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Open Journal of Social Sciences (journalarticles.aspx?journalid=2430) > Vol.8 No.10, October 2020 (home.aspx?issueid=14387#103428)

The Impact and Opportunities of COVID-19 in Ghana

Richard Sam Dickson (articles.aspx?searchcode=Richard+Sam++Dickson&searchfield=authors&page=1)* (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-

8766-7585), Deli Yao (articles.aspx?searchcode=Deli++Yao&searchfield=authors&page=1)

School of Economics and Management, Anhui University of Science and Technology,

Huainan, China (articles.aspx?
searchcode=School+of+Economics+and+Management%2c+Anhui+University+of+Science+and+Technology%2c+Huainan%2c+China&searchfield=affs&pag

DOI: 10.4236/jss.2020.810006 (https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2020.810006) PDF

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Abstract
The Coronavirus (COVID-19) has recently abstracted the world’s most excellent focus. Until mid-August, the number of confirmed cases
reached more than 945,165 in Africa with Ghana being third with the highest number of reported cases (42,210). This paper will introduce

Ghana and the African continent’s virus effects. This perspective aims to update the prevalence and inform about COVID-19 in Ghana, and also
explores the economic impact of the global pandemic on a developing country like Ghana, Ghana’s responses, opportunities presented and

strategies in combating the virus.

Keywords
COVID-19 (articles.aspx?searchcode=COVID-19&searchfield=keyword&page=1&skid=0), Impact on the African Continent and Ghana

(articles.aspx?searchcode=+Impact+on+the+African+Continent+and+Ghana&searchfield=keyword&page=1&skid=0), Responses

(articles.aspx?searchcode=+Responses&searchfield=keyword&page=1&skid=0), Economy (articles.aspx?

searchcode=+Economy&searchfield=keyword&page=1&skid=0), Opportunity (articles.aspx?

searchcode=+Opportunity&searchfield=keyword&page=1&skid=0)

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19%20in%20Ghana)

Dickson, R. and Yao, D. (2020) The Impact and Opportunities of COVID-19 in Ghana. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 8, 71-86. doi:

10.4236/jss.2020.810006 (https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2020.810006).

1. Background

After China registered the first new coronavirus disease in Wuhan, the entire world is dealing with the novel coronavirus. In their regular

update on 17 August 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that there are 21,294,845 cases and 761,779 deaths worldwide
(WHO, 2020). Table 1 shows the confirmed and death cases of COVID-19 in respect to the various continents.

The World Health Organization (WHO) formally recognized the novel coronavirus disease as a pandemic as it spread to over 100 countries,

leading to tens of thousands of cases within months (Rettner, 2020). Countries like the United States, Brazil, India, Russia, Spain, Italy, etc.

have been most affected worldwide. Novel coronavirus disease is now a public health crisis, a virus that was originally contained to China’s

borders has now broken out in every corner of the world

:
 Region Confirmed Cases Deaths
Africa 945,165 18,476
Americas 11,420,860 414,326
Eastern Mediterranean 1,723,673 45,704
Europe 3,754,649 214,092
South-East Asia 3 040,168 59,875
Western Pacific 409,589 9293
Total 21,294,845 761,779

Table 1. COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths.

Source: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Situation Report-181 Highlights Situation in numbers (by WHO Region) (WHO, 2020).

(Horowitz, 2020). The economic effect of the novel coronavirus is intolerable, as countries have begun lockdowns in cities and small towns. In

every area, economic pressure was felt from travel bans affecting the aviation industry, sporting event cancelations affecting the sports

industry, the hospitality industry, the banking sector, the financial markets, the event industry, the entertainment industry, the ban on mass
gathering affecting events and the entertainment industry (Horrowitz, 2020; Elliot, 2020).

In Africa, South Africa (583,653 total confirmed cases), Nigeria (48,770 total confirmed cases), and Ghana (42,210 total confirmed cases) are

the top three countries with the highest recorded cases (WHO, 2020). Ghana’s Government issued a lockdown in two of its regions in the early

stages of the outbreak in Ghana. This lockdown was to be issued in selected cities and specific instructions to be implemented.

All external borders have been closed, public meetings have been canceled, including conferences, workshops, funerals, concerts, pollical

rallies, sporting events, and religious activities, such as church services and mosques. Private burials with no more than 25 mourners were

permitted. Both colleges, high schools, and elementary schools were closed until further notice. The Attorney General was led to the parliament

to present emergency legislation. The Minister for Health has been given further orders to exercise his authority under section 169 of the Public

Health Act 2012 (Act 851) (Ditu, 2020).

Great damage has been done to the entire supply chain such as manufacturing, shipping, restaurants, and other sectors. Consequently, the

adverse effect is inevitable. Nonetheless, people should pay more attention to the positive side, in the face of the hasten effect.

This paper would examine the effects of the virus on both Africa and the Ghana region, the strategic responses adopted by Ghana, the impact

of COVID-19 on the economy of Ghana, opportunities, and solutions to help combat the pandemic in Ghana.

2. The Impact of COVID-19 on Africa

Africa as a continent has relatively low novel coronaviruses cases in contrast with the rest of the continents. In its report, WHO cautioned that,
in the first year, the pandemic may kill 83,000 - 190,000 people from 47 African countries, depending largely on government response; and

that the social-economic impacts that “lurk” over many years (BBC Africa, 2020). Also, there is not one homogenous native around the COVID-

19 pandemic, as in other countries, in Africa. The pandemic affects each nation differently, despite varying strengths and weaknesses. As a

result of the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus which first happened in Egypt on 14 February 2020 and spread two months later to

countries very much in Africa, African countries are closing their borders and other countries have introduced robust lock-up strategies with

contact tracing to map transmission and isolating suspected individuals from infection (WHO Africa, 2020).

Government handling of the 2019 new coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic may be addressed but most countries today have strategies to limit

the spread of the coronavirus by significantly restricting social interaction. The effects of these strategies on the economy and related effects

on social determinants of health are now becoming increasingly concerned. Governments and community organizations may be prepared to

spend to combat the immediate impacts of the crisis on health social determinants but the expense of such spending in the future will be

considerably overlooked, combined with decreased access to healthcare and decreased expenditures on health social determinants (Karnon,

2020).

While some countries including Uganda and South Africa introduced expert committees to help direct the government, Ghana as a nation

assessed its resources and economy and then opted against a complete lockdown, a partial lockdown in some major cities and neighboring

areas. Although others formed mobile teams to tackle contaminated COVID areas, Rwanda reduced congestion in its food markets and

established health facilities in key rural-urban public centers (Africa Center for Strategic Studies, 2020).
:
Such concerted acts by African leaders or governments are to help flatten COVID cases, as a rise in COVID cases means a burden on health

systems and the economy as a whole. Despite fewer hospital beds, lower doctor-to-patient ratio, most African countries would be unable to

cope with increased cases of COVID (WHO Africa, 2020).

As a consequence of the imposed partial or complete economic lockdown brought on by the latest coronavirus pandemic, the expected GDP

growth of Africa, which will hit 3.2% by 2020, is now projected to decrease by −0.8%. Economic losses in eastern Africa such as Kenya,

Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda, etc. A decrease in tourism, export sales, and supply chain instability has taken Kenya’s GDP to 1%, a steady rise
of about 5.7 percent. GDP growth in Ethiopia has been revised to 3.2 percent from 6.2 percent in 2020, with higher unemployment levels.

From 3.5% to 1.85% in Uganda, and 3.3% - 2% in Tanzania due to global supply chain instability and reduced demand for consumer products

(Deloitte, 2020).

Africa’s debt issues are rising at an alarming pace. The 2 - 3 percent decline in GDP growth levels due to COVID-19 means that initial debt

burdens become a concern. With America and Europe paying close to zero interest rates on 10 years’ government bonds, Africa pays 5% - 6%
on the same ten years of government bonds. Africa is still at a disadvantage (Mutize, 2020).

Before Africa had been faced with COVID-19, several countries had relatively small national debts with a debt to GDP ratio of 60%, with Sudan,

Eritrea, Cape Verde, and Mozambique having a debt to GDP ratio of more than 100% (IMF, 2020). Debt rates are rising due to borrowing

additional funds by some African countries to offset the immediate effect of the COVID-19 crises. Most African countries would have to return

to the highly indebted poor countries (World Bank and IMF initiative HIPC) (Ekeruche & Onyekwena, 2019).

According to the IMF, Africa will be expected to control its coronavirus by an estimated US$114 billion in 2020 (Georgieva, 2020). Many African

countries rely on external funding to complete their annual budget spending, countries like Ethiopia may see a decline in external funding

during this COVID-19 period. The countries most affected would be countries that rely on substantial foreign funding, as health spending is

extremely high and the most important priority (Avila et al., 2013). Africa faces the much greater problem of the management of not only

COVID-19 but also of ensuring that the bulk of its resources are not channeled to COVID-19 to leave malaria, HIV/AIDS, and TB, among

others, with an enormous gap in the global economy. Therefore, it would be a big challenge in West Africa to sustain a sufficient health budget
to resolve all existing health issues, and not just COVID-19 (Schneider et al., 2020).

According to the global health agency, the World Health Organization, up to 44 million people may suffer from C0VID-19 in Africa if the virus is

not contained (WHO Africa, 2020). Africa has, in general, a weak healthcare system due to poor governance and policies resulting from loans

from the International Monetary Fund. With established UK and US health systems over-stretched, that of Africa comes into question (Poitras,

2020). Continent Africa produces a great deal of tourism revenue. According to IATA (2020), the Aviation industry contributes 55.8 billion

dollars in Africa, providing 6.2 million jobs and contributing 2.6% of GDP on the continents (PROPARCO, 2016; IATA, 2020). The major airlines
in Africa are South African Airways, Kenya Airways, Ethiopian Airlines, and EgyptAir. Countries following the WHO criteria means that

international travel limits and border closures mean that airline workers are partially unemployed (IATA, 2020). A ban on international air

flights in the tourism value chain means that jobs in this value chain suffer (PROPARCO, 2016). As a result of COVID-19’s effect on the tourism

industry, Africa could lose 50 billion USD of revenue and 2 million direct and indirect jobs (PROPARCO, 2016).

Most African countries generate oil revenues, with oil prices collapsing historically for the first time in several years from USD 61.5 a barrel in
December 2019 to USD 23.2 a barrel in March 2020. Oil rents in Africa constitute 4.5% of our GDP (OECD/ATAF/AUC, 2019). For every African

nation, the COVID-19 crisis will be felt differently. The COVID-19 crisis will be felt most by countries in Africa that have other problems such as

food safety, health infrastructure, etc. Burkina Faso, for example. Mali, Niger, now suffering from a food crisis, which has undernourished 2.5

million children. Countries that rely heavily on food imports will suffer at border close. In those nations, food prices will increase (Gambia,

Liberia, Mauritania, and Sierra Leon) (OECD, 2020). Since COVID-19 is a global pandemic, each affected nation has an equal share of the novel
coronavirus fight. Africa is importing a significant percentage of its pharmaceutical and protective equipment from Europe and other COVID
protective gear and medication rises, a price rise has limited the supply of such goods to the African Continent. From Table 2, it can be seen

that around 90% of pharmaceuticals are supplied from outside the continent, which means that Africa is in serious problems (ECA, 2020).

According to Hoyt 2020, the crashing of the global economic downturn has a major impact on sub-Saharan African countries. Indigenous

companies, which are mostly small-scale enterprises, will have to lay off their workers due to lockdowns, and people would find themselves
without paycheck contributing to increased poverty. Due to the slower growth rate of developed economies, African countries will have a tough
time. Africa’s continent faces simultaneous public health and economic crisis that risks crippling healthcare systems, damaging livelihoods, and
:
weakening the region’s development prospects for years to come. Africa already has its fair share of issues to tackle, such as the slowdown in

growth and overall poverty reduction, at different rates across African countries. The COVID-19 crisis in Africa could reverse years of
development gains (OECD, 2020a).

3. Ghana in the Face of COVID-19

Ghana has entered the ranks of countries around the world that are implementing some form of movement restriction, aiming to slow down
the spread of the SARS-COV-2 the virus that causes COVID-19. The restrictions on movement in

Country Medical and Pharmaceutical products import (%)

EU 51.5%
India 19.3%
Switzerland 7.7%
China 5.2%
US 4.3%
UK 3.3%

Table 2. African medical & pharmaceutical products import table.

Source: Economic Impact of the COVID-19 on Africa; ECA (2020).

Ghana was scheduled to last for two weeks as the Ghana Health Services and the Ministry of Health to catch up with the marauding virus

(Aljazeera, 2020; Quakyi, 2020).

Ghana’s first COVID-19 virus case was reported on 13th March 2020. COVID-19 has gradually audited the State of Affairs in Ghana, concerning

health, economy, and infrastructure. Ghana’s response to COVID-19 has widely been praised as well as managed. Ghana’s response was
scientific, competent, and realistic. Its key response was the education on COVID-19, which was on handwashing with soap, the use of hand
sanitizers, and social distancing. On the other hand, tracing and limited testing has been the Ghana Health service strategy to reduce the

spread (Lexology, n.d.). Table 3 provides an overview of some of the restrictions that were imposed in Ghana due to COVID-19.

The government set up an inter-ministerial committee on the response to coronavirus headed by President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo in

response to this pandemic. The committee concentrated on restricting and preventing the introduction of the virus, controlling its spread;
providing adequate treatment to the sick; reducing the social and economic effects of the virus; and encouraging expanded domestic skills and

increasing self-reliance.

In view of the fact that COVID-19 has already started to slow down economic activity and the effect of COVID-19 continues to spread, apart
from introducing steps to boost economic growth, the government is trying to cut expenditures including Capex (Deloitte Ghana, 2020).

Measures established and adopted to stimulate economic growth include (Deloitte Ghana, 2020; Ofori-Atta, 2020; Africa Center for Strategic

Studies, 2020):

1) To promote economic recovery, the Government of Ghana has launched a Coronavirus Alleviation Program (CAP).

2) The new Ceiling on the Stabilization Fund for Ghana has been reduced from $300 million to $100 million to allow excess transfers of funds

to the Account.

3) Goods & Services and Capex spending was balanced down GHS 1.2 bn.

4) The Petroleum Revenue Management Act (PRMA) has been amended to allow the Heritage Fund to withdraw funds to aid in the battle

against COVID-19.

Dates Laws Imposed

March 16, 2020 Schools were closed and social distancing re-emphasized with a ban on public gatherings.

March 22, 2020 The border was closed to international passengers traveling to Ghana.
A three-week lockdown was imposed restricted to the Greater Accra region (which encapsulates Accra and the
March 30, 2020
port of Tema), Kumasi, and other parts of the Ashanti region. These were regions with the most cases.

Table 3. Laws are imposed in Ghana due to COVID-19 and their respective timeline.
:
5) The Bank of Ghana Act has been amended to allow Ghana’s government to borrow from the Bank of Ghana more than the stimulated

threshold if necessary.

6) Commercial banks committed to providing syndicated GHS 3bn facility to help key industries in granting a six-month moratorium on major
repayments to selected companies, and reducing interest rates by 200 basis points, as well as rising private sector credit supply.

7) The Government is also introducing the following fiscal steps to reduce the company and household effects of the pandemic:

a) Extension of the due dates to file tax returns from normal 4 months to 6 months after the ban year ends.

b) Grant of waiver of interest on key tax liabilities held by taxpayers who will refund their outstanding liabilities by June 30th, 2020.

c) Exemption from duties on defined contributions from third-tier pension funds.

d) Grants of the income tax deduction for contributions from the private sector, and grants to counter the COVID-19 pandemic.

e) Establishment of an e-mail filing and direct transfer payment system allowing taxpayers to file and pay taxes remotely with the different
Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA) offices.

The President of Ghana Nana Addo Danquah Akuffo Addo proposed 4 benefits for health workers on April 5 (Zhang, Nonvignon, & Mao, 2020):

a) A three-month exemption from paying taxes on their emoluments of jobs beginning in April 2020. (The President continued this for another

three months in his 13th address.)

b) A daily payment of 150 Ghanaian cedis (roughly $26) for contact tracing staff.

c) An extra payment of 50 percent of the basic monthly salary for front-line health workers beginning in March for four months. Since then, the

grant has been extended by 3 months.

d) An insurance package of 350,000 cedis covered (about 60,345 dollars). On 23 July, it was increased to 10 million cedis.

Figure 1 shows the COVID-19 confirmed cases in respect to the various regions in Ghana.

4. The Impact on Ghana’s Economy

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted Ghana’s economy’s supply-side with industries, hotels, shops, and offices closed due to the lockdown

that has seriously affected salaries (regular, weekly, and monthly) of both traditional and modern household workers who are currently unable
to participate in any profitable trade as markets are partially closed in line with public transport restrictions. Similarly, people have been locked
home with no customers, no visitors, no shoppers, and no passengers on the demand side of the economy, thereby dramatically affecting the

regular, weekly, and monthly household profits.

Figure 1. Confirmed cases in Ghana in respect to the various regions. Source: COVID-19 Updates|Ghana. data sourced from
https://ghanahealthservice.org/covid19/ data reports as of August 24, 2020 (Ghana Health, 2020).
:
According to Danquah & Schotte (2020), in Sub-Saharan Africa, the World Bank forecasts that economic growth will drop from 2.4% by 2020,
to −2.1% by 2020. The Minister for Finance of Ghana changed the country’s projection for the economic growth of 6.8% to 1.5% for 2020

downward. Low-income workers are severely affected, in particular informal workers who earn a daily living and have little or no access to
healthcare or social safety network. Thus, Nana Agyei Yeba-Mensa wrote that the COVID-19 pandemic presents significant risks not just for
people, but also for their economic well-being. The government’s mobility constraints and the social distancing steps introduced mean a

slowdown in production in a scenario of partial economic lockdown. Although events on the coronavirus pandemic are still unfolding, a
preliminary analysis of the effects of the Coronavirus threat to the real sector indicates that the real GDP growth rate expected for 2020 may

fall from 6.8% to 2.6% in case of infected cases and 1.5% in case of partial lock-down. In the event of a complete lockout, the expected
growth will deteriorate further (Ndour, 2020).

Ghana is one of the steadiest political countries in the region. Public debt is also projected to rise, according to the IMF, although Ghana is

already at a “high risk of debt distress.” Nevertheless, at the end of 2019, public debt amounted to 67 percent of GDP, representing a
comparatively high 450 percent of tax revenue. Since Ghana is an IDA state and its public service is heavily in debt, bilateral creditors could be

required to delay debt payments (and not to the private market) (Danquah & Schotte 2020).

The revenue from the oil exports will drop drastically, it is predicted that the lowest price level since 2002 and nearly half of the projected oil
price would drop considerably in 2020, as the price of Brent drops to less than USD 25. Ghana’s other main export crop, Cocoa, which

accounted for 10 percent of Ghana’s current account receipts in 2018, was further reduced by about 10 percent in export revenues.
Remittances and tourism (which accounted for around 11 percent of current account receipts in 2018) are also likely to decline, as they

accounted for just 4 percent of current account receipts in 2018. Therefore, Ghana’s current account receipts are down dramatically. However,
the downward trend in export revenues is not expected to change, considering the 15% rise in the average Gold price over 2019 (which

accounts for around 23% of export revenues in 2018) (Debuysscher, 2020). This will have a huge effect on countries heavily dependent on the
export of fuel. Fuel exports currently account for 23.3% of Ghana’s overall exports. This suggests that if the epidemic were to spread, the

effect would be immersive on export revenues.

The African continent has about 60% of its population in agriculture, with the agricultural sector being the lifeblood of Ghana’s economy,
without a doubt, government measures such as restrictions on public gathering, restricted movements, significantly influenced the supply of

farm inputs and other farm services. Farm supply prices skyrocketed with the challenges in acquiring day-old imported chicks being a problem.
It is slowly becoming difficult to find feed ingredients such as soybean meal, wheat bran, and layer/broiler concentrate (mostly from domestic

sources). A significant decrease of people in market centers and the closure of borders have, in one way or the other, affected food production
and availability. Most farms in Ghana are rainfed, indicating that these lands depend solely on rain for irrigation. Farmers of these farmlands

are monitoring the weather conditions for plowing and planting (Abroquah, 2020). Disruption could restrict farmers’ access to inputs such as
seeds, fertilizers, and insecticides, confusion, and fear could harm seeding decisions, as well as could the amount of key agricultural exports,

due to the overall pandemic decline in world economic activity. General food supply shortages are likely if the pandemic increases. This can
lead to food prices inflation, in particular rice, wheat, poultry, and other meat products, fruits, sugar, and other commodities (Ndour, 2020).

COVID-19 could have a huge effect on investment in Ghana. These effects will emerge from projected declines in FDI and portfolio investment,
capital flight, domestic financial pressure, and less foreign-source financing opportunities. As a result of the Coronavirus outbreak, the United

Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has already estimated that global FDI could decline by 5% to 15% by 2020. Another

reinforcement of the concern of an FDI slowdown is the fact that the top 5000 multinational corporations (MNCs) have already revised their
income forecasts by 9% on average. The most severely impacted developed countries will be MNCs, with profit now estimated to decrease by

16%. A reduction in MNC income will reduce FDI since benefit reinvestments constitute a large part of FDI (UNCTAD, 2019). Scheduled FDI

flows slowed down in 2020 due to uncertainties surrounding the impact of COVID-19. As a result of closing borders in Ghana, and in many

cases, restrictions imposed in their own country of origin, foreign investors could not enter the country to carry out or even conduct feasibility
studies.

Closing schools for nine months means that 7.2 million children are given 9 months less education, including 2.8 million children who are not
offered school meals. That will make any child less efficient in its adult years. In total, Ghana’s social cost of closing schools is estimated to be

roughly GHS 14.9 billion (USD 2.6 billion), the existing income loss benefit for 7.2 million children for the next 50 years (Copenhagen

Consensus Center, 2020).

:
The global trend in flight cancelations, border closing, and the need to retain social distance, including the ban on public gatherings, have

tremendous negative effects on the hospitality sector’s economic activities. Hotels, airlines, tourist spots, and attractions, and car rental
services are some of the greatest hits. Hotel occupancy rates have dropped from 70 to less than 30 percent and workers are sent home. And

before the consequences of the lockdown, which was later lifted, the average patronage decline in restaurants was already 60 percent.

Transport systems have become one of the hardest hits because of social isolation, school cuts, and the prohibition of public meetings (Ndour,

2020).

Closing schools for nine months means 9 months less schooling is provided to 7.2 million children, including 2.8 million children who are not
provided school meals. That will make any child in their adult years less productive. In total, the social cost of closing schools for Ghana is

expected to be approximately GHS 14.9 billion (USD 2.6 billion), the current value of income loss for 7.2 million children for the next 50 years

(Copenhagen Consensus Center, 2020).

The more the virus spreads, the more economic and business performance will be affected, raising concerns about debt sustainability,

particularly for highly indebted countries and businesses, absent official support.

5. Opportunities Presented by COVID-19

1) Financial Markets

As per the KPMG 2020 report, the pandemic has rattled many, if not all financial markets, and Ghana’s have not been left out. Five out of the
eight listed banks reported a decline in their share prices, three of which dropped 10% or more in April for the most part. Ecobank Ghana

(EGH) dropped by 20 percent from GHS 8.10 on 31 December 2019 to GHS 6.50 on 21 April 2020, the most affected bank in April. However,

circumstances seem to have shifted as EGH’s stock price rose to GHS 7.45 on 7 May 2020. Gold has become a secure sanctuary for investors

globally with treasury bills and stock prices declining. Gold prices are projected to have a positive effect on the Ghanaian economy, and they
will help banks open to the mining industry (Adoteye, 2020).

2) A boost in local products and service production

Reductions in intermediate imported goods in Ghana could significantly slow down production activities. However, reductions in the imports of
goods and services are projected to reduce demand for Forex products and services for importation. This has a positive effect on the level of

foreign exchange and our net international reserves. It also offers opportunities for import replacement, thereby boosting local products and

services production (Ndour, 2020).

3) Developing of a real-time COVID test kit

Ghanaian diagnostic firm, Incas Diagnostics, and a top university, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology collaborated to create

a COVID-19 test kit that delivers fast results. A KNUST statement said, “the test which takes 15 - 20 minutes to conduct will allow those tested
to know their results in a shorter time to allow health authorities to make decisions in real-time” (Kaledzi, 2020).

4) Local Production Health supplies to help combat COVID-19

The Indigenous Production Titan and (ISO) Accredited company Kasapreko Company Limited reacted positively to H.E’s inquiry. The call for
local factories to manufacture hand sanitizers to curb the spread of Coronavirus disease in Ghana by President Nana Addo Danquah Akufo

Addo. The product is called KCL Hands Sanitizers and the good thing is that it comes in different sizes and it is inexpensive, too. It has enabled

the masses to remain healthy and to obey the basic safety measures of sanitizing hands as much as possible (Hammond, 2020).

5) Electricity and Portable drinking water subsidies

In early April, the government announced a policy of electricity and water subsidies in Ghana. Established energy subsidies have been the

subject of policy debate for a long time: high prices are often not worth the benefits, particularly as they tend to increase to wealthier
households, and subsidies may reduce efficiency as a result of increased power outages. But dialing back energy subsidies after they have

been developed is always politically infeasible (Wolfram, 2020).

6) Education Sector
:
Final year Junior High School (JHS) students and staff of the final year will be given one hot meal a day. This comes after some final year

students were stated to have been “hungry to comply with the COVID-19 protocols” (Cromwell, 2020).

7) Health-care delivery

The pandemic COVID-19 has pushed Ghana to strengthen its health-care system. The government this week promised to establish hundreds of

new hospitals across the entire West African country. New developments come into action, too. The Silicon Valley Company Zipline uses drones
to transport medical supplies and bring samples from suspected coronavirus patients to laboratories in the large cities of Ghana, enabling the

government to track the spread of COVID-19 more rapidly (Knott, 2020).

6. Suggestions

Many African countries have been swift to introduce containment measures to minimize the spread of the virus even though reported cases

have been very few. However, it will be difficult to maintain confining and social distancing, particularly in countries without flexible social
protection systems. Most employees across the continent operate in the informal sector and many live through face-to-face transactions on

what they receive each day. Also obtaining water, which is so important for prevention and everyday life, needs that many people leave their

homes. Testing and touch tracking become less efficient or even impracticable without successful social distancing. Robust compliance does not

alter this reality; indeed, it risks fostering distrust which makes it less likely to comply (OECD, 2020b). By prioritizing, the African governments
should build the climate conducive to the development of sustainable health care systems. Governments must work towards encouraging

wealth development initiatives, adopt a framework approach that would allow the interdependence of African issues to be understood, and

outline how the relatively poor health concerns can be addressed as soon as possible (Klomegah, 2020).

According to Issahaku 2020, financial-market conditions need to be eased to mitigate the detrimental impact of tightening global financial

markets. The steps taken by the Bank of Ghana to ease the lending rates and capital requirements are in the right direction. The degree to
which this will result in lower lending rates would depend on how sensitive the banks are to the BoG’s steps. The government needs to rapidly

inject some fiscal stimulus into industries most likely to suffer from the COVID-19 effects. COVID-19 has both had a positive and negative

impact on Ghana. Ghana was not properly trained for the pandemic and was prepared. The effect on an important sector such as commerce

needs to be debated, analyzed and the facts stated. Healthy and feasible solutions can be used as intelligence and knowledge resource to
assist in the face of the pandemic.

Also, citizens of Ghana must exercise the highest degree of self-discipline is evident in the economic figures. The higher the level of self-

discipline and civic duty that we uphold in following improved hygiene and social distancing protocols, the greater our ability to prevent major

unemployment losses and its related difficulties. As a result of the coronavirus pandemic, we are already seeing a downturn in economic

activity in the different sectors of the economy (Ndour, 2020).

The mass media, both electronic and print, should focus more on providing the citizenry with information. Relief items as well as other items
should not only be issued in recognized regions and towns, but also in villages and other areas that are not necessarily in the spotlight, such as

street homeless children, jail cells, and orphanage homes. The National Civic Education Commission (NCCE), Ghana Health Service (GHS), and

other bodies may provide interviews or issue press releases (Amponsah & Frimpong, 2020).

7. Conclusion

The pandemic has inspired the imagination of the entire human being to respond to emergencies. The transformation and improvement of

customer services, the Internet industry, and other relevant sectors expedited. In a new round of growth opportunities, e-commerce, e-
government, home office, virtual enterprise, online teaching, and other new types of business will begin. Also, the pandemic has highlighted

the importance of the notion of human development. The global spread of this pandemic can be said to provide unprecedented exposure and

potential for Ghana to become a promoter of the next era of infrastructure in Africa.

8. Limitations of the Study

There are not enough prior research works on this topic and because the COVID-19 pandemic is an ongoing one, Ghana as a country keeps
updating its protocols and combating solutions periodically.

Conflicts of Interest
:
The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

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