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Exam

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Uploaded by

HASIN ORTHI
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© © All Rights Reserved
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You are on page 1/ 8

2.

a)

b) i) The distribution shown in the chart appears to be a uniform distribution. This is because
the probability density function (PDF) is flat, meaning that every value between the lower and
upper bounds has the same probability. The distribution is still a uniform distribution with
equal probabilities across the range 8≤x≤16.

The PDF for a uniform distribution is:

1
f (x)=
b−a

Substituting the new values:

1
f (x)=
b−a

1
f (x)=
16−8

1
f (x)= =0.125
8

So, the probability density function is f(x)=0.0125.

ii. For a uniform distribution:

 Mean is:

Substitute the new values:


So, the mean is 120 grams.

 Standard Deviation (σ) is:

Substitute the new values:

Thus, the standard deviation is approximately 23.09 grams.

iii.

To calculate the probability of a candidate taking between 120 and 150 grams, use the formula
for uniform distribution probability:

Where:

Substituting the values:

Thus, the probability of a candidate taking between 120 and 150 grams of vegetables is 0.375 or
37.5%.

Implication:

The implication of this result is that there is a 37.5% chance that a randomly selected candidate
will take between 120 and 150 grams of vegetables, which helps Jason estimate the required
amount of vegetables for the buffet. Since the uniform distribution is flat, all intervals of the
same length have the same probability, making it easier to predict how much of the resource to
allocate based on desired ranges.
2. c) Characteristics of Standard Normal Distribution:

1. Mean of Zero: The standard normal distribution has a mean (μ) of 0.


2. Standard Deviation of One: Its standard deviation (σ) is always 1.
3. Symmetry: It is symmetric around the mean, with half of the distribution to the left of
the mean and half to the right.
4. Z-Scores: Data points are expressed in terms of standard deviations from the mean,
which are known as Z-scores. For example, a Z-score of 1.5 means the value is 1.5
standard deviations above the mean.

Characteristics of Normal Distribution:

1. Any Mean and Standard Deviation: The normal distribution can have any mean (μ)
and standard deviation (σ), unlike the standard normal distribution, which is fixed at 0
and 1, respectively.
2. Bell-Shaped Curve: Like the standard normal distribution, the general normal
distribution is also symmetric and bell-shaped, centered around its mean.
3. Empirical Rule: Approximately 68% of data falls within 1 standard deviation from the
mean, 95% within 2, and 99.7% within 3.
4. Continuous Distribution: Normal distribution is continuous, meaning data points can
take any value on the real number line.

Both distributions are used to describe real-world phenomena where data tends to cluster around
a central value with a symmetric spread. The standard normal distribution is particularly useful
for calculating probabilities and comparing scores across different normal distributions through
Z-scores.
3. a) To finalize the menu and identify the most popular hot drink among high street shoppers,
Amina can use the following methods for data collection:

1. Customer Surveys: Amina could distribute surveys to high street shoppers to ask them
about their preferred hot drinks. This could be done either online or physically at the café
location.
2. Sales Data Analysis: If there are existing cafés or similar businesses nearby, analyzing
their sales data (with their cooperation) would provide insights into the most popular
drinks.
3. Social Media Polls and Trends: Amina can use social media platforms like Instagram,
Twitter, or Facebook to run polls or study trends on popular hot drinks in the region.

b) Creating a bar chart:

Drink type No. of votes


Americano 30
Latte 35
Hot Chocolate 15
Cappuccino 35
Espresso 20

Caffe Mocha 20
Long Black 70
Decaf 15
British tea 10
British tea 10

Decaf 15

Long Black 70

Caffe Mocha 20

Espresso 20

Cappuccino 35

Hot Chocolate 15

Latte 35

Americano 30

Drink type
0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

ii. Identifying the most popular drink and its relative frequency:

 The most popular hot drink is Long Black, with 70 votes.


 To calculate the relative frequency of Long Black:

The total number of votes is:

So, Long Black accounts for 28% of the total votes.

c)

Let:

 x = number of blouses produced.


 y= number of skirts produced.

The goal is to maximize profit:

 Profit from one blouse = £8.


 Profit from one skirt = £6.
Objective function (to maximize):

Maximize Z=8x+6y

Constraints:

 Amina has 5 hours available each day:


o Each blouse takes 1 hour of Amina's time.
o Each skirt takes 0.5 hours of Amina's time.
o Total time for Amina:

x+0.5y≤5

 Saima has 7 hours available each day:


o Each blouse takes 1 hour of Saima's time.
o Each skirt takes 1 hour of Saima's time.
o Total time for Saima:

x+y≤7

 Non-negativity constraint:

x≥0, y≥0

ii.

Now, we can find three possible solutions that satisfy these constraints.

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