AFCAC/ICAO Joint Workshop

Walter White

ICAO PBN CONCEPTS

, BENEFITS, AND
OBJECTIVES
24 JUNE 2014
Airbus ProSky Corporate Presentation 29/06/2014

PERFORMANCE-BASED NAVIGATION

The implementation of
Performance-Based Navigation,
or PBN, is presently the global
aviation community’s highest
Air Navigation priority.

Slide 2

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Airbus ProSky Corporate Presentation 29/06/2014

PERFORMANCE-BASED NAVIGATION

It is key to the implementation of

ICAO’s Aviation System Block
Upgrades (ASBU) and is an enabler
for Continuous Descent and
Continuous Climb operations.

Slide 3

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
 http://www.icao.int/sustainability/Pages/ASBU-Framework.aspx
© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
ASBU

Slide 5

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
ASBU
2013

Slide 6

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
ASBU
2013 2018 2023

Slide 7

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Airbus ProSky Corporate Presentation 29/06/2014

PERFORMANCE-BASED NAVIGATION

PBN implementation involves many

different stakeholders and processes
from airborne equipment to airspace
infrastructure development.

Slide 8

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Airbus ProSky Corporate Presentation 29/06/2014

PERFORMANCE-BASED NAVIGATION

PBN sets clear performance requirements for

flight operations. PBN involves a major shift
from conventional ground-based navigation
and procedures to satellite-based navigation
and area navigation procedures. PBN is more
accurate and allows for shorter more direct
routes, as well as more efficient take-offs and
landings. This reduces fuel burn, airport and
airspace congestion, and aircraft emissions.
Slide 9

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Airbus ProSky Corporate Presentation 29/06/2014

PERFORMANCE-BASED NAVIGATION

PBN:
Improves Safety
Ø Reduces CFIT
Ø Consistent predictable flight paths
Ø Stabilized approach paths
Improves Operating Returns
Ø Reduces fuel costs
Ø Reduces investment in ground based systems
Ø Reduces time in flight through more direct routes
Increases Airspace Capacity
Ø More efficient direct routes
Ø Reduces airspace conflicts
Is Environmentally Friendly
Slide 10

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Airbus ProSky Corporate Presentation 29/06/2014

PERFORMANCE-BASED NAVIGATION

Benefits in terms of ATC

• Safety culture
• Fewer radio transmissions
• Less chance of readback/hearback errors
• Greater predictability
• Airspace Containment
• Fewer go-arounds
• Less transit occupancy time in airspace
• Changing Roles and Responsibilities
• Best practices involving stakeholders in design

Slide 11

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Airbus ProSky Corporate Presentation 29/06/2014

PERFORMANCE-BASED NAVIGATION

PBN Documents:
Doc 9613 – Performance-based Navigation Manual
Doc 9931 – Continuous Descent Operations (CDO) Manual
*Doc 9992 – Manual on the Use of Performance-based
Navigation (PBN) in Airspace Design
*Doc 9993 – Continuous Climb Operations (CCO) Manual
*Doc 9997 – Performance-based Navigation (PBN) Operations
Approval Manual
*advance copies restricted to States on ICAO-net

http://www.icao.int/safety/pbn/Pages/default.aspx

Slide 12

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
 PBN Overview

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
PERFORMANCE-BASED NAVIGATION

• Area navigation based on

performance requirements
for aircraft operating along
an ATS route, on an
instrument approach
procedure or in a designated
airspace. (ICAO Doc 9613)

Slide 14

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
PERFORMANCE-BASED NAVIGATION CONCEPT

• PBN specifies SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

REQUIREMENT for aircraft operating on air traffic routes or
instrument approach procedures, in a designated airspace.

• The performance requirements are defined in term of

accuracy, integrity, continuity and availability

• and ALSO In term of FUNCTIONALITIES

• Display
• ARINC 424 leg…

Slide 15

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
COMPONENTS OF PBN CONCEPT

33
NAVIGATION
APPLICATION

2 PBN 1
1
NAVIGATION NAVAID
SPECIFICATION INFRASTRUCTURE

16/3
Slide 16
© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
NAVIGATION APPLICATION

• A NAVIGATION APPLICATION is the application of

a NAVIGATION SPECIFICATION and associated
NAVAID INFRASTRUCTURE to ATS routes,
instrument approach procedures and/or defined
airspace volume in accordance with the Airspace
Concept.

• Example in Terminal area

• Navigation Specification : RNAV1 (1 Nm of accuracy)
• Navaid infrastructure: GNSS or DME/DME
Reference : PBN Manual vol I §1.4

Slide 17

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

ØFMS capabilities are integral part of PBN

ØEnables aircraft to fly RNAV or RNP procedures

Slide 18

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
RNAV DEFINITION

RNAV stands for Area Navigation

RNAV : Capability to fly any desired flight path, defined by
waypoints such as geographic fixes (LAT/LONG) and not
necessarily by ground navaids
Ground
navaids

Waypoint

RNAV capability is linked to aircraft on-board equipments

(RNAV systems)

RNAV is a method of navigation allowing for the

definition of more direct routes
Slide 19

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
RNAV-SOME CLARIFICATIONS

ØThe RNAV navigation concept is not new

• This method of navigation has been in use for many years
• Most of the aircraft are RNAV capable

ØAn RNAV route can be flown using different navigation sensors:

• IRS
• VOR-DME
• DME-DME
• GNSS (GPS)

All Performance Based Navigation (PBN) is based on RNAV

Slide 20

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
WHY PBN

Conventional Route Following VOR’s

Slide 21

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
WHY PBN

PBN Route Using Waypoints

Slide 22

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
PBN APPROACH - FLEXIBILITY IN DESIGN

Slide 23

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
NAVIGATION SPECIFICATION

ICAO 9613 figure I-A-1-2

Slide 24

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
PERFORMANCE

Performance described in terms of accuracy value.

RNAV[x] or RNP[x] where [x] is the accuracy value

in nm.
Examples:

• RNAV 5 = 5nm either side of centerline

• RNP 1 = 1nm either side of centerline

• RNP 0.3 = 0.3nm either side of centerline

Slide 25

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
NAVIGATION SPECIFICATION

Two types of navigation specifications exist

RNP = RNAV + OPMA (On-board Performance Monitoring and Alerting)

Slide 26

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
RNAV and RNP

RNP 1
RNAV 1 Alert to Pilot

1 Nautical Mile 95% of flight time

Track Centerline

1 Nautical Mile 95% of flight time

RNP is not different from RNAV: it is more than RNAV

The Key Extra Ingredient:

On-Board Performance Monitoring and Alerting
Slide 27

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
ROLE OF OPMA

• Allows flight crew to determine whether the airborne system

meets the navigation performance required.

• Relates to lateral and longitudinal performance but not vertical.

• Provides greater assurance of lateral track keeping.

Slide 28

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
RNP

RNP is RNAV with the additional requirement of On

Board Performance Monitoring and Alerting

Slide 29

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
RNP AR DEFINITION

RNP AR stands for Authorization Required (ICAO wording), equivalent to RNP

SAAAR (ex-FAA wording)
An RNP AR procedure has one of the following characteristics:

§ Reduced RNP values lower than 0.3 in approach (down to 0.1 NM) or lower than 1 NM
in missed approach and/or departure;

§ Curved flight path after FAF ( RF legs);

§ Reduced obstacle protections, at 2xRNP, without buffers

ARC CENTER FIX

Slide 30

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
PBN REQUIREMENTS: LEVELS OF QUALIFICATION

EQUIPMENT
LEVEL
APPROVAL
NAVIGATOR BOX
Ø GPS could be a sensor in multi-sensor
e.g. GPS of type ABC system or a self-contained and stand-alone
navigator;

AIRCRAFT
LEVEL Ø Installation approval on aircraft against an
APPROVAL NAVIGATOR BOX EASA AMC or FAA AC which includes an
e.g. GPS installed in
operational context e.g. RNAV 5;
aircraft

OPERATOR
LEVEL Ø For the aircraft installation to be used
APPROVAL by pilot, operational approval needed.
NAVIGATOR BOX + Ø Operational Approval is concerned with
e.g. GPS installed in
aircraft training, flight crew procedures, quality,
database management, etc.

Slide 31

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
 NAVIGATION SPECIFICATION BY FLIGHT PHASE
4. Advanced RNP also permits a range of scalable RNP lateral navigation
7. beyond
The
En-route
Terminal
Approaches:
1.
2.
3.
6. the
latest
Only
RNAV
There
RNPinitial
Arrivals:
Departures:
continental:
0.3
applies
edition
are
5
30RNP
and
is
isNM
two
an
applicable
intermediate
of
RNAV
once
APCH
from
en-route
sections
the
RNAV
50m
PBN
the
5,(LNAV),
RNAV
toairport
5,
navigation
2,
to
(40m
Manual,
RNP
RNAV
segments
the2,
RNP
Cat
RNP
APCH
reference
RNAV
2,
1,
ICAO
H)
specification
APCH
RNAV
Advanced
APCH
of
obstacle
Part
1,Doc
instrument
point
Advanced
(LNAV/VNAV),
A
1,
specification;
.9613
RNP
Different
RNP,
clearance
(ARP),
which
contains
2,approach
RNP,
RNP
Advanced
the
may
angular
Part
RNP
has
1RNP
accuracy
be
navigation
and
been
A
procedures
APCH
used
1,
performance
is
RNP
RNP
and
enabled
achieved
value
for
and
(LPV)
0.3
RNP
specifications
the
(for
RNP
and
for
by
initial
0.3
and
after
alerting
helicopters
GNSS
the
0.3
(for
RNP
part
missed
the
(for
and
that
AR
of a
Enroute
3.
5.
8. The
cover:
helicopters
only)
APCH
RNP1–0.3
accuracies
Optional
The RNP
approach
becomes
start of
STAR
Baro
requirements
VNAV,
outside
only)
climb.
2after
NM.
–
Oceanic/Remote:
Part
are
the
see
specification
requires
30 NM
the
specification
initial
is PBN
higher
RNAV
applicable
B isand
limited
enabled
climb
above
Manual,
continuity.
is 10,
primarily
RNP
to use4,
tophase;
by
RNP
MSA.
SBAS.
Vol.
intended
on
RNP 2 II.,
STARs, for Part C,
andhelicopter
APCH Part B only.
SIDs,
Advanced Chapter
RNP 4, paragraph
operations.
4.3.3.3.4.
Flight phase
Navigation
Specification
En-route En-route Arrival Approach Departure
oceanic/remote Continental Initial Intermediate Final Missed 1

RNAV 10 10

RNAV 5 2 5 5

RNAV 2 2 2 2

RNAV 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

RNP 4 4

RNP 2 2 2

RNP 1 3 1 1 1 1 1

Advanced RNP 4 25 2 or 1 1 1 1 0.3 1 1

RNP APCH 6 1 1 0.3 7 1

RNP AR APCH 1-0.1 1-0.1 0.3-0.1 1-0.1

RNP 0.3 8 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Slide 32

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
PBN – ADVANCED RNP

ICAO State Letter SP 65/4-13/24

Proposes amendments to:

• PANS-OPS, Volume I
• PAN-OPS Volume II
• Annex 4
• Annex 6, Parts I, II and III
• Annex 14, Volume II
• Annex 15
• PANS-ABC

Applicable on 13 November 2014

Slide 33

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
PBN – ADVANCED RNP

A-RNP + options

Optional
Performance/Functionality
RNP Scalability
RNP 2 oceanic/remote
Fixed Radius Transition (FRT)
A-RNP Time of Arrival Control
Barometric VNAV

RF legs RNAV 5
Parallel offset
RNAV holding RNAV 2

RNP APCH RNAV 1

RNAV 10
RNP 2 RNP 1
RNP 4
Final approach: RNP 0.3
Slide 34

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
 35
PBN ENABLES THE AIRSPACE CONCEPT

Airspace Concept

COM NAV SUR ATM

NAVIGATION
APPLICATION

NAVIGATION
PBN NAVAID
SPECIFICATION INFRASTRUCTURE

Slide 35

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
 NAVIGATION SPECIFICATION BY FLIGHT PHASE

OCEANIC / Enroute Remote (nonSUR)

RNAV 10, RNP 4, RNP 2, Advanced RNP 2

RNAV 1/2 &

RNAV 1/2 & RNP 1 STARs RNP Approach
RNAV 5/2/1
RNP 1 SIDs ARNP 1 STARs RNP-AR Approach
RNP 2
ARNP 1 SIDs
Advanced RNP 2 or 1
Enroute Continental

Slide 36

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Airbus ProSky Corporate Presentation 29/06/2014

2007 - ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION A36-23: PBN GLOBAL GOALS

The Assembly:

1. Urges states to implement RNAV and RNP air traffic services(ATS) routes and approach
procedures in accordance with the ICAO PBN concept laid down in the PBN Manual
(Doc 9613).
2. Resolves that:
a) States and planning implementation regional groups (PIRGs) complete a PBN
implementation plan by 2009 to achieve:
1) Implementation of RNAV and RNP operations (where required) for en route
and terminal areas according to established timelines and intermediate
milestones; and
2) Implementation of Approach Procedures with Vertical guidance (APV) (Baro-
VNAV and/or augmented GNSS) for all instrument runway ends; either as a
primary approach or as a back-up for precision approaches by 2016 with
intermediate milestones as follows: 30 percent by 2010, 70 percent by 2014;
and
b) ICAO develop a coordinated action plan to assist states in implementation of PBN...

Slide 38

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Airbus ProSky Corporate Presentation 29/06/2014

2010 – ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION A37-11: PBN GLOBAL

GOALS
*Supersedes A36-23
The Assembly:

1.Urges states to implement RNAV and RNP air traffic services(ATS) routes and approach
procedures in accordance with the ICAO PBN concept laid down in the PBN Manual (Doc
9613).
2.Resolves that:
a) States complete a PBN implementation plan as a matter of urgency to achieve:
1) Implementation of RNAV and RNP operations (where required) for en route and
terminal areas according to established timelines and intermediate milestones;
2) Implementation of Approach Procedures with Vertical guidance (APV) (Baro-
VNAV and/or augmented GNSS), including LNAV (Lateral Navigation) only minima,
for all instrument runway ends; either as a primary approach or as a back-up for
precision approaches by 2016 with intermediate milestones as follows:
30 percent by 2010, 70 percent by 2014; and
3) implementation of straight-in LNAV-only procedures, as an exception to 2) above,
for instrument runways at aerodromes where there is no local altimeter setting
available and where there are no aircraft suitably equipped for APV operations
with a maximum certificated take-off mass of 5 700 kg or more
b) ICAO develop a coordinated action plan to assist states in implementation of PBN..

Slide 39

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Airbus ProSky Corporate Presentation 29/06/2014

ICAO STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES 2014-2016

ICAO has established five Strategic Objectives for 2014-

2016:

1. SAFETY
2. AIR NAVIGATION CAPACITY AND EFFICIENCY
3. SECURITY AND FACILITATION
4. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF AIR TRANSPORT
5. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Slide 40

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
WORLDWIDE FLIGHT ROUTES

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Airbus ProSky Corporate Presentation 29/06/2014

WHY A PBN PLAN

Why is the PBN Implementation Plan or Roadmap needed?

• To implement the regional PBN plans at the State level and address
PBN implementation strategy at the national level

• To provide proper guidance and direction to the domestic air navigation

service provider(s), airspace operators and users, regulating agency,
as well as foreign operators who operate or plan to operate in the State
Ø Assist the main stakeholders plan a gradual transition to the RNAV and
RNP concepts
Ø Assist the stakeholders in planning their investment strategies during the
future transition

• The benefits of PBN only come with implementation

Slide 42

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Airbus ProSky Corporate Presentation 29/06/2014

HOW TO PBN PLAN

This PBN Implementation Workshop is intended to assist

States/Administrations in enhancing their PBN Implementation Plans and
move forward with actual PBN executions.

The Workshop will also provide updated information regarding global PBN
activities and how PBN can be an enabler for enhancing ATM operations.

END

Slide 43

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
 44
Advanced RNP

• A-RNP is based upon GNSS

• ANSPs should ensure operators relying on GNSS are required to have the means to
predict the availability of GNSS fault detection (e.g. ABAS RAIM)
• Operator procedures, maintenance, dispatch and other operations processes that
satisfy the A-RNP criteria will be considered acceptable for RNAV 1, RNAV 2, RNAV
5, RNP 2, RNP 1 and RNP APCH Part A.
• An A-RNP aircraft qualification can be more broadly applicable to multiple
navigation specifications without the need for re-examination of aircraft eligibility.
This enables an operator’s approved procedures, training, etc to be common to
multiple navigation applications.
• The RNP system should provide the ability to intercept the final approach at or
before the final approach fix. This functional capability must provide the pilot with
the ability to rejoin the published final approach track following a period when the
aircraft has been flown manually, or in AFCS Heading mode, following ATC vectors
to support Final Approach Sequencing.

© AIRBUS Operations S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.