PROCEDURE:

1 FIRE PROTECTION DESIGN:

a. Determine the sprinkler Occupancy Hazard
i. Light Hazard
ii. Ordinary Hazard (Group 1)
iii. Ordinary Hazard (Group 2)
iv. Extra Hazard (Group 1)
v. Extra Hazard (Group 2)

b. Determine the number of risers to be used

Maximum floor area on any one floor is:
i. LH- 4,831 m2/ riser
ii. OH- 4,831 m2/ riser
iii. EH- 3716 m2/ riser
iv. High Piled Storage- 3716 m2/ riser

c. Determine the type of Design to be used

i. Pipe Schedule Method- for renovation/expansion of existing room layout

ii. Hydraulically Design Method

d. Layout the sprinkler heads

Identify the Piping configuration to be used (location of Fire pump &

e. Risers)
i. Tree Piping Configuration
ii. Looped System
iii. Gridded System

f Perfrom Hydraulic Calculation.

2 Hydraulic Calculation Procedure

 Look for the Sprinkler Coverage (Maximum Protection Area) as per type of
a. Hazard, As (ft2/sprinkler)

b. Look for Sprinkler Spacing (Maximum Spacing) as per type of Hazard, S (ft)
c. Solve for the Distance between branchine line
Lb (ft)= As/ S
d Look for the Area of Sprinkler Operation (y-Axis), A (ft2)
Look for the Density (Dk) corresponding to type of hazard (X-Axis), A
e. (gpm/ft2)
f Choose nominal K-factor, K (gpm/psi^0.5)
g. Solve for Remote Sprinkler Flow Rate, Qs (gpm)
Qs= Dk (As)
h Solve for the Residual Pressure (Pr) on Remote Sprinkler, psi
Pr=(Qs/K)^2
i. Solve for Number of Sprinkler that will operate at the same time, Ns
Ns= A/As
j. Solve for Number of Sprinkler on one branchline that will operate, Nb
Nb= 1.2 (A)^0.5 / S
k. Solve for the Total number of Sprinkler heads, Nt
Nt= Floor Area/ As

3 Detailed Hydraulic Calculations

a. Assign nodes from the farthest sprinkler to the Fire Pump
b. Initial Flowrate, Qi (gpm)
i. Identify flow of farthest sprinkler, Qi = Qs (for first node)
c. Pipe Diameter, inch
i. Assign Nominal Pipe Diameter to branchline, crossmains, feedmains,
risers, main header, Dn
ii. See inside diameter equivalent, Di
d. Pipe and Fitting Equivalent Length, ft
i. Estimate the horizontal length of pipe from the layout, Lp (ft)
ii. Identify the fittings used for the pipe node and get the equivalent length
of the fittings, Lf (ft)
iii. Get the total length, Lt (ft)
Lt= Lp + Lf
e. Pressure, psi
i. Friction Loss, Pf
Pf= 4.52 Lt * Q^1.85 / [C^1.85 * Di^4.87]

ii. Elevation Head, Pe

Pe= 0.4431 h

iii. Minimum Pressure Requirement (Residual Pressure) , Pr

iv. Total Pressure, Pt

Pti= Pf + Pe + Pr (for first node only)
 Ptf= Pf + Pe + Pti (for the rest of the nodes)

f Final Flowrate, Qf (gpm), Total Flowrate, Qt (gpm), Qadj (gpm)

Qf = K (Pt2)^0.5
Qt=Qi+ Qf

Qadj = Ql(Ph/Pl)^0.5

g. Repeat procedures 3b to 3f for the next node

h. Final Qf and Final Pressure (Ptf) are the specification of the Fire Pumps

For Fire Pump, Q & TDH:

i. Round up Flowrate (Q) to divisble a value divisible by 50.
i ii. Round up Final Pressure (TDH- total dynamic head) to divisible by 10.

For Jockey Pump, Q & TDH:

i. GPM capacity of Jockey Pump is 1 size lower than the capacity of 1
spinkler (Qs). Or, round down Qs by divisble by 5 to get the gpm capacity
of the Jockey pump.
j. ii. Add 10 psi to Fire Pump's TDH to get the Jockey Pump TDH.

Motor Rating of Fire Pump and Jockey Pump:

i. Multiply the Flow, Q (in m3/s) and TDH (in kPa) to get the Water Power.
ii. Divide the Water Power by Pump and Motor Efficiencies (65%, 90%-
k. usuall values) to get the Motor Rating.

Compute for the Fire Tank by multiplying Q (gpm) to the allowable time
required per Occupancy:
i. t= 30 minutes for Light Hazard
l. ii. t= 60 minutes for Ordinary Hazard

Use Horizontal Split Case Fire Pump if Fire Tank is located above or same
level with the Pump
m. Use Vertical Turbine Fire Pump if Fire Tank is below the pump centerline.
Reference: Remarks:

LH: Schools, Churches, Hospitals, Residential Units, Restaurants, etc

OH1: Automobile showrooms, Bakeries, Laudries, Restaurants Service
OH2: Agriculutral Facilities, Cereal Mills, Chemical Plants, Dry Cleaners
EH1: Die Casting, Metal Extruding, Textile, Vulcanizing, Plywood Manu
EH2: Asphalt Saturating, Flammable liquids spraying, Plastics processin

PS: 1in- 2 sprinklers

1.25in - 3 sprinklers
1.5in - 5 sprinklers
2in - 10 sprinklers
2.5in - 30 sprinklers
3in - 60 sprinklers
3.5- 100 sprinklers

i. Distance between Sprinklers (LH & OH): 1.8m to

4.6m
ii. Distance from wall to Sprinkler Head (LH & OH):
0.1m to 2.3m
iii. Use pendent type SH for rooms with Ceilings,
upright SH for open-ceiling rooms, Side wall SH in
corridors and Hallways

Reference (NFPA13): Remarks:

Table 8.6.2.2.1 (a) to (d): Protection Areas and a- Light Hazard, b-Ordinary Hazard, c- extra hazard,
Maximum Spacing d- high piled storage
Table 8.6.2.2.1 (a) to (d): Protection Areas and
Maximum Spacing

Figure 11.2.3.1.1 Debsity/Area Curves (Y-Axis)

Figure 11.2.3.1.1 Debsity/Area Curves (X-Axis)

Table 6.2.3.1 Sprinkler Discharge Characteristics

For open room space.

Reference:

See Item 2g

Refer to Table 23.5.2.2.1 and Table 23.5.3.4 for the

Pipe Schedule (Pipe Size vs No. of Sprinklers)
See separate Table

See Sprinkler Layout

Refer to Table 23.4.3.1.1 Equivalent Length

Using Hazen-Williams Friction loss formula Lt= total length (ft) from 3.d.iii;
initial Q (gpm) = Qs;
C= 120 (BI & GI Pipes); Refer to Table 23.4.4.7.1 Hazen- Di= inside diameter (in) from 3.c.ii
Willaim C-Values

h= elevation head (ft) from start of node to the end

of node.

See item 2h

Use of only Pr once or during the first node.

 Use the previous total Pressure drop in place of Pr
for the next nodes.

see item 2f

Qadj= flowrate adjustment for activated sprinklers

that are not on the longest path.
Ql= Flowrate in low pressure line = Previous
Flowrate in the node similar to Qadj, gpm
Ph= Pressure in high pressure line, psi
Pl= Pressure in low pressure line, psi

Qi of current node = Qf of previous node

Pti of current node = Ptf of previous node
K=0 for non sprinkler nodes
Qfhc= 50gpm or 100 gpm (flow rate of fire hose
cabinet.

Fire Pump: UL/FM Approved.

Jockey Pump: may be non-UL
 tial Units, Restaurants, etc
audries, Restaurants Service Area, Electronics, Beverage Manufacturing, etc.
Chemical Plants, Dry Cleaners, Distilleries, Exterior Loading Docks, etc
, Vulcanizing, Plywood Manufacturing, etc.
ds spraying, Plastics processing, Paint Dipping, etc.
Table 8.6.2.2.1 (a) to (d): Protection Areas and Maximum Spacing
page 56 pdf nfpa 13 2010 Light Hzard Ordinary Hazad 1 and 2
max distance from wall 1/2(Max Distance
max distance from wall (light,
ordinary) 2.3 2.3 m
min distance from wall 0.102 0.102 m
min distance between sprinklers 1.8 1.8 m
max distance between sprinklers 4.6 4.6 m

Hazard Occupancy: Floor Area: Total Number of Sprinklers Type of Sprinkler

Light Hazard 15 Pendent
Maximum Ceiling Temperature Temperature Rating Temperature Classification
38 °C 57°C to 77 °C Ordinary
Glass Bulb Color
Orange or Red
 Input Value in yellow shaded cell
Hazard Occupancies Light Hazard
Sprinkler Coverage, sq. ft.; As 225
Sprinkler Spacing,ft.; S 15
Distance Between Branchline, ft.; L 15.00
Area of Sprinkler in Operation, sq. ft. 1500
Density, gpm/sq. ft. 0.1
K Factor 5.6
Remote Sprinkler Flow Rate, gpm 22.5
Residual Pressure on Remote Sprinkler, psi 16.14
Number of Sprinkler that will operate at the same time 6.67
Number of Sprinkler on one branchline that will operate 3.10
Inside Hose Allowance, gpm 50
Outside Hose Allowance, gpm 500
Floor Area, sq. ft. 26,347
Total number of Sprinkler heads 117.10
Quick Response Sprinkler

Fire Protection Hydraulic Calculation

Pipe Size, in.
Flow, Pipe Fitting Total Equivalent
Sprinkler Node# Pipe Nominal Inside
gpm /Devices Length, ft
Diamete, in. Diameter, in.
Pipe Lp 9.84
1 1 SH 1 1.049 1elb= 2ft Lf 2
22.5 Lt 11.84
23.80 Pipe Lp 9.84
2 1 SH 1 1.049 1T=5/red=1 Lf 6
46.30 Lt 15.84
29.53 Pipe Lp 9.84
3 1 SH 1 1/4 1.38 1T=6/red=1 Lf 7
75.82 Lt 16.84
32.93 Pipe Lp 29.52
4 1 SH 1 1/2 1.61 1T=10 Lf 10
108.75 Lt 39.52
0.00 Pipe Lp 18.04
5 No Sprinkler 2 1/2 2.469 1T=12/1R=3/1E=6 Lf 21
108.75 Lt 39.04
92.11 Pipe Lp 47.56
6 3 SHs 2 1/2 2.469
3T=36/1E=6/1GV=1ft/1FLow switch=14ft/2T=24ft
Lf 81
200.86 Lt 128.56
0.00 Pipe Lp 9.84
7 No Sprinkler 2 1/2 2.469 1E=6 Lf 6
200.86 Lt 15.84
50.00 Pipe Lp 6.56
Fire Hose
8 2 1/2 2.469 1T=12/1R=3 Lf 15
Cabinet
 Fire Hose
8 2 1/2 2.469
Cabinet
250.86 Lt 21.56
0.00 Pipe Lp 13.12
9 No SH, No FHC 3 3.068 2T=30/ 1R=3 Lf 33
250.86 Lt 46.12
0.00 Pipe Lp 19.68
10 to Pump 3.5 3.548 2E=16/ 2GV=2/ 1CV=19/ Lf
3T=51/ 2R=34 122
250.86 Lt 141.68

Q= 251 gpm
TDH= 104 psi
 4.57317073

> get remote sprinkler from fire pump

7
4
> minimum at code
> minimum at code
> area per floor
118.00 for open spaces

ulic Calculation
Friction Pressure Summary, Notes,
End Node
Loss, psi/ft psi K = 5.6

Pt 16.14
0.1618 Pe 0 5.6 2
Pf 1.92
Pt 18.06
0.6148 Pe 0 5.60 3
Pf 9.74
Pt 27.80
0.4028 Pe 0 5.60 4
Pf 6.78
Pt 34.58
0.3705 Pe 0 5.60 5
Pf 14.64
Pt 49.22
0.0462 Pe 0 0.00 6
Pf 1.80
Pt 51.03
0.1437 Pe 0.00 5.60 7
Pf 18.47
Pt 69.50
0.1437 Pe 4.261704 0.00 8
Pf 2.28
Pt 76.04
0.2168 Pe 2.842514 0.00 9
0.2168 0.00 9
Pf 4.67
Pt 83.55 Pipe Length is 4m, elevation is4m
0.0753 Pe 5.682272 0.00 10
Pf 3.47
Pt 92.71 Pipe Length is 6m, elevation is4m
0.0371 Pe 5.682272 0.00 11
Pf 5.25
Pt 103.64
Notes:
> Light Hazzard Classification

> Existing design is good; open space at the floor can still be reduced upto 4 sprinklers only as long as the following requireme

>> distance between sprinklers is from 1.8 to 4.6 meters

>> distance of sprinler from wall is from 0.102 to 2.3 m
> Pipe sizes for GI Pipe SCH40
>> 1inch can accommodate 2 sprinklers
>> 1.25" for 3 sprinklers
>> 1.5 for 5 sprinklers
>> 2" upto 10 sprinklers
>> 2.5" upto 30 sprinklers
>> 3" upto 60 sprinklers
>> 3.5" upto 100 spriklers
>> 4"
> Sprinkler type is Ordinary temperaure (red or orange bulb color)
15
88
1320

90

1.86666666666667
1.8
Pipe Length is 4m, elevation is4m

Pipe Length is 6m, elevation is4m

P/m2
m2