2019

GUÍA DE ESTUDIO INGLES III

CONDITIONAL 0 (ZERO)
FUNCIÓN/USO
El condicional tipo 0 se emplea para realizar afirmaciones sobre el mundo real y
suele referirse a hechos generales que damos por ciertos, como los hechos
científicos. En estas oraciones el marco temporal es ahora o siempre y la
situación es real y posible. Es decir, queeste condicional se refiere a una
situación que es siempre verdadera (verdades universales).
Ejemplos:

1. If you freeze water, it becomes a solid.

2. Plants die if they don’t get enough water.
3. If you mix red and blue, you get purple.

ESTRUCTUTRA GRAMATICAL:
En las oraciones condicionales de tipo 0 ("zero conditional"), el tiempo verbal en
ambas proposiciones es el "simple present".

IF Clause MAIN Clause

IF + PRESENT TENSE PRESENT TENSE
IF+
+VERB(PRESENT)+COMPLEMENT +VERB(PRESENT)+COMPLEMENT

IF YOU FREEZE WATER, IT BECOMES A SOLID.

IF YOU WORK HARD, YOU HAVE ENOUGH MONEY.

Conditional Zero: match the sentences to a proper complement using conditional

zero.

1 If you work hard, Wait for me 10 more minutes

2 If you wake up early, you finish late
3 If you don’t study, You fail the exam.
4 When you eat a lot, You buy a house. 1
5 When you fly on one of the It rains
budget airlines,
6 When it is cloudy, You have to buy your snack.
7 Unless you have a lot of work, You arrive on time.
8 Unless I phone to say I’ll be late, You get stomach.

Conditional Zero: Choose from the verbs below to complete the sentences. Make
any necessary changes if needed.

not/work eat mix study Not/buy not/eat

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have die get get cry be

1. If john eats too much, he gets fat.

2. If you _______________, you _______________ a house.
3. People ______________, if they ____________________.
4. You _________________ water if you ________________ hydrogen and
oxygen.
5. Mary ________________if she ______________________exam.
6. If babies _______________ hungry, they _______________.

FIRST CONDITIONAL (TYPE 1)

FUNCION/USO:
Utilizamos el condicional 1 para hablar de una posibilidad real en el futuro; es
decir, de una acción que es posible que ocurra en el futuro siempre y cuando se
cumpla la condición.

Ejemplos:

1. If I have time, I will visit my parents this afternoon.

2. I f he is busy now, I will come back tomorrow.
3. If it rains, I will stay at home.

ESTRUCTUTRA GRAMATICAL:
Se forma con if + simple present + simple future.

IF Clause MAIN Clause

IF + PRESENT TENSE WILL (FUTURE)
IF+ +WILL+ VERB(SIMPLE
+VERB(PRESENT)+COMPLEMENT FORM)+COMPLEMENT

IF IT IS WARM TOMORROW, WE WILL GO TO THE BEACH.

IF IT IS COLD , WE WILL WEAR WARM CLOTHES.

First Conditional: Underline the correct option for the first conditional sentences.

1. If we don't protect the elephant, it ________ extinct.

A. will become B. becomes

2. If you don't put so much sugar in your coffee, you ________ so much
weight!
A. won't put on B. don't put on

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 3. If you ________ an apple every day, you'll be very healthy.
A. will eat B. eat

4. She ________ completely different if she cuts her hair.

A. will look B. looks

5. You won't pass the course if you ________.

A. don't study B. won't study

First Conditional: complete the next sentences.

1. If you help me with my homework,
I_______________________________________________

2. My parents will be very pleased, if

I_______________________________________________

3. If Robert studies hard, he

_______________________________________________

4. If Paco plays with us soccer,

we_______________________________________________

5. I will rest all the weekend, if I

_______________________________________________

USED TO (SOLER)

FUNCION/USO:

El verbo “use” significa “usar” o “utilizar”. Sin embargo, cuando utilizamos este
verbo en el pasado simple, más la preposición “to”, como verbo modal, el
significado cambia.

El verbo modal “used to” se emplea para indicar algo que ocurría o sucedería en
el pasado de manera habitual. También, se utiliza para algo que antes era verdad
pero ya no lo es. Como con los otros verbos modales, “used to” está seguido por
la forma base del verbo (el infinitivo sin “to”).

Ejemplos:

1. I used to playbasketball when I was a child.

2. I used to do a lot of exercise when I was younger.

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 3. He used to smoke a pack of cigarettes a day, but he quit last year

ESTRUCTURA GRAMATICAL

1. Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas)

Sujeto + “used to” + verbo…

Ejemplos:
We used to go to the beach every summer when I was young.
I used to like mushrooms, but not anymore.
There used to be a great restaurant here, but it closed a few years ago.

2. Negative Sentences (Frases negativas)

Sujeto + “didn’t” + “use to” + verbo…

Ejemplos:
I didnt use tolike mushrooms, but now I do.
Food didn’t use to be so expensive
We didn’t use to go away on holydays when I was young

3. Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas)

Did + sujeto + “use to” + verbo…?

Ejemplos:
Did he use to smoke a lot?
Did you use to live here?
Did they use to go to the beach in summers?

Used to: Complete the sentences with the affirmative, negative or interrogative
form of used to as needed.

used to didn’t use to didn’t use to Did they use to

used to did you use to didn’t use to used to

1. David Beckham used to play for Manchester United.

2. We __________________do exercise, but we do now.
3. ___________________ study in the same school?

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4. I ___________________ play with my friends when I was a child.
5. She ___________________ cook, but now she does.
6. Where ___________________ go on vacation?
7. There __________________ be a supermarket.
8. I ___________________ like vegetables, but I do now.

Used to: Form sentences with the words bellow.

1. used to / Jim / library / study / in / the Jim used to study in the library.

2. go/ used to / out / at / I / night

_______________________________________________.
3. Joseph / study / London / in / used to
_______________________________________________.
4. a child / use to / when / he / sleep / didn’t / was / he /
late_______________________________________________.
5. I / eat / / used to / restaurant / in/ that
_______________________________________________.
6. Luca/ guitar/ the/ used to
/play/_______________________________________________.
7. My/ friend/collect/ used
to/stamps/_______________________________________________.

USED TO: Fill in the blanks with " used to " or " use to ".

1. Leila's grandfather _______________ be a soldier during World War II.

2. His children didn't ________________enjoy his stories about the war.
3. Did your grandfather ______________work for the army?
4. My grandfather __________________ drive a military van.
5. Those soldiers didn't _____________ like Hitler.

Look at the next table and make sentences with used to as in the example. Use a
proper verb for each sentence (___/5).

NAME PAST NOW

Tim Exercise Cigarettes
Roger Milk Soda
Katy School Work
George Motorbike Car
Lucy Junk food Healthy food

EXAMPLE:

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1. Tim used to do exercise, now he smokes a lot of cigarettes.
2. ________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________
5. ________________________________________________

PAST PROGRESSIVE
FUNCION /USO:

El pasado continuo se utiliza para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento

específico en el pasado. Como el presente continuo, se forma con el verbo auxiliar
“to be” y el gerundio

ESTRUCTURA GRAMATICAL

Para formar el pasado continuo se utiliza el verbo auxiliar “to be” y el gerundio
(infinitivo + “-ing”) del verbo. El verbo auxiliar “to be” está en el pasado simple,
pero ten en cuenta que “to be” es un verbo irregular.

Sujeto Auxiliar (to be) Gerundio

talking, eating, learning, doing,
I, he, she, it was
going…
talking, eating, learning, doing,
you, we, they were
going…

Ejemplos :

I was doing my homework.

He was watching the TV.
We were eating pizza.

1. Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas)

Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to be) + gerundio.

Ejemplos:
I was talking. (Estaba hablando.)
He was eating. (Estaba comiendo.)
They were learning. (Estaban aprendiendo.)

2. Negative Sentences (Frases negativas)

Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to be) + “not” + gerundio.

Ejemplos:

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 I was not [wasn’t] talking. (No estaba hablando.)
He was not [wasn’t] eating. (No estaba comiendo.)
They were not [weren’t] learning. (No estaban aprendiendo.)

3. Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas)

Verbo auxiliar (to be) + sujeto + gerundio?

Ejemplos:
Were you talking? (¿Estabas hablando?)
Was he eating? (¿Estaba comiendo?)
Were they learning? (¿Estaban aprendiendo?)

PAST PROGRESSIVE: Change the next sentences in affirmative, negative or

interrogative (___/10).

1. I was doing exercise.

__________________________________________________(-)
2. They weren’t dancing.
_________________________________________________(+)
3. My father wasn’t
working._______________________________________________ (?)
4. Were you swimming?
__________________________________________________(+)
5. They were not
playing._________________________________________________ (?)
6. He was not
eating.____________________________________________________ (+)
7. It was
snowing._____________________________________________________
_ (?)
8. Was she studying?
___________________________________________________ (-)
9. Were your cousins listening?
___________________________________________ (+)
10. You were
singing____________________________________________________ (-)

PAST PROGRESSIVE: Was or Were?

1. They wereplaying the piano.

2. My cat ________________ dancing to music!
3. His brothers ________________ fighting over the TV remote.
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 4. The students _____________ writing a test.
5. Kane and Mark _____________ watching a movie.
6. His sister _____________ studying for her exam

CONNECTORS. WHEN /WHILE.

FUNCION/USO:
WHILE significa mientras: se usa para indicar que mientras hacías una acción otra
persona está realizando otra a la vez.
Ejemplos:
I were giving a shower while my mom cooked
Me estaba dando una ducha mientras mi madre cocinaba
While i was walking, i found a coin on the floor
Mientras estaba caminando, encontré una moneda en el piso

WHEN significa cuando: se usa cuando una acción se vio interrumpida.

Ejemplos:
I was watching TV when the phone rang
Estaba viendo la tele cuando el teléfono sonó
When i was younger, i used to play videogames
Cuando era más joven, solía jugar videojuegos

CONNECTORS: Connect the next ideas by using “when” or “while”.

1. He was studying for the exam. I was playing football.

____________________________________________________________

2. We were watching T.V. My mother knocked the door.

____________________________________________________________

3. It began to rain . She was walking on street.

____________________________________________________________

4. Peter lost her computer. He was speaking to a friend on the phone.

____________________________________________________________

5. We were getting ready for the picnic. They were still sleeping.
____________________________________________________________

PHRASAL VERBS
FUNCION/USO:

Los phrasal verbs son expresiones idiomáticas que se forman combinando verbos
con preposiciones o adverbios. Esto da como resultado nuevos verbos
compuestos con un significado muy distinto al que nos da el diccionario para los
verbos individuales.

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Los verbos compuestos se usan mucho tanto en el inglés escrito como en el
hablado. Constantemente surgen nuevos phrasal verbs ya que la estructura
gramatical de los mismos es un recurso muy flexible para crear nuevos verbos y
expresiones. Además, un mismo phrasal verb puede tener varios significados.

XI. PHRASAL VERBS: Use the following verbs (look, fill, get, look, switch, take,
throw, turn, try, agree) and the prepositions (away, down, for, in, off, on, on,
on, with, after) and form meaningful sentences.

Example: I don’t understand anything in the exam, I ________________.

Answer: I don’t understand anything in the exam, I give up.

1) Quick! ________________________ the bus. It's ready to leave.

2) I don't know where my bag is. I have to ________________________ it.

3) I want to watch T.V. Can you ________________________ it, please?

4) Can you ________________________ this application, please.

5) -I need some new clothes.

-Why don't you ________________________ these jeans?

6) It is very hot, ________________________ your hat.

7) This machine doesn’t work. You can ________________ it

_________________.

8) It's so loud here. Can you ________________________ the radio a little.

9) “All women are bad drivers” I don’t ____________________you.

10) My mother is not at home, so I need to ____________________ the baby.

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