UNIT 4

A.The Human
Movement
PathFit 1
 Learning Objectives
At the end of the discussion:

01 02 03
Students will be able to
Students will be able to Students will be able to
identify and describe
identify and explain the importance
different types of human
demonstrate different of human movement
movement, providing real-
types of human for physical, mental,
life examples for each.
movement. and social well-being.
 What is Human
Movement? Is it important
in Physical Education?
HUMAN MOVEMENT
- is the ability of our bodies to move. It is Any
action that changes our position or involves our
body parts moving. It's a complex interplay of our
muscles, bones, joints, and nervous system.
(Stuart, 2012).
SCIENCES INVOLVED IN
HUMAN MOVEMENT

Kinesiology
Biomechanics
Anatomy
Physiology
Psychology
Graphic Organizer of Human
Anatomy
Movement and other Sciences - identifies, describes
and studies the
structures of the
Kinesiology human body
(Nordqvist, 2017) Physiology
- study of human
- deals with the
movement from the
functions and
point of view of the
activities of the body
physical sciences
(Newman, 2017)
(Hamilton, 2008)

Human
Biomechanics Movement
- studies how muscles, Psychology
bones, tendons, and - Examining the
ligaments work sensations,
together to produce perceptions and
movement (Rogers, motivations that
2018) stimulate movement
 FUNDAMENTAL MOTOR SKILLS
Locomotor Non-locomotor Manipulative
- involve moving the - movements that are movement that
body from one place performed in one involve using your
to another. They place without hands to interact with
require the use of changing location. objects. Entire body is
muscles and bones to They involve moving not moving from one
generate force and parts of the body, but place to another, but
propel the body. not the entire body. rather using your
hands to move,
control, or change the
position of objects.
Factors that Enhance or Limit the Human
Movement
Physical Factors Psychological Factors
This type of factor is This type of factor is
affected by our physical affected by our idea of self-
body, for example our body concept, fear, and/or
composition, health, anxiety.
physical fitness status.
 • Sociological Factors

This type of factor is affected b one's perception of self in a

group context.

• Environmental Factors

This type of factor is affected by one's access to physical

facilities, equipment, weather, and season.
The mechanical principles of movement

Axis
a line about which movent takes place

Types
•Sagital Axis
•Frontal Axis
•Vertical Axis
Sagital Axis
Sagital axis lies parallel to the Sagital suture of the skull. The direction
of the axis is posterior to anterior direction. Movent about these axis is
in frontal plane.

Frontal Axis
Frontal axis is lies transverse to suture of the skull. The direction
of these axis is side to side direction. Movement about this axis
is sagital plane.
Vertical Axis
This axis Les axis to the line of gravity, the direction of this axis is
up to down direction. Movement about this axis is in transverse
plane.
 PLANE
It is the surface which lies the right angle in
the line in which movement takes place.

Types
•Sagital or Anterior posterior or median
plane
•Frontal or Lateral or Coronal plane
•Transverse or horizontal plane
Sagital or Anterior posterior or median plane
It is a vertical plane passing through the body form from front to
back, dividing the body into right and left haves.

Frontal or Lateral or Coronal plane

It is a vertical plane passing through the body from side to side,
dividing the body into anterior & posterior haves.

Tranverse or horizontal plane

It is a plane that passes through horizontally through the body,
dividing the body into upper and lower haves.
 Movements in the body according to Axis & Plane
(Axis vs. Plane)

Movement in the Sagital plane about a frontal axis:

• Flexion
• Extension
• Planter flexion
• Dorsi flexion
Movement in the Frontal plane about a Sagital axis:

• Abduction
• Adduction
• Ulnar deviation
• Redial deviation
• Lateral flexion
Movement in the Horizontal plane about a vertical axis:

• Medial rotation
• Lateral rotation
• Supination
• Pronation
 Speed
The rate at which the body moves & takes no account
of direction.
Types
1. Speed of relaxed passive movement
2. Speed of active movement:
•Natural speed
•Reduced speed
•Increased Speed
Work:
Work is defined as the product of force & the distance through
which the force acts. It is measured as joules or erg.
Energy:
A capacity of a body for doing work
Power:
The role of doing work. It is measured in joules per second. (I/s)
Acceleration:
Acceration is the rate of change of velocity.
Momentum:
The momentum of the body is the quantity of motion. It
possesses, and it is represented by the product of mass and
velocity. The force responsible for the momentum will
generate movement slowly in a relatively heavy body and
more rapidly in a lighter body.

Enertia:
Enertia is the resistance of the body to any change in its state
of rest or motion.