SD. coef of 5-P-= Mean Variance = (S.D,)2 or S.D. = \Variance r EXERCISE (E) 1, Compare the SE series in respect of their dispersion based on quartiles: Length (in inc > 5B 56 62 61 63 64 65 59 62 65 55 Weight GnIbs) -:-‘117_-‘112 127 123 125 130 106 119 121 132 108 [Ams. Q.D. Coeff. = 0.049 for len, 063, i r th, QD. Coeft wei 2. Tefilowing table gives the figures of wages earned 1S workers oftwo factories, = at aa mean deviation from median and state which has greater variability Factory A : 45 47 47 «49 «(50 50 68 59 60 Factory B : 40 42 45 47 «50 51 64 55 BT = 50, By = 4.38, l= 0.0866 oF 8 68%, Ma = 60, Su = 4.78, = 0,0956 or 9.56%. Factory B has greater variability in wages] MB 4 Calculating standard deviation and coefficient of dispersion of the following tro series compare the variability of these two : A : 4 te 18 25 32 : 21 28 35 42 49 Lana. o4 =9.9, 05 = 9.9; VA= 0.55, Ve= 0.28, Series A has greater variability] 4. Which of the series is more consistent ? B %, ee 5a 0, 8, O82 SL 48 a 1 5s 7 89 46 «85 M8 (68 Y = L, Vy =0.25, Sories X is more consistent] #56, ox = 11.7, Vara 21: ¥ = 68,07 Tg and Bin 10 geros of innings fT two batsmen. wing are the scores made by two n 10 ser Who is better sun getter on the average ? Whois mire ‘consistent ? a o w 15 6 13 7 19 «U9 360 (84 2 c @ 12 1% «42 4 5 37 48 2 a = i 1, Va = 88.66%, Vs = 84.15%, Una. Xa= 50, Ko ~264 Ai bata om vant Yas 2h ® Share values of cloth and coal are as follows. Calculate the coefficient of varia- of dot tions: fo amg 183. 184 195 211 217 282 240 Clots: 188 178 173 164 ie 7 130 «137 40 ee 9 120 127 o vl: 181 190 100, ce 28 pve aat Xt ho 79, Van a , ret a1= 288 V2 Ease aro moe raat compare the heights of urban eitzen 804 Pe aren in the given below with eights of ul the help of coefficient of variation *416 Height 67 65 Urban Children 3 doeay Rural Children : 2 6 11 2 33 46 26 29 46 lana, For urban children, X= 64,0 1.86, v9.94 For rural children, X= 65, t o= 181, yaa 8. Which of the following two series A and B is more variable ? ‘Weekly Salary (in ®) ap Oars 5-10 18 20 10-15 30 35 1520 25 30 20-25 20 18 25—30 15 7 lAns. Va = 63.95%, Vp = 49.73%, Series A is more variable] 9. The following data are related with the mileage of two types of tyres No. of Byres Life (in kam) pee Tee 20,000—22,000 230 200 22,000—24,000 270 27 24,000—26,000 450 470 26,000—28,000 375 300 28,000—30,000 125, 155, (G) Which of the two types gives a higher average life? Gi) If the price of these two types are same which one will you prefer and why ? Since Vp is less than Va, typo B is more reliable] SOME IMPORTANT QUESTIONS Range, Quartile deviation and Mean Deviation 1. Calculate Range from the following series Vile 2 4-100) -a 8 oo 7 gg 0 (Ans, Range = 2 Calculate Quartile Deviation and Mean Deviation from the foll lowing data : Month ss 8, 8, Ae Bi, 6 ot 8 8 10 Le Income : 50 30 25 44 48 51 55 60 42 35 28 40 (Ans. @.D. =9.75, MD.=9) 8. Calculate mean deviation from mean from the following table: Serial No. Mie Boi iD tae otelct Oyeate; eo Weight (kg) + 60 62 65 687 60 61 64 65 67 tAns, X= 59, 5= 4.89) 4 Calculate Coefficient of Quartile Deviation from the following data Age : 15 18 WIT dey ag’' go | No. of Students — : 4 6 10 1% ww 9 ina . lAns. Q1 = 17,3 = 19, C. of QD. = 00 Find out Mean Deviation from Mean and Median of the following data : Size A Oe ot a oe Frequency : 2 1 3 6 4 Sy Ans. X = 10.2, 5¢= ‘ § Find out Quartile Deviation and Mean Deviation from the toliowting data Size + 68 59 60 61 62 63 4 65 66 Frequency + 16 20 82 95 93 92 22 10 8 [Ans. @.D. «1.6, 84> 1-78)DISPERSION Ab NAN TS MEASURES a ~ ate Gi) Median Coefficient of Di t cae (pMellowing data: >'SPerion and (ii) Mean Co-efficiont of Disper- 5 4 6 ire () 8 0 Ww si o gM gion serena 1A went) : rea (Ans. (i) M= 8, 3u = 8.24, C. of Bx = 0.408, (i) X= 9.71, b= 4.82, C. 8: culate Mean Deviation from Arithmetic Mean of the falloning dat. cal : a Se uency i 2 Mg Bt BAB, ot BD Calculate Mean Deviation from the following data (Ans. X= 21.6, M.D. = 7.84) * ages Below : 2% 5080) 110s 150-200-300 No.of Workers ; * 10 200 40 «50s 56S 80 eae : tans. M 40.42) celeulate Quartile Deviation and its coofficient from the following data : ; 10—20 20-80 3040 40-50 50-60 60—70 1 Class Prequency : 8 5 15 10 4 2 : tAns. Q.D.= 7.54, C of QD. = 0.195 1, Caleulate Mean Pent from Arithmetic Mean loo following data : under (years) : 10 20 30 50 60 70 80 NE ofPamities > 15 28 «= 53. 902125130 Ped : (Ans. 5= 16.371 1, Compute Mean Deviation and its coefficient from Mean and Median in the following series : Marks More than 5 15 25 385 45 55 65 75 85 No. of students 100 97 89 74 54 29 19 10 4 (Ans. X= 47.6, 8 = 14.99, C. of x= 0.315, M = 46.6, 5y¢= 15.07, C. of 8u = 0.323] 18, Calculate Interquartile Range and Percentile Range from the following data : Year : 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80—100 No. of Persons 4 10 16 20 n (Ans. LQ. = 34.67, PR. = 65.1) U4, Calculate Coefficient of Quartile Deviation from the following data : Mid-Value to eg BS ko ee BG to 2 9 I WW 20 2 20 6 5 2 ay [Ans. C. of Q.D. = 0.266) 1B, Caleulate Coefficient of Quartile Deviation from the following data : 20-29 30-39 40—49 50-59 60—€69 70—79 rag : 6 42 : 306 «182d aid [Ans. Q1 = 26.07, Qs = 47.49, C. of QD. = 0.29) 16. Calculate Mean deviation from median and its coefficient : “i Marks Above eRwois 3G “e180 40 60 ~ : bo 20 10 5 0 Se oe ° bas a 2 [Ans. M=30, 8 = 12, C. of 5=0.4) Deviation and Coefficient of Variation : i (ilaulate standard deviation and its evefiiont from te flowing datas No. (x) bo A ls Site IN, a : 50 54 55 55 88 80 &, ee 40 44 8B 9 y50, 0 5.404, C. of = 0.108) : = ut Coefficiont of Variation of the following values : i 7 2 - 8 ya 6,0= 245, CV. = 40.83%) % ed out Moan Deviation and Standard Deviation ofthe follow’ng 312° ee 95 99 «465 «20 4, $48 1 6 ey Compute Standard Deviation from the following data. If one it sdded fo seh ton ard, Deviation Foracted from each observation of Y-series, chen ‘het would be the revised value of standard deviationa8 = _ ~ BUSINESS STATISTICS _ Seaececene X-Series 6 fd e See 7 (Ang, sD. of X= 412, ¥ = .62,No Change in Aniwe ah, Caleulate Standard Deviation and Coefficient of Variation from the following © data: WA’ ae iy, 18, BL Galaga Bon 2 SD." 574, OV, ttn 22, Find out Mean Deviation from ‘Median and standard deviation from the following data, : a4 5-6 6-7 7-8 89 94 ie yt 47° "ee we 0 ey (Ans. X=7.1,6=0.91,0=1.15) jati i ita: Coefficient of Variation from the following dat = rae “Below 8 Below 16 824 Above 24 2°40 Above 40 Above 3 : 2 29 i : Ans, F= 28, 0= 14.17, CV. =50.615) ion and it i the following data 24, Calculate Standard Devation and its Coefficient from Wage ® tam Gand Above 36-36 24—30 18-26 12-18 6—12 Belows No. of Persons : 6 Ok 18 mpiitBatt 204 ied! 10 [Ans X= 19.8,0=9.71,Cofo=0.49) Find out standard deviation and coefficient of variation from the following data : Marks + 0-10 10—20 20—30 3040 40-50 50—60 60—70 70-80 No. ofStudente :.0° Bw) 110. FaR0i( ba woinSO4t 20% 10d [Ans. X = 20.39,5 = 15.69,C.V. = 99.834] 26. Calculate coefficient of variation from the following series : Marks Below 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 No. of Students 25 40 «60 75 95 125 190 240 [Ans. X= 49.58, = 23.45, C.V. = 47.32) 27. Compare dispersion in per capita expenditure among the two groups of families given below : Expenditure PP. g 5080 80—110 110—140 140—170 170—200 200—230 No. of Families A 20 290 380 200 60 30 No. of FamiliesB: 40 280 400 190 50 10 [ Ans. C.V. of (A) = 24.648, (B) = 23.59%) 28. Calculate standard deviation and its coefficient from the following data Marks Below : 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 No. of Students : 5 12 20 23 41 47 50 lAns. X= 33.6, 6 = 16.73, C. of 6= 0:50) 29. Caleuate Coofcint of Variation from the fllowing data: ly Income (®) + 1824 24-80 30—36 3642 4248 4854 No. of Persons : 13 18 26 15 1 Jl i lAns. X = 33.93, 0 =8.71, CV. = 25575) (Compute Standard Deviation and Coefficient of Variation from the following i's ee OO ee ee = 454 Find the Range, Quartile Deviati tape oat oP CU cai Wi ani tartile Deviation, Mean Deviation and Cefficient of Varito™ Me ey : 0-10 10—20 20—30 30—40 40—50 50—60 60—1 naa : 2 iz 9 i = 8 6 alee auine Frequency = 7,R =70,@D. = 19.9, by = 1422, mracgate Standard Deviation and its Coefficient from the following series Meee Tren 10 | 30,8) ah Bo 80, 70 20200 128 BO” gps! ag th gg 100 92 Find out Coeficient of Variation from the liseing ears ee 7 | 8897 88102 10.5:10.710 S412119-11711.8-122128.12.718 e334 4 6 3 (Ans. X= 11.09, 6 0.733,c¥.=65!81 31, 32,oo freliar manufacturer sy yw i pplies “the He * set laet e [ versity, aa or pap ais and samllest a ee S.D. and advise the a ae ; Y using the Cte ga Me shad make to moot HoofStudents 6: BB Bae as oe ge 3536 S78 Tana. Xe 4c 60 8035 From the measurement given below pre no2 "1.78, X= Jo = 9868, Kio ahs 55 elusive form, taking a regular eae rePete & frequency distribution table iy cing ont rom the table 20 pan interval of 2 units each, with 7 as your Dern § ze of calary ininchi en as anlgulate the Coefficient of Standard ws 159 82 tor {78 NO us w7 ws 72 70 130 150 170 jge 88 184 196 iba 90 47 (189 190 128 is7 gg ite ma tte . c ¥ e 13.6 Hints ; Class-interval 7—9....19—21 Thei ‘ Hea cual 0228) Hn Fagg, O21 Moe frequencies are 3, 5,8, 10,9, 3,2, = 40 oe From the following data related to amount as total wages per hour, (i) wha combined S.D. : : Fectory-A Number (N) = 200 Aver Facioy-B Number (V)=250 Average Wage perfiowe=$ 35 Yen 2g (Ans. (A) EX=€3,000, C.V. = 26.67%, (B) EX = 3,000, C.V. 25%, Combined @=9.79, Alo ing data rogarding the neck i both pay equal wages, A is more variable} . From the following data find out () combined average wage and SD. both the f . | wage and S.D. groups and (i) state which group is more consistent as regal wvasee GroupA Group B No. of Workers oj a ‘Average Monthly Wages 60 3 Variance 100 fa (Ans. Combined Mean = 53.45, S.D. = 12.64, C.V. of A= 16.67%, B = 24% Group A is more consistent) 88, Ina group of 100 observations the mean is 8 and c= 10.5, The Mean and S.D. of the 50 observations selected out of these 100 observations are 10 and 2 respective- ly. Find the mean and S.D. of the second half part. lAns.X=6,02=3) . Standard deviation of a series is 8. Calculate the following (a) Probable Error, () Modulus, (c) Precision, (d) Fluctuation, (e) Variance, TAs. (a) 5.83, (b) 11.312, (0.0884, () 128, (e 64) ‘THEORETICAL QUESTIONS Long Answer Type Questions 1, What do you understand by mean 2. What do you understand by dispersion’ a Whatis meant by dispersion ? ‘Explain i i S. : t Whatis co ads aeration? ‘Discuss the merits and demerits of quartile ition. 5. What do Deviation ? Discuss its merits and demerits : What are the algabrate propertlee ‘of Standard Deviation ? Why it evened as ‘uperior to other measures of dispersion ? What are its mano Tatuns a = ish between absolute and relative measures of disporsion- ite yyiation. . ated? 8. We Short note on Mean Devgoiyou construc it? What ar its uses 7 deviation ? Discuss its merits and demerits, "? What is the need of studying dispersion ? different methods of computing dispersion. plain with en , 1, imple. urve ? Also give limitations of Fow do you study dispersion through Lorenz © 1, (oren2 Curve, ofvarious. measures of dispersion. s relative merits and demeritt © yjation and standard! deviation os 4 ® Eiplain the merits and demerits of Measures of dispersion.~ BUSINESS STATISTICS tion ? How is standard deviation calcula B| 18. What is the concept of standard dew ‘2 What are its merits and demerits? 14, What is coefficient of variation ? Bxplain its usefulness with tho holp of a example, Short Answer Type Questions 1. What is meant by dispersion ? 2. Why dispersion is called average of the second order ? 3, Distinguish between absolute and relative mensures of dispersion ‘4, What is dispersion? Point out its different measures, 5. Discuss the demerits of Range. 6. Explain the characteristics of Inter- Quartile Range 7, What is coefficient of Quartile Deviation? &. What is Mean Deviation ? How is it calculated ? 9. What do you understand by Standard Deviation ? 10. What is coefficient of standard deviation? TL, What is SD. ? Why is it ideal and scientific measure ? 12. How combined S.D. is calculated ? 18. Discuss the mathematical properties of S.D. JE. Discuss the relationship between the different measures of dispersion. 15. Discuss the merits of standard deviation. 16. How can dispersion in a series be found out with the help of Lorenz curve ? 17. Find out R, QD. and M.D. from the following data : 15, 12, 9, 8, 6, 14, 10 [Ans R=9, QD.= 3.5 =257] 48. SD. of series is 7.5. Find out the variance and probable error. {Ans. Variance = 56.25, RE. =5:6] 04%] 120, Calculate coefficient of M.D. from Median from the following : M.D. from Median = 30, N = 40, X= 40, Median = 50 (Ans. 061 21. SD.=45,N=20,EX=250 Calculate coefficient of variation. (Ans. 36%] Objective Type Questions (A) Choose the correct option : 1. Algebraic sum of deviations from Mean is : (a) Negavite (b) Positive (© Zero (@ Different for each case 2. Sum of square of deviations is minimum when taken from : (@) Mean (b) Median (©) Mode (@ None of these 2. Measure of dispersion which is affected most by extreme observation is : (a) Range (b) QD. (MD. (a) SD. 4. For a normal distribution the range Mean + S.D. covers : (a) 65% (b) 68.26% (©) 85% (d) 95% of the items 5. The measure of dispersion is independent of frequencies of the given’ distribution (a) Range (b) QD. (MD. (@) SD. 6. For an approximately normal distribution : @Mp.=280. () MD. esp. comp.=$sp. (@) None of these i a all$s ON aOR ‘iation is — 7 aso deviation i caeulated on ho bese (a) Mean () Median ode (o. Migeries coefficient of variation © ANY Of these ina 8 Eonaard deviation will be : * %0, arithmetic mean = 40, the value of ws 6 08 (4) None of those 4, Te formula for measuring coefficient of variatonte @sp. %x100 O* sD. 4. aD. can be obtained from ; wo Mean (b) Median ) le @) “ {ra moderately asymmetrical distibatin eee deviation is equal (@) 45 MD (©) 28 QD. eet (@65QD. : (@) 5/4 MD. 1p, Plus (+) and Minus (-) signs are ignored while calculating . MD. @s.D, tt @Q D. eee a (d) In alll of these imum value i S 0 ee ies of a series are 50 and 0 respectively, the - +1 @-1 (@) None of these 1, 10%s the standard deviation of a series. All items of this series are multiplied by 5 and new series is made. The standard deviation of this new series will be : @2 b)5 (15 (@) 50 16, Ifarithmetic mean is 25 and 8.D. is 6.25, then coefficient of variation will be : (@) 50% (b) 20% (©) 25% (@ 30% 1% The standard deviation of a set of 50 items is 6.5. If every item is increased by 5, then the standard deviation will be : @us (6.5 15 (@ None of these T. Coefficient of range can be defined as : bos L+8 Oras OTs © ks @ Les 7. (a), 8. (0), 9.(@), 10, (@), 11. (2, 12. (a), ‘Ans. 1. (6), 2 (a), 8. (a), 4. (b),B. (a), 6. (c), Tue me 14, (d), 16. (©), 16. (b), 17. (@)) ue False statements : ss { tis necessary to cumulate the data before a Lorena curve can be dravn- 4, geticient of variation is expressed in same units 45 Une original data. : "fandard Deviation of a set of observation can be comp takin 4 ations from actual or assumed Arithmetic Mean. 5. gait Deviation can never be negative a 1 petbient of Range is an absolute measure of dispersion 7 Rangat be calculated only from Arithmetic Mean. 4 gf is the best measure of dispersion. . 1 aga be calculated from any statistical ever, \. ygebraic sum of deviations from the Mean is We" iation is least when calculated fromee BUSINESS STATINS 11. Variance is the square of Standard Deviation. 12. Mean, S.D. and C.V. have the same: units. 13. Relative measures of dispersion are independent of units of measurement of data, Ld. Standard Deviation can be negative. phat 15. The Standard ‘Deviation of the ‘combined series Jies between the Standard Deyig. tion of two component series. 7 16. The Mean of ‘the combined series lies between the Mean of the two component, — series. eu 17. Since 3X -X)=0, HEX =0 a 418. There is no difference between Coefficient of Deviation and Coefficient of Varia. tion. istributi MD. (about Mean). 19. Ina discrete distribution 8.D. 2 20. Range is indeterminate in open-end distribution. 20. Range ros of dispersion are called averages oF the second order. 32. Standard Deviation is square of variance, 3a. ance is 144, then Standard Deviation is 44 24, Range is a crude measure of dispersion. 24. Range ance of 10 observations is 4, their standard deviation is + 2 or ~ 2, Thee t True, 2 False, 8. True, 4. True, 8. False, 6 False, 7. False, 8. False ‘9. False, 10. True, 11. True, 12. False, 18, True, 14. False, 15. False, 16. True, Sears 18, False, 19. True, 20. True, 21. True, 22. False, 23. False, 24. ‘True, 25. False] (© Fill in the blanks : 1, Algebraic sum of deviation is zero from .......-- 2. The sum of absolute deviations is minimum from ........ 3, Standard Deviation is always ....... than ranges. 4. Standard Deviation is always ...... than Mean Deviation. 5, Standard Deviation is the ...... of variance. 6, All relative measures of dispersion are from units of measurement. Ans. 1. Mean, 2. Median, 3. Less, 4. Greater, 5. Square-root, 6. Tndependeat]DISPERSION AN D ITS MEASURES ~~ Caxsararion aceon) ean devation from mean and (ii . 7 wa O me the core of thecalge c ) mean deviation from median and their 0—160 160—170. A 16170 170-180 180-190 190—200 georé t wenY (Bilaspur, 2012) [Ans, "I - 9 3 fe GBilasps u = 171.2 Marks, d= 10.56 Marks, Coeff, 0.062 Gi) M = 172.8 Marks, br = 10.24 ; 3 Marks, .24 Marks, Coeff the data given below, find out coefficient of men iation fr , P10 jent of mean deviation from median peri naan oa aioe ears 7 0 10 2 30 40 50 60 70 16 of Patients + 200 180 150 100 50 30 10 O Gilaspur, 2007) (Ans. X = 31, 8x = 13, Coeff. = 0.419; M = 30, by = 13, Coeff. = 0.498] rind standard deviation and its coefficient from the following data : Life Gn hours) + 0-8 8-16 16-24 24-32 32-40 No.of Bulbs tod 5 10 12 2 (Ambikapur, 2010) [Ans. X= 21.25 hours, 0 =8.51 hours, Coofii. = 0.4) 4, Calculate standard deviation and coefficient of variation from the following data : Class : 0—10 10—20 20—30 30—40 4050 50—60 60—70 70—80 nwa 12 18 «6825S (Bilaspur, 2004) Ans, X = 40.435, ¢ = 17.26, C.V. = 42.69%) 5 Find mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation from the following data: Age (under) : 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 No. of Persons : 15 30 53 75 100 110 15 125 (Ravishankar, 2004) (Ans. X = 35.16, o = 19.76, V= 56.2%) 6 Explain the term Dispersion. Give the objectives of measurement of dispersion. What are the various methods of measuring dispersion? (Ambikapur, 2010) 1. The following data are available from the inquiry of retail shops in a small town regarding their profits : Profit or Less (000 8) No. of Shops _ 4-3) a ~3-(-2) 10 -2-CD 22 28 38 56 40 24 18 10 z [i a 10 eS in as (yi © compute the following 0) qu tee Profit earned by retail shops i Ene of variation oft profits tana Zot 128,00 208 0¥. 188.708 reainti2Ge monthly prices of tv shares are given below. Which share shows ity? ae 16 18 (8 OdD8 ' 2 wu w 2 18 * 185 154 163 109 100 @itaspur, 2008) (Ans. Vx = 19.18%, Vv = 1407 f 2 140 131 128 UB 6, ¥ greater stability in share]aed BUSINESS STATISTICS = - ‘0. The scoro of two batsmen A and B for 20 innings are a8 under. Which of the ty may be regarded as Lhe more consistent batsman? . f No, of Innings Scores A B 53 2 1 54 0 2 56 0 3 56 4 6 57 8 3 58 5 3 59 3 2 60 3 0 2 Bilaspur, 2010, 11; Jagdalpur, 2011) ont: Ka = 67-4, 04 =1.96, Va = 0.084 or 3.4%; Ro = 56.25, 05 = 1.61, Vp = 0.0286 or 2.86%, more consistent bastman B} 10. Calculate quartile deviation and its coefficient for the following data : Class > 0-6 6-12 12-18 18-24 24-30 Frequency : 8 10 12 9 6 Raipur, 2010) (Ans. QD = 6.325, Coefi. = 0.45]