical error, considerable content with unity and coherence
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1 Point Numerous grammatical error, illogical content
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Prepared by:

MOHAMED ARDANIEL C. SWANDI, LPT

Faculty

Validated by:

GRACE G. DE VERA, MAEd

Program Coordinator, BSEd English

AMELITA M. DE VERA, PhD

Department Chair, TESC

Noted by:

CRISTIE MARIE C. DALISAY, PhD

Dean, College of Education

Approved by:

LORNA G. URBIZTONDO, EdD

Campus Executive Director

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