Structural

Mechanics and
Stress Analysis
(6MA016)
Assignment

A J H Erandika (2400138) - Mechatronics Engineering

6MA016 – Structural Mechanics and Stress Analysis

Faculty of Engineering & Technology

Colombo International Nautical Engineering College

01. The column shown in the Figure: Q1 consist with two parts, cylindrical and conical part.
The cylindrical part material’s elastic modulus is 150Gpa and the conical part material’s
elastic modulus is 200Gpa. Calculate the total strain energy stored in the column
structure.

Answer:
The strain energy can be calculated using below equation,
1 𝑃2 𝐿
U=
2 𝐴𝐸
In this column there are two parts one is cylindrical and other one is conical. To calculate
strain energy of that,

𝑈𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑈𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 + 𝑈𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 1

1 𝑃2 𝐿1 1 𝑃2 𝐿2
= × + ×
2 𝐴1 𝐸1 2 𝐴2 𝐸2

Let’s find the strain energy of cylindrical part,

1 𝑃2 𝐿1
𝑈𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 = ×
2 𝐴1 𝐸1
 1 (10×103 )2 ×2
= ×𝜋
2 (10×10−3 )2 ×150×109
4

1 (10×103 )2 ×2
= ×𝜋
2
4
(10×10−3 )2 ×150×109

1 108 ×2×4
= ×
2 𝜋×102 ×10−6 ×150×109
= 8.4882J 2

Let’s find the strain energy of conical part,

1 𝑃2 𝐿2
𝑈𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 = ×
2 𝐴2 𝐸2

1 (10×103 )2 ×1
= ×𝜋
2
4
(10×10−3 )×(20×10−3 )×200×109

1 108 ×1
= ×𝜋
2
4
(10×20×10−6 )×200×109

1 108 ×1×4
= ×
2 𝜋×102 ×2×10−6 ×200×109

= 1.5915 J 3

From 1,

𝑈𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑈𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 + 𝑈𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙

= 8.4882J + 1.5915J
= 10.0797J
02. A long, slender column ABC is pin supported at the ends and compressed by an axial load
P. Lateral support is provided at the midpoint B in the plane of the figure. However, lateral
support perpendicular to the plane of the figure is provided only at the ends. The Colum is
constructed of a standard steel shape having modulus of elasticity E=200GPa and
proportional limit σy=300MPa.The total length of the column is L=8m and I1=3060cm4,
I2=162cm4 and cross sectional area A=39.5cm2. Determine the allowable load Pallowable
using a factor of safety n=2.5 with respect to Eular buckling of the column.

Answer:
𝑥

Given data,
Modulus of elasticity E = 200GP
Length of the column L = 8m
𝑦 Cross sectional area A = 39.5cm2
Moment of inertia I1 = 3060cm4
= 30.6×10−6m4
I2 = 162cm4
= 1.62×10−6m4
Proportional limit σy = 300MPa
Factor of safety n = 2.5
To obtain maximum axial load,
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝜎𝑦 =
𝐴

𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜎𝑦 × 𝐴

= 300× 106 × 39.5 × 10−4

= 118.5× 104 N

= 1185KN

Eular buckling load can be calculated using below equation,

𝜋2 𝐸𝐼
𝑃𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 1
𝐿2

Obtaining Eular buckling load of x axis from 1,

𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼𝑥
𝑃𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 =
𝐿2

𝜋2 ×200×109 ×30.6×10−6
=
82

= 943780.92N

= 943.78KN

Obtaining Eular buckling load of Y axis from 1,

Since there are 2 supports on the Y axis we can use,

4𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼𝑦
𝑃𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 =
𝐿2

4×𝜋2 ×200×109 ×1.62×10−6

=
82

= 199859.48N
 = 199.859KN

Critical load is the smallest critical load.so,

𝑃𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 199.859KN

To find Pallowable,
𝑃𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙
Pallowable = 𝑛

199.859𝐾𝑁
= 2.5

= 79.94KN

≈ 80KN

03. A compound tube has 300 mm and 100 mm external and internal diameters, respectively
as shown in Figure: Q3. It is formed by shrinking one cylinder on to another. Its common
diameter after assembly is 200 mm. The maximum hoop tensile stress induced in the outer
cylinder is 95 MPa. Determine the hoop stresses at the inner and outer diameters of both
cylinders and show by a plot, how these stresses vary with the radius.
Answer:

Data given,
External diameter D =300𝑚𝑚
External radius R = 150𝑚𝑚
Internal diameter D = 100𝑚𝑚
Internal radius r = 50𝑚𝑚
Common radius c = 100𝑚𝑚
Maximum hoop tensile stress 𝜎𝑐 = 95Mpa

Maximum hoop stress at outer diameter,

𝑎2 𝑃𝑖 −𝑏2 𝑃𝑜 (𝑃𝑖 −𝑃𝑜 )𝑎2 𝑏2
𝜎𝑡 = +
𝑏2 −𝑎2 (𝑏2 −𝑎2 )𝑟 2

𝑃𝑐 𝑐 2 𝑅2
𝜌𝑐 = [1 + ]
𝑅 2 −𝑐 2 𝑐2
𝑃𝑐 ×1002 1502
95×106 = [1 + ]
1502 −100 2 1002
𝑃𝑐 ×4 13
95×106 = ( )
5 4
13𝑃𝑐
95×106 =
5

𝑃𝑐 = 36.5384MPa

Hoop stress at outer diameter,

2𝑃𝑐
𝜎𝑂𝐷 = 𝑅2
−1
𝐶2

2×36.53
𝜎𝑂𝐷 = 5
4
= 58.46144MPa

Maximum hoop stress at inner diameter,

𝑎2 𝑃𝑖 −𝑏2 𝑃𝑜 (𝑃𝑖 −𝑃𝑜 )𝑎2 𝑏2
𝜎𝑡 = +
𝑏2 −𝑎2 (𝑏2 −𝑎2 )𝑟 2

−2𝑃𝑐 𝑐 2 𝑟2
𝜎𝑡 (𝑟=𝑟) = [1 + ]
𝑐 2 −𝑟 2 𝑟
 36.53×−1002 ×2 1502
𝜎 = [1 + 1002 ]
1002 −502

𝜎 = -97.413MPa

𝑎2 𝑃𝑖 −𝑏 2 𝑃𝑜 (𝑃𝑖 −𝑃𝑜 )𝑎2 𝑏 2

𝜎𝑟=𝑏 = +
𝑏 2 −𝑎2 (𝑏 2 −𝑎2 )𝑟 2
2
−𝑃𝑐 𝑏 𝑟2
𝜎𝑡 (𝑟=𝑏) = 2 2
[1 + 2]
𝑏 −𝑟 𝑏
106 ×36.538×(−100)2 0.052
𝜎𝑡 (𝑟=𝑏) = [1 + ]
0.12 −0.052 0.12

𝜎𝑡 (𝑟=𝑏) = -60.83MPa
04. A two bar truss is shown in Figure Q5 A force P =100kN is applied to node 1 in the positive
y direction while node 1 settle an amount δ=50mm in the negative x direction. Let
E=210GPa and A=6.00x10-4m2 for each element. The lengths of the elements are shown
in the Figure Q4.
I.Determine the displacement in the y direction of node 1
II.Axial force in each element
III.Stress in each bar.

Answer:
Calculate the element stiffness matrix for element 1,
3
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 5
4
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 5
So that,

𝐸𝐴
𝐶2 𝐶𝑆 −𝐶 2 −𝐶𝑆
ke = 𝐿
[ 𝐶𝑆 𝑆2 −𝐶𝑆 −𝑆 2 ]
−𝐶 2 −𝐶𝑆 𝐶2 𝐶𝑆
−𝐶𝑆 −𝑆 2 𝐶𝑆 𝑆2

0.36 0.48 −0.36 −0.48

6×10−4 ×210×106
ke = [ 0.48 0.64 −0.48 −0.64]
5
−0.36 −0.48 0.36 0.48
−0.48 −0.64 0.48 0.64
 0.36 0.48 −0.36 −0.48
ke = 25200 [ 0.48 0.64 −0.48 −0.64]
−0.36 −0.48 0.36 0.48
−0.48 −0.64 0.48 0.64

Calculate the element stiffness matrix for element 2,

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 0
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 1
So that,

𝐸𝐴
𝐶2 𝐶𝑆 −𝐶 2 −𝐶𝑆
ke = 𝐿
[ 𝐶𝑆 𝑆2 −𝐶𝑆 −𝑆 2 ]
2
−𝐶 −𝐶𝑆 𝐶2 𝐶𝑆
−𝐶𝑆 −𝑆 2 𝐶𝑆 𝑆2

0 0 0 0
6×10−4 ×210×106
ke = [0 1 0 −1]
4
0 0 0 0
0 −1 0 1

0 0 0 0
ke = 25200 [0 1.25 0 −1.25]
0 0 0 0
0 −1.25 0 1.25

Total global F – 𝛿 relation,

𝐹1𝑥 0.36 0.48 −0.36 −0.48 0 0 𝑢1
𝐹
[ 1𝑦 ] = 25200 [ 0.48 1.89 −0.48 −0.64 0 −1.25] [ 𝑣1 ]
𝐹2𝑥 −0.36 −0.48 0.36 0.48 0 0 𝑢2
𝐹2𝑦 −0.48 −0.64 0.48 0.64 0 0 𝑣2
𝐹3𝑥 0 0 0 0 0 0 𝑢3
𝐹3𝑦 0 −1.25 0 0 0 1.25 𝑣3

The boundary conditions are,

U1 = 𝛿
U2 = 0
U3 = 0
V2 = 0
V3 = 0
So that,
P = 25200(0.48 𝛿 + 1.89v1)
The first displacement along y direction is,
P = 25200(0.48 𝛿 + 1.89v1)
1000×103 = 25200× (0.48 𝛿 + 1.89v1)
V1 = 0.0337m

For element 1 determine the axial force

𝑓′ 1 −1 0.6 0.8 0 0 −0.05
[ 1𝑥 ] = 25200 [ ][ ][ ]
𝑓′2𝑥 −1 1 0 0 0.6 0.8 0.0337
0
0
F’1x = -76.6 KN
F’2x = -76.6KN

For element 1 determine the axial force

𝑓′ 1 −1 0 1 0 0 −0.05
[ 1𝑥 ] = 31500 [ ][ ][ ]
𝑓′3𝑥 −1 1 0 0 0 1 0.0337
0
0
F’1x = -1061 KN
F’3x = -1061KN

Compressive stress in element,

𝐸 𝑑1𝑥
𝜎 = 𝐿 [−𝑐 −𝑠 𝑐 𝑠] [ ]
𝑑1𝑦
𝑑2𝑥
𝑑2𝑦
For element one,

210×109 4 −3
] [ −50 × 10−3 ]
3 4 3
𝜎= [5 − 5 − 5
5 5 −40 × 10
0
0

210×109 4 3
𝜎= [5 × (−50 × 10−3 ) − 5 × (−40 × 10−3 ) 0 0]
5
210×109 4 3
𝜎= [5 × (−50 × 10−3 ) − 5 × (−40 × 10−3 )]
5
210×−16×106
𝜎= 5

𝜎 = -0.672GNm-2

For element two,

210×109 −3
𝜎= [1 0 −1 0] [ −50 × 10−3 ]
5 −40 × 10
0
0

210×109
𝜎= [−50 × 10−3 0 0 0]
5
210×−50×10−3 ×109
𝜎= 5

𝜎 = -2.625GNm-2