A CAL Project Report

on

MOVIE RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM

to be submitted in partial fulfilling of the requirements for the course on

Artificial Intelligence – SWE4010

(E1+TE1)

By

Monish Kanna 21MIS0409

K. Kaushik 21MIS0332

K. Rohit Kumar Reddy 21MIS0221

N. Hrithik Sai 21MIS0335

 Fall Semester 2023-2024
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT

1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………. 01
2. Review 1 (Survey, Analysis)...………………………………….……… 02
3. Review 2 (Design of Diagrams & Prototype Design)………………….. 10
4. Review 3 (Development of Model).....…………………………………. 13
5. Conclusion ………………………………………………………....…… 19
6. References ………………………………………………………………. 20
 ABSTRACT

Movie recommendation systems have become increasingly popular in recent years, providing
users with personalized suggestions based on their preferences. Traditional recommendation
approaches often rely on collaborative filtering or content-based filtering techniques, but these
methods may face limitations in addressing the cold start problem and the sparsity problem. This
thesis proposes a novel movie recommendation system that utilizes a combination of cosine
similarity and sentiment analysis to overcome these challenges. Cosine similarity is employed to
measure the similarity between movies based on their textual features, while sentiment analysis
is applied to reviews to extract user opinions and gauge their overall sentiment towards a
particular movie. By incorporating sentiment analysis into the recommendation process, the
system can capture the emotional aspects of user preferences and provide more accurate and
personalized recommendations.

The proposed system consists of three main components: data preprocessing, recommendation
generation, and evaluation. In the data preprocessing stage, movie metadata and user reviews are
collected and cleaned to ensure data consistency and quality. The recommendation generation
module utilizes cosine similarity to calculate the similarity between movies and user preferences,
and sentiment analysis to assess the overall sentiment expressed in movie reviews. Finally, the
evaluation component assesses the performance of the recommendation system using various
metrics, such as precision, recall, and F1-score.

Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system outperforms traditional

recommendation approaches, achieving higher accuracy and personalization in movie
recommendations. The incorporation of sentiment analysis into the recommendation process
proves to be an effective method for capturing the emotional aspects of user preferences and
providing more relevant and enjoyable movie suggestions.
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1. INTRODUCTION

Recommendation systems are a type of information filtering system that attempts to predict the
preferences of a user and make suggests based on these preferences. They have become
increasingly popular over the last few years and are now used in most online platforms.
YouTube, Netflix, Amazon, Pinterest, and long list of other internet products all rely on
recommender systems to filter millions of contents and make personalized recommendations to
their users. Everyone loves movies irrespective of age, gender, race, color, or geographical
location, yet our choices and combinations are unique in terms of movie preferences.
Recommendation systems are a type of information filtering system that attempts to predict the
preferences of a user and make suggests based on these preferences. They have become
increasingly popular over the last few years and are now used in most online platforms. Two
main approaches are content-based filtering and collaborative filtering. The exploration vs
exploitation problem is an important issue for recommendation systems, as they must explore
new domains to discover more about the user while still making the most of what is already
known about them. There are two main types of movie recommendation systems - Collaborative
filtering (CF) systems recommend movies to users based on the preferences of similar
users.Content-based (CB) systems recommend movies to users based on the similarity of the
movies to those they have already watched or rated highly.
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2.REVIEW-1 (Survey & Analysis)

LITERATURE SURVEY:

[1] Machine Learning Model for Movie Recommendation System

The primary aim of recommendation systems is to recommend applicable objects to a consumer-

based totally on ancient data. If a movie is rated excessive by means of a consumer who also
watched the movie you are watching now, it's miles possibly to show up inside the
recommendations. The films with the highest overall scores are in all likelihood to be enjoyed by
way of nearly everyone. The algorithm which does all these features is called CineMatch. For
personal users, it also learns from the conduct of the person to higher expect a movie the
consumer is anticipated to be fascinated in. Here we have to increase our CineMatch algorithm
10% by using fashionable collaborative filtering techniques. In this paper, we design and
implement a movie recommendation machine prototype blended with the actual wishes of movie
recommendation through gaining knowledge of KNN algorithm and collaborative filtering
algorithm. In this study, we examine a privacy- retaining collaborative filtering method for
binary facts referred to as a randomized reaction technique. We develop a method focused on the
second thing of privacy to find out faux binary rankings the usage of auxiliary and public
information.

[2] Intelligent Movie Recommender System Using Machine Learning

Recommender systems are a representation of user choices for the purpose of suggesting items to
view or purchase. The Intelligent movie recommender system that is proposed combines the
concept of Human-Computer Interaction and Machine Learning. The proposed system is a
subclass of information filtering system that captures facial feature points as well as emotions of
a viewer and suggests them movies accordingly. It recommends movies best suited for users as
per their age and gender and also as per the genres they prefer to watch. The recommended
movie list is created by the cumulative effect of ratings and reviews given by previous users. A
neural network is trained to detect genres of movies like horror, comedy based on the emotions
of the user watching the trailer. Thus, proposed system is intelligent as well as secure as a user is
verified by comparing his face at the time of login with one stored at the time of registration. The
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system is implemented by a fully dynamic interface i.e. a website that recommends movies to the
user.

[3] Hybrid Movie Recommendation System Using Machine Learning

Every year new movies are released with a varied story-line or a genre which could be of
potential interest to viewers. Various online movie or video streaming platforms can keep the
customers engaged by recommending movies of the viewer's preference. A key research
challenge for Recommender engines is to make more targeted recommendations. This paper
presents Filtering approaches including Content-based, which recommends items (movies) to the
user (viewer) based on their previous history/ preferences and Collaborative- based which uses
opinions and actions of other similar users (viewers) to recommend items (movies). In
Collaborative filtering, User-based, Item based, SVD, and SVD++ algorithms have been
implemented and the performance evaluated. Finally, a hybrid recommendation engine that
stacks both the Content-based and SVD filtering models is shown to have optimal performance
and improved movie recommendations to retain active viewer engagement with the service.

[4] Movie Recommender System Using Machine Learning Algorithms

These days, a recommendation of a movie from a server-based system has made finding a piece
of cinema easier. Film recommendation helps us to find films that we need to watch, instead of
searching extensively online and help cinephiles and movie buffs by suggesting top tier films to
watch without looking into huge databases which is very time consuming. As an approach to this
dilemma, we Introduce a model based on collaborative and content-based approach which will
use a variety of Python based Machine Learning algorithms from huge datasets and immensely
produce a movie suggestion based on their taste and past watch history or genre. This compared
to other recommendation systems is different and is based on a content-based approach.

[5] Movie Recommendation System using Machine Learning Algorithms

Recommender systems are one of the most successful and widespread application of machine
learning technologies in business. This is information filtering approach that is used to predict
the preference of that user. The most popular areas where recommender system is applied are
books, news, articles, music, videos, movies etc. In this paper we have proposed a movie
recommendation system which is based on collaborative filtering approach that makes use of the
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information provided by users, analyzes them, and then recommends the movies that is best
suited to the user at that time. The recommended movie list is sorted according to the ratings
given to these movies by previous users and it uses various machine learning algorithms for this
purpose. It also help users to find the movies of their choices based on the movie experience of
other users in efficient and effective manner without wasting much time in useless browsing. The
presented recommender system generates recommendations using various types of knowledge
and data about users from the movie dataset. The user can then browse the recommendations
easily and find a movie of their choice.

[6] A review paper on hypervisor and virtual machine security

This paper summarizes various types of attacks, vulnerabilities, security issues and challenges
related to hypervisor and virtual machines. A hypervisor is a computer program or software that
facilitates to create and run multiple virtual machines. It is also known as Virtual Machine
Manager (VMM). Due to their popularity, it exploits the attack surface, because the Hypervisor
code contains much vulnerability. Since the Hypervisor is a core element of any cloud
computing service, it is always on the top priority of the attackers. There are many Software
(open source) and Hardware based Solutions are available in the market to monitor and control
the hypervisor activities.

[7] Survey of Virtual Machine System: Current Technology and Future Trends

This paper summarizes about the present technology about the virtual machine and the best
upcoming technologies about the virtual machine. With the development of the computer
technology, the virtual machine has been become the main research topic. Understanding of the
current technology and future trends of virtual machine system greatly help to improve the
service performance of system. Therefore, we describe the current technology and present the
future trends of virtual machine system in the paper. In the current technology of virtual machine
system, we mainly describe the virtualization technology, the re- source scheduling technology,
the migration technology, the security technology and the performance evaluation technology. In
the future trends of virtual machine system, we mainly present an overview of the future CPU
architecture, the management mode of future memory and resource, the future maintaining
method of system security and the performance evaluation method of future multiple virtual
machine system.
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[8] A Study on Virtualization and Virtual Machines

This paper summarizes about the study on virtualization and virtual machines. Cloud computing
is the one among the emerging technologies in the present world, It is mainly concerned with
storage of data, providing on demand computing infrastructure for various applications. The
users can store their data in cloud and can access that data very easily and fast. Cloud data can be
retrieved from anywhere and whenever users want because of this flexibility now a days many
users are attracted to this technology, but the problem with this environment is privacy of user’s
data. As the data of different users is stored in the same place, the users are worried about their
data privacy. Virtualization is a type of process used to create a virtual environment to identify
and isolate the user’s data. It allows a user to run multiple operating systems on one computer
simultaneously by creating virtual version of an operating system, server, or network resource.

[9] Implementing malware with virtual machines

This paper summarizes about implementing malware with the virtual machines. In this paper, we
assume the perspective of the attacker, who is trying to run malicious software and avoid
detection. By assuming this perspective, we hope to help defenders understand and defend
against the threat posed by a new class of rootkits. Attackers and defenders of computer systems
both strive to gain complete control over the system. To maximize their control, both attackers
and defenders have migrated to low-level, operating system code.

[10] Design of a Movie Review Rating Prediction (MR2P) Algorithm

This paper is about moving rating prediction. The aim of this research work to design an efficient
movie recommendation algorithm that will increase prediction accuracy, the Movie Review
Rating Prediction (MR2P) was achieved through a systematic review of the existing movie
success algorithm. This re- search work will enable movie stakeholders (producers, directors,
crew, cast already in the movie industry or aspirants) to know the kind of movie to invest in
which will, in turn, be beneficial in terms of higher profit.
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[11] Movie success prediction using data mining

This paper is about creating a mathematical model for predicting a success and failure rate of the
upcoming movies. the criteria in calculating movie success included budget, actors, director,
producer, set locations, story writer, movie release day, competing movie releases at the same
time, music, release location and target audience. However, success cannot be predicted based on
a particular attribute. So, we have built a model based on interesting relation between attributes.
Also, this model can be used by movie watchers in determining a blockbuster before purchasing
a ticket. Each of the criteria involved was given a weight and then the prediction was made based
on these. There were be additional factors discussed in this work. We have conducted our work
with simulation data.

[12] Role of different factors in predicting movie success

This paper is about the different factors in predicting movie success their roles and accuracy
levels. The current predictive models available are based on vari- ous factors for assessment of
the movie. These include the classical factors such as cast, producer, director etc. or the social
factors in form of response of the society on various online platforms. This methodology lacks to
harvest the required accuracy level. Our paper suggests that the integration of both the classical
and the social factors (anticipation and user feedback) and the study of interrelation among the
classical factors will lead to more accuracy.

[13] A Movie Recommender System: MOVREC

Now a day’s recommendation system has changed the style of searching the things of our
interest. This is information filtering approach that is used to predict the preference of that user.
The most popular areas where recommender system is applied are books, news, articles, music,
videos, movies etc. In this paper we have proposed a movie recommendation system named
MOVREC. It is based on collaborative filtering approach that makes use of the information
provided by users, analyzes them and then recommends the movies that is best suited to the user
at that time. The recommended movie list is sorted according to the ratings given to these movies
by previous users and it uses K-means algorithm for this purpose. MOVREC also help users to
find the movies of their choices based on the movie experience of other users in efficient and
effective manner without wasting much time in useless browsing. This system has been
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developed in PHP using Dreamweaver 6.0 and Apache Server 2.0. The presented recommender
system generates recommendations using various types of knowledge and data about users, the
available items, and previous transactions stored in customized databases. The user can then
browse the recommendations easily and find a movie of their choice.

[14] An Efficient movie recommendation algorithm based on improved k-clique

The amount of movie has increased to become more congested; therefore, to find a movie what
users are looking for through the existing technologies are very hard. For this reason, the users
want a system that can suggest the movie requirement to them and the best technology about
these is the recommendation system. However, the most recommendation system is using
collaborative filtering methods to predict the needs of the user due to this method gives the most
accurate prediction. Today, many researchers are paid attention to develop several methods to
improve accuracy rather than using collaborative filtering methods. Hence, to further improve
accuracy in the recommendation system, we present the k-clique methodology used to analyze
social networks to be the guidance of this system. In this paper, we propose an efficient movie
recommendation algorithm based on improved k-clique methods which are the best accuracy of
the recommendation system. However, to evaluate the performance; collaborative filtering
methods are monitored using the k nearest neighbors, the maximal clique methods, the k-clique
methods, and the proposed methods are used to evaluate the MovieLens data. The performance
results show that the proposed methods improve more accuracy of the movie recommendation
system than any other methods used in this experiment.

[15] Movie Recommendation System Using Item Based Collaborative Filtering

In today's digital world where there is an endless variety of content consumed such as books,
videos, articles, Films, etc., finding material of one's choice has become an infallible task. Digital
content on the other hand Providers want to engage more and more users in their service for
maximum time. Where is it the recommender system comes into picture where content providers
advise users by content User choice in this paper, we have proposed a movie recommendation
system. Purpose of movie recommendation system aims to provide users with accurate movie
recommendations. Usually, basic recommendation system to make recommendations consider
one of the following factors; User preference known as content-based Filtering or the preference
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of similar users known as collaborative filtering. To create a stable and accurate recommender
system will use of content-based filtering.

ANALYSIS:

PROBLEM STATEMENT:

The era of hard evidence is ending, and the era of expert opinion is dawning. A recommendation
system, like many other methods for mastering a gadget, makes a prediction based on the user's
prior actions. The amount of audio-visual information available in the There is a subset of
information filtering systems called recommender systems, sometimes known as
recommendation systems, since they attempt to anticipate the "rating" or "preference" a user
would give an item. Their primary function is in industrial settings. Playlist generators for video
and music services like Netflix, YouTube, and Spotify; product recommenders for services like
Amazon; content recommenders for social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter are just
some of the more well-known uses of recommender systems. These systems can function based
on a single input, such as music, or on the basis of a variety of inputs across several platforms,
such as news articles, books, and internet inquiries. Popular recommender systems exist for niche
areas, such as restaurants. It's also possible to use a recommendation system to learn more about
potential research papers, specialists, partners, and financial services.

OBJECTIVE:

The Objective of our Movie recommendation system are:

• Provides a proper system to search for movies that an individual would be interested to
watch depending on his/her preferences.
• Provides relevant movies and minimize the time spent by a user on website or channel.

METHODOLOGY:

Three data filtering methods:

Content based filtering :This method is based on a description of the item and a profile of the
users preferences. To keep it simple it will suggest your similar movie based on the movie we
give. Movie name is the input or based on all the movies watched by the a user (User is the
input)
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Collaborative based filtering: This method is based on assumption that people who agree in the
past will agree in the future. This will build a user’s past behaviors.

Hybrid approach: Manage the data overload problem and to recommends the items to the user
the items they are interested in the form the dynamically generated data
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3.REVIEW-2 (Design of Diagrams & Prototype Design)

Proposed Framework:
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Flow Chart:
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Use Case:
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4.REVIEW-3 (Development of a Model)

The Work Flow of movie recommendation system is depicted below:

STEP 1: DATA COLLECTION We need to collect the details of the movie like who is the
director ,what is the genre of the movie, description of the movie etc. This is the most important
step to perform Movie Recommendation System.

STEP 2: DATA PRE-PROCESSING Second step is data pre-processing which includes all
the data cleaning in it.

STEP 3: FEATURE EXTRACTION All the data in this dataset will be in the form of texts.
We cannot use this data directly, so we need to convert these textual data into numerical values.
To be precise, we convert it into feature vectors.

STEP 4: After this, we try to find similarity score between the movies. When the user gives
his/her input of their favourite movie, the recommendation system suggests which movies they
can watch. For this, we use Cosine Similarity.
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COSINE SIMILARITY ALGORITHM:

Cosine similarity is used as a metric in different machine learning algorithms like the KNN for
determining the distance between the neighbours, in recommendation systems, it is used to
recommend movies with the same similarities and for textual data, it is used to find the similarity
of texts in the document. Cosine similarity is the cosine of the angle between two vectors and it
is used as a distance evaluation metric between two points in the plane. The cosine similarity
measure operates entirely on the cosine principles where with the increase in distance the
similarity of data points reduces. Cosine similarity finds its major use for character types of data
wherein with respect to machine learning cosine similarity can be used for various classification
data and helps us to determine the nearest neighbours when used as an evaluation metric in the
KNN algorithm.

Cosine Similarity = cos(θ) = A.B / ||A||.||B||

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

RAM: 512 MB

Memory Size: 20GB

Processor: 1.0 GHZ

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

Operating System: Windows (x64)

Platform: JypterNotebook (directly from chrome)

Language: Python

DATASETS:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Gs4GAfNG5vfOWZ2R_R8f3Gw5A2OBDdFW/view?usp=s
haring
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ARCHITECTURE:

The architecture of a movie recommendation system typically consists of the following

components:
Data Collection:
• User Data: This includes information about the user, such as their demographics,
interests, and past interactions with the system.
• Movie Data: This includes information about the movies, such as their genre, director,
and actors.
• Interaction Data: This includes information about how users interact with movies, such
as ratings, reviews, and watch history.
Data Processing:
• Data Cleaning: This involves cleaning the data to ensure that it is accurate and complete.
• Data Feature Engineering: This involves extracting relevant features from the data that
can be used by the recommendation algorithm.
• Data Splitting: This involves splitting the data into training, validation, and test sets.
Recommendation Algorithm:
• Content-Based Filtering: This algorithm recommends movies that are similar to movies
that the user has already rated or watched.
• Collaborative Filtering: This algorithm recommends movies that other users with
similar tastes to the user have enjoyed.
• Hybrid Methods: These methods combine content-based and collaborative filtering
approaches.
Recommendation Generation:
• Model Training: The recommendation algorithm is trained on the training set.
• Model Evaluation: The recommendation algorithm is evaluated on the validation set.
• Recommendation Generation: The recommendation algorithm is used to generate
recommendations for users based on their profiles and past interactions with the system.
Deployment:
• Recommendation API: The recommendation algorithm is deployed as an API that can
be called by other applications.
• User Interface: A user interface is developed to display the recommendations to users.
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Here is a diagram that illustrates the architecture of a movie recommendation system:

The specific components of a movie recommendation system will vary depending on the specific
application and the desired level of accuracy. However, the general architecture will remain the
same.
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TESTING:

There are a variety of testing methods that can be used for a movie recommendation system
project. The specific methods that are chosen will depend on the specific requirements of the
project. However, some common testing methods include:

• Unit testing: This involves testing individual components of the system in isolation. This
can be done by writing test cases that exercise the different functionalities of each
component.
It ensures that each component of the system functions correctly.
• Integration testing: This involves testing how different components of the system work
together. This can be done by creating test scenarios that simulate real-world interactions
between the components.This ensures that the different components of the system work
together seamlessly
• System testing: This involves testing the entire system as a whole. This can be done by
creating test scenarios that cover all of the major functionalities of the system.It ensures
that the system meets the overall requirements of the project.
• User acceptance testing: This involves testing the system from the perspective of the
end users. This can be done by having users test the system and provide feedback on its
usability and functionality.This testing ensures that the system is usable and meets the
needs of the end users.

In addition to these traditional testing methods, there are also a number of specialized testing
methods that can be used for movie recommendation systems. These include:

• Cold start testing: This involves testing how the system recommends movies to new
users or new movies and ensures that the system can provide recommendations to new
users and new movies..
• Sparsity testing: This involves testing how the system recommends movies when there
are not enough ratings to make accurate recommendations for all users or all movies. It
ensures that the system can provide recommendations even when there is limited data.
• Diversity testing: This involves testing how the system recommends a variety of movies
to users, rather than just recommending movies that are similar to movies that the user
has already rated or watched. Ensures that the system does not just recommend movies
that are similar to each other.
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The specific testing methods that are chosen for a movie recommendation system project will
depend on the specific requirements of the project. However, the goal of all testing is to ensure
that the system meets the needs of its users and that it is free of defects.

By using a variety of testing methods, developers can ensure that their movie recommendation
system is of high quality and meets the needs of its users.
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5.CONCLUSION

The movie recommendation system using cosine similarity algorithm utilizes a mathematical
technique called cosine similarity to recommend movies to users based on their preferences. The
system analyzes the user's movie history and compares it to a database of movies, generating a
similarity score between the user's preferences and the database. The system then recommends
movies with the highest similarity scores to the user. The scope of advancement for this project
is vast. Additionally, the system could be expanded to include TV shows, books, and other forms
of media. Another area of improvement could be to incorporate sentiment analysis, which would
allow the system to recommend movies based on the user's emotional state or mood. Overall,
there is great potential for the movie recommendation system using cosine similarity algorithm
to continue to evolve and improve, providing users with more accurate and personalized movie
recommendations.
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