ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res.

12(09), 449-452

Journal Homepage: -www.journalijar.com

Article DOI:10.21474/IJAR01/19474
DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/19474

RESEARCH ARTICLE
CONCEPTOF SAMANYA-VISHESHA SIDDHANT & IT’S ROLE IN DIFFERENT FIELD OF
AYURVEDIC CHIKISTA

Dr. Bhavana S. Dande1 and Dr. Shwetambari Sunil Bidgar2

1. Guide, Associate Professor, Department ofAyurvedSamhita and Siddhant, SSAM & H, Hirawadi, Nashik.
2. PG Scholar, Department of Ayurved Samhita and Siddhartha, SSAM & H, Hirawadi, Nashik.
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Manuscript Info Abstract
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Manuscript History Ayurveda, a holistic system of medicine originating in India,
Received: 15 July 2024 emphasizes the equilibrium of tridoshas, saptdhatus, and other essential
Final Accepted: 17 August 2024 entities for holistic health. The Samanya -Vishesha Siddhanta, a
Published: September 2024 fundamental principle, provide insights into the alteration of qualities
and quantities of Bhavpadarth, contributing to diagnosis and treatment.
The term Samanya means similarity or oneness or uniformity or the one
which causes increase in substance. While theterm Vishesha means
dissimilarity or separateness or non-uniformity or the one which causes
decrease in substance.

Copyright, IJAR, 2024, All rights reserved.

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Introduction:-
Ayurveda as a science of life not only useful for preventive purpose but also for curative purpose too. The aim of
Ayurveda is to maintain healthy individual and to cure diseases of diseased one. One cannot understand any science
without knowledge of its fundamental principles. Understanding the doshas, dhatus, agni, and other fundamental
concepts helps Ayurveda Scholars identify the root cause of diseases and design personalized treatment plans to
restore balance and health.

Ayurveda emphasizes preventive healthcare to maintain overall well-being. Studying the Siddhanta allows
individuals to understand their unique constitution (prakriti) and make informed lifestyle choices and dietary
decisions that support their natural balance and prevent diseases.

In shatpadarthas, Samanya is placed at fourth place as per philosophy & as per Ayurveda it is at first place. This
indicates importance of Samanya in ayurveda. Ayurveda being the treatment science in which the Samanya and
Vishesha are given almost priority SamanyaVishesha Siddhant is basic principle of Ayurveda.

The Samanya -Vishesha Siddhant is very important Siddhant of ayurveda because it plays a crucial role in
diagnosis, Treatment and management of various diseases. Samanya deals with general principles applicable to all
diseases and living beings, while Vishesha deals with specific principles relevant to individual diseases and patients.
By understanding these principles, Ayurveda scholars can accurately diagnose the root cause of a disease and
manifestation in a particular individual.

In Darshana the word Samanya is used for the meaning of ekatwakara on tulyarthata but in ayurveda it is used as the
cause of aggravation baes on the similarity in Dravya, Guna and karma. In the dhatukshayajaroga when the essential

Corresponding Author:-Dr. Bhavana S. Dande

Address:-Guide, Associate Professor, Department ofAyurvedSamhita and Siddhant, SSAM 449
& H, Hirawadi, Nashik.
ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 12(09), 449-452

components of the body are reduced, they are replaced in the form of ahara or aushadi to maintain the equilibrium of
body components based on the theory of Samanya.

Samanya and Vishesha Siddhant is explained by the acharya Charak in the dirghamjivitiyaadhyay of sutrasthana, He
says that Samanya is always the cause behind the vruddhi of any bhavpadarth and Vishesha is always a cause for the
kshay of any bhavpadarthprovided that theycomein contact to your body called as prakriti.

Acharya Charak mentioned one example that mamsa causes the vruddhi in mamsadhatu but this vruddhi will only be
possible when mamsa is consumed by the individual, mamsa will not be increase by one just seeing mamsa.

Samanya Siddhanta:
Types of Samanya:
Three types of Samanya are there
1. DravyaSamanya 2. GunaSamanya 3. KarmaSamanya
SamanyaVishesha Siddhant deals with the principles governing the alteration of qualities and quantities
oofbhavpadarth (Dravya, Guna and karma) by either augmentation of reduction. The word Samanya denotes growth
in bhavpadarth while Vishesha leads destruction in Dravya, Guna and karma.
1. Dravya Samanya means consuming the same Dravyaeg. Consumption of flesh increase mamsadhatu.
2. GunaSamanyameans consumption of Dravyas having same qualities i.e. milk and ghee improves quality of
shukradhatu since milk and ghee have same gunas as that of shukradhatu.
3. KarmaSamanyameans action or conduction that will increase the same quality e.g. sleeping increases kapha
since nidra as karma possess predominance of kapha.

Importance Of Samanya in Ayurveda:

As per Ayurveda, prakriti&shareera the Samanya is present. In prakritisurya, Chandra and anila are present in the
same way Vata, Pitta & Kapha are present in the body.

Bahyadravya are panchbhaoutikaandshareera is also Panchbhoutika.

The theory of Samanya evolved to compensate the decreased factors of the body by incorporating them from the
external world either in the form of ahara or aushadhi to keep the equilibrium or healthy state of the body.

The decreased factors of the body are in the three forms structural, qualitative & functional hence Samanya is
explained under three heads as Dravya, Guna & karma respectively.

The physical items are grouped on the basis of Samanya as partheyaapya, tejasa, vaayavya and nabhasa. Based on
rasa 6types of madhuradiras,based upon veeryaushna-sheeta based upon vipakaMadhura-amla-katu, based
onaushadiDeepana, paachana, raktastambhana etc. are narrated. Hence in kshaya of any factor of the body the same
relevant factor can be given in form of ahara or aushadi to keep the health normal, these treatment principles are
based on theory of samanya.

Vishesha Siddhanta:
The Vishesha is placed fifth by philosopher & second by Ayurveda. Its great role in Ayurveda like Samanya as
being the science of treatment. The vaisheshika philosophy has got its name as they are the only one who have
narrated Visheshapadartha initially.It’s proving its importance in shat padartha by being with Samanya. It gives the
knowledge of particularly among the things. It is the cause of reduction or loss. It is the distinguishing factor by
which it is identified that peculiarity is known as Vishesha. It is nitya&antyapadartha. The peculiar factor of
sajateeyaDravya by which it is identified is known as Vishesha. Ayurveda being the science dealing with treatment,
need to reduce the aggravated factors of body components by giving opposite structural, qualitative or functional
things in the form of ahara or aushadi. It is based on the theory of Vishesha.

Types of Vishesha
It is of three types as-
1.DravyaVishesha 2.GunaVishesha 3.KarmaVishesha
1.Dravya Vishesha-Reduction of aggravated kapha by tikta, katu&kashaya rasas.

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Reduction of aggravated pitta by amalaki&madhura,tikta,kashayarasas.Reduction

ofaggravated vata by sneha,madhura,amla,lavana rasas.Reduction ofdravyatmakadoshas from the body by
utilizing Visheshadravya or viruddha rasa is known as DravyaVishesha.

2.Guna Vishesha-
Ushnaguna is Vishesha to sheetaguna, guruguna is Vishesha to laghugunas.Invataprakoparukshalaghu&sheetagunas
are aggravated, they are reduced by the usage of snehadravya for
having sneha,guru&ushnagunayuktadravya.In Kaphaprakopa the sthita,guru,sheeta, are increased,they are reduced
by the usage of sara,laghu,ushna&Vishadagunayukta dravya.In Pitta prakopaushna,Tikshna,sara,laghugunas are
aggravated,they are reduced by usage of sheeta,mrudu,sthira&gurugunayukta dravyas. Reduction
of gunaatmakadosha from the body by utilizing Vishesha gunadravya is known as guna Vishesha.

3.Karma Vishesha –
The dosha of the body are reduced by performing opposite karma is known
as karmaVishesha. Kaphavriddhi reduces by vyayaama,vatavruddhi reduces by rest,Pitta vriddhi reduces
by Sangeetashravana.Gurutwa of body is reduced by exercise & manoroga is reduced by yoga sadhana etc.

Importance Of Vishesha in Ayurveda:

1. Particularity or distinguishing factor or peculiarity the word itself denotes something special than normal.
2. The important features of dravya are highlighted with Visheshaguna only.
3. The Vishesha of dravya means the prabhava.
4. The Vishesha gives the knowledge of dissimilarities of dravya,roga,chikitsa etc.
5. Vishesha is the cause for bhedajnana, classification,based on variations.
6. It is base for differential diagnosis or assessments.
7. To assess the paratwa of everything Vishesha is the cause.
8. The main principle of treatment is reducing the aggravated principles of body by giving Dravya
Vishesha,gunaVishesha& Karma Visheshachikista only.
9. Vishesha is the principle of treatment.

Samanya as Chikitsa
ShukraKshaya can be treated usingdravya possessing responsible for Vriddhisuch as; Kshira and Ghrita
possessingMadhur, Shita and Snigdha Guna.MutraKshaya can be relived using Ikshu,Varuni and Manda, these
Dravya offersMadhura, Amla and Lavana Rasa. PurishaKshaya can be managed usingdravya like; Kulmasha, Yava,
Shaka andKushukunda.VataKshaya can be manages usingdravya possessing Katu, Tikta, RukshaandLaghuGuna.
Pitta Kshaya needs to becontrol using Amla, Lavana, Katu, Ushnaand TikshnaDravyas. ShleshmaKshayamay be
treated using Snigdha, Guru,Madhur and PichhilaDravyas.

Vishesha as Chikitsa
The concept of Vishesha also helps to manage the Dosha predominance since opposite property of substances to that
of particular Dosha helps to pacify aggravated Doshas. Sadavidhupakrama are some activities such as; Langhana,
Rukshana, Snehana, Swedana, Brimhana and Stambhana, etc. which are based on Guna Vishesha and offers
therapeutic relief in many health ailments. TheSamshodhan and SamshamanaChikitsa also based on Vishesha
concept; these therapies detoxify body and utilize drugs of opposite properties to cure particular diseases.

Discussion:-
The principle of similarities and dissimilarities described as SamanyaVishesha Siddhanta in ayurveda and this
principle helps greatly towards the management of various pathological conditions. SamanyaVishesha principles
physician to plan treatment protocol with choosing specific food, activities, lifestyle and medicines, etc for particular
type of disease. This concept contributed greatly for selecting Shodhan and Shaman therapy. The similarity and
dissimilarity of substances or activities increase and decrease the property of bhavpadarth respectively.

Theseeffectscontributed towards the therapeutics responses of substance and suppress pathological progression of
diseases.

Samanya and Vishesha play important role in maintaining equilibrium of vitiated doshas.

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The six stages of the diseaseaggravation of Sanchay, prakopa, prasara, sthansanshraya, vyakti and bheda. These all
stages arise due to enhancement (Samanya) aggregating factors thus opposite (Vishesha) treatment is used to prevent
pathological progression of diseases.

Abhyanga and Vyayama used as treatment methods for Vata and Kapha diseases as karma Vishesha. Srotasavikrut i
can be cured using Ahara and Vishara which are opposite to causes of Srotodusti.

Conclusion:-
Any disturbance in doshas, dhatus and malas is leads to disease and equilibrium of these leads to health. This
process is done by the Vriddhi and Kshaya in Dhatus. This process can be normalized by the continuous uses of
similar and dissimilar Bhavas which is possible by Samanya-Vishesha Siddhanta.

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