1

Items included
1-Appearance / character /clothes /personality /jobs

2-Prepositions

3- Phrasal verbs of look

4- Word formation ( adjectives

2 from verbs & nouns )
complexion (n.) the skin colour

fair complexion light skin

(phr.)
Curly (adj. ) ( of hair) in the form of tight curves
Jumper ( n.) a knitted piece of clothing made of wool or cotton for the
upper part of the body with long sleeves and no buttons
( pullover )
go bald (phr) gradual hair loss

moustache(n.) hair that grows on man‟s upper lip

beard (n.) hair grows on a man‟s chin and cheeks

of medium neither tall or short but average

height (phr.)
overweight (adj.) having excess weight

Pale complexion having lighter than normal skin

(phr.)
Pointed nose long sharp nose
(phr.)
Shoulder -length long enough to reach your shoulder
(adj.)
skinny (adj.) extremely thin

Spiky (adj.) having one or more sharp points

wrinkles(n.) Lines formed on your face when you grow old

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 outgoing (adj.) Like to meet other people and being friendly towards them

arrogant(adj.) Thinks that he is better than others

gentle (adj.) always kind and calm

cardigan (n.)
casual ( adj.) not formal

optimistic ( adj.) expecting good things to happen or something to be

successful

fairly short (phr) not as tall as average people

dark in having dark skin

complexion (phr.)

colorfully (of material) having different colour designs stitched on it.

embroidered (phr)

leggings tight-fitting trousers

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distinctive (adj.) characteristic

remarkably tough extraordinary strong

(phr.)
spirited (adj.) full of energy

tribe a group of people of the same race, with the same language and
customs.

generation people of the same age who have the same experiences
originally (adv.) initially

maintain (v.) to continue to have

region a particular area of a country

complexion (U n) the skin colour (of the face)

mountainous (adj) with high mountains.

rich in culture (phr.) having a very interesting civilization.

remain (v) to stay the same or in one place.

harsh life (phr.) unpleasant and difficult existence.

set of rules (phr.) a list of rules that must be followed.

leader someone who is in charge of sb/sth

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code of behavior a set of rules to live by.
(phr.)
headman the chief or leader of a tribe in a village.

Society people who make up a population in a given area.

Provide (v.) the act of making sth available to sb

crop plants that are grown in large quantities for food.

do weaving (phr.) to make cloth out of threads.

craftsman sb who makes things skillfully with his hands.

crossbow (phr.) a weapon that shoots arrows.

do spinning (phr.) to make thread.

attend (v.) to be present at (a school, a ceremony)

tradition a custom or belief that has been observed

memorize (v.) to learn by heart.

ancestor a family member who lived a long time ago.

thatched roof (phr.) the top of a building made of straw.

stand on stilts to be supported by tall thin wooden posts.

(phr.)

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take things a step to progress with sth
further (phr.)

wooden frame a structure made from wood used to support sth.

(phr.)
honor (v.) to show one‟s respected to sb/sth.

seek (v.) to look for sb/sth

ceremony a formal event celebrating sth such as a wedding.

gather (v.) to come together.

doorway the space where a door opens and closes.

sewing a seat for swinging back and forth, hung on ropes or chains.

entrance the way into a space or a building.

Significance (n) importance

Carving an object that has been cut out of a material such as wood.

good spirits (phr.) friendly ghosts

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Words & Synonyms:-
-Initially = originally - skin color = complexion
- characteristic = distinctive - learn by heart = memorize
- importance = significance - to come together = gather
- to bring in = introduce - to look for = seek
- truthful = honest - mean = miser
- dishonest =deceitful

Words & antonyms:-

- Optimistic # pessimistic - modest # arrogant
- Hardworking # lazy - interesting # dull
- Organized # disorganized - caring # indifferent
- Patient # impatient - cheerful # moody
- honest # dishonest =deceitful
- gentle # aggressive - polite # impolite
- generous # selfish - tactful # tactless

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leadership the state of being in control of sb/sth
youthful (adj.) appearing to be young
local community a small population of the same area
(phr.)
descendant sb who is related to sb else who lived a long time ago.
hold (v.) to have sth in your hand or arms
individual (adj.) separates
formal clothes clothes worn on official occasions.
(phr.)
Woolen (adj.) made from the hair of sheep
Waistcoat a sleeveless piece of clothing that people usually wear over a shirt.
baggy (adj.) (of clothes) loose-fitting.
floral (adj.) (of clothes) with a pattern of flowers on it.
tracksuit trousers worn by an athlete for exercising.
bottoms (phr.)
Conservative conventional; traditional
(adj.)
trendy (adj.) fashionable and modern
polka dot a pattern with small or large dots.
stripes a pattern with lines
high- heeled shoes raised at the back.
shoes (phr.)
platform shoes high- heeled shoes with a thick raised sole.
(phr.)
fashionable (adj.) modern; stylish
sloppy (adj.) messy; careless
try on (phr. v) to put on a garment in order to see whether it fits and looks nice.
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match (v.) (of items of clothing, accessories, etc) to look good together.
fit (v.) (of clothes, shoes, etc) to be the right size or shape for your body.
generous (adj.) giving other people money, gifts or time.
dull (adj.) boring
rude to (adj.) impolite
pessimistic (adj.) tending to emphasis the negative side of a situation
deceitful (adj.) cheating or telling lies
moody (adj.) ill tempered
electrician (adj.) Sb whose job is to put in , check or repair electrical equipment
financial records an account of profits and expenses
(phr.)
indifferent (adj.) not interested in

beautician (n.) a professional who improves people‟s appearance

Sympathetic ( adj.) kind to sb and showing that you understand their feelings
tactless (adj.) being inconsiderate
tracksuit bottoms the trousers of a suit worn by an athlete to exercise
(n.)
waistcoat ( n.) Sleeveless piece of clothing with buttons
Miner (n.) a person who works underground in a mine

Phrasal verbs

- look forward : to anticipate - look for : search

- look after : to take care of - look up to : respect
- look down on : to have a bad opinion of
- look up : to find in a book or a list - do up : button up

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 Prepositions

- attached to
- jealous of
- Interested in
- care about
- be rude to
- try on

Word Formation

 The suffix – ful ……….. care(v.) …. careful (adj.) / forget (v.) …. forgetful ( adj.) /

tact(n. ) … tactful

 The suffix -ic ……… drama (n. ) …. dramatic ( adj.) / art ( n.) …. artistic ( adj .)
 The suffix – ive …… decide ( v.) …. decisive ( adj.) / persuade (v.) …. persuasive (adj.)

create (v.) … creative ( adj.)

 The suffix- ious ….. superstition ( n .) superstitious ( adj.) / ambition ( n. ) Ambitious ( adj.)
 The suffix – less …… self (n.) …… selfless ( adj.) / wire (n. ) …. Wireless ( n. )
 The suffix – ish ….. . Child ( n. ) childish ( adj. ) / self ( n .)…. selfish ( adj.)
 The suffix –ing …… care ( n .) … caring ( adj.) / bore (v.)….. boring (adj.)
 The suffix – y … pick (v.) …. Picky (adj.) / fun (n. ) ..funny ( adj.) / nose ( n. ) nosy (adj.)
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Choose the correct answer:
1- Many cultures …. …….... their dead with annual festivals .
a. value b. honour c. respect d. valuable
2- It‟s important to ………... the elder people .
a. value b. honour c. respect d. valuable
3- The Akha people try hard to …… their culture and traditions .
a. preserve b. continue c. maintaining d. honour
4- Lucy tries hard to ………….. a youthful appearance .
a. preserve b. continue c. maintain d. honour
5- Every Friday , the leaders ………... to discuss the week‟s events .
a. assemble b. gather c. collect d. meets
6- Mum told her children to ……… their toys in the toy box .
a. assemble b. gather c. collect d. puts away
7- Everybody is told to ………….. in the Town Hall for the meeting .
a. assemble b. gather c. collect d. meets
8- They …….. together at Sam‟s house every Friday .
a. put b. get c. meet d. play

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9- I think every child should ……………… kindergarten .
a. go b. attend c. attendance d. goes
10- Under the new manager‟s ………….. , the company went from strength to strength .
a. manager b. leadership c. guide d. care
11- Every year , they have a ceremony to …………. their ancestors .
a. respect b. honor c. greet d. introduce
12- Every tribe has a …………. of behavior that must be followed .
a. law b. code c. rule d. set
13- We should all try to help maintain our local …………….
a. society b. country c. community d. world
14- Omar‟s………………. all came from Upper Egypt .
a. parents b. grandparent c. ancestors d. descendants
15- Sadly , many of the tribe‟s traditional customs are ……………… .
a. appearing b. disappearing c. removing d. remove
16- It‟s important to …………….. calm during a quarrel .
a. hold b. stays c. remain d. keeps
17- A Professional who improves people‟s appearance is called ……………..
a. beautician b. accountant c. miner d. translator
18- Sue is a …………………. optimistic person .
a. fairly b. lightly c. a bit d. slightly

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19- This blouse doesn‟t ……. me . It‟s the wrong size .
a. fits b. suits c. match d. fit
20- Can I …….. this jacket , please .
a. try b. try on c. try in d. try up
21- I‟m looking for a pair of sandals to ……….. this dress .
a. fits b. suits c. match d. fit
22- ………… your coat , it‟s very cold outside .
a. Do b. Do in c. Do up d. Do on
23- Our grandpa likes to meet other people and he is friendly , in other words he is a/an
………………… person .
a. arrogant b. demanding [Link] d. kind
24- Jim is so …………… . He wants everything done right now .
a. indifferent b. impatient c. impolite d. aggressive
25- My friend always gets a smile on her face . She is very ………. .
a. caring b. arrogant c. moody d. cheerful
26- Alan is a ……………. Person . He never tells lies .
a. positive b. truthful c. gentle d. dishonest
27- Suzy is so …………… . She always expect bad things to happen .
a. indifferent b. positive c. pessimistic d. optimistic
28- ……………… people don‟t like talking about their achievements .
a. Modest b. Caring c. Gentle d. Moody
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29- …………. People are kind and calm .
a. Modest b. Caring c. Gentle d. Moody
30- …………… people tells a lot of lies .
a. Deceitful b. Indifferent c. Selfish d. generous
31- People who often become sad or angry for no particular reason are called ……
a. modest b. caring c. gentle d. moody
32- People who always want to start fights are called ………….
a. arrogant b. Caring c. aggressive d. pessimistic
33- Jessy often offends people . She is ……………..
a. tactful b. tactless c. selfish d. polite
34- Tom wants to become rich and famous ; he is ……………
a. creative b. ambitious c. selfish d. bored
35- Jim is very ………………….. . I think he‟ll become a painter .
a. creative b. ambitious c. selfish d. bored
36- Lily is very good at drawing . She‟s quite …………….
a. artist b. artistic c. talent d. bored
37- The person who works underground to remove coal is called …………….
a. translator b. miner c. accountant d. cleaner
38- The person who check the financial records of people ……………….
a. translator b. miner c. accountant d. cleaner

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39- The person who fixes problems with electrical wires is called ………………
a. beautician b. electrician c. musician d. translator
40- Jessica doesn‟t eat well , she is so ………………..
a. overweight b. skinny c. bald d. fat
41 – My grandma is very old , so she has …………… in her face.
a. freckles b. dots c. wrinkles d. spots
42- Could you tell me the ……………. of tourism ?
a. important b. significance c. significant d. import
* Practice on PHRASAL VERBS
1- I‟m looking ......... to meeting the new neighbour.
a. forward b. over c. up
2- Did you look the word ......... in the dictionary?
a. at b. into c. up
3-I have to look ......... my niece tonight so I can‟t go out.
a. after b. over c. forward
4-Tim is arrogant and often looks ......... on other people.
a. up b. forward c. down
5-Ken looks ......... to his father and always listens to his advice.
a. up b. down c. forward

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 Practice on PREPOSITIONS
1- Jamie isn‟t the least bit interested ...........fashion.
a- in b. of c. at
2-The student apologised for being rude ...........the teacher.
a- to b. with c. on
3-Unfortunately, Lee doesn‟t care ...........her appearance at all.
a- of b. about c. on
4- Laura is jealous ...........Wendy for being so popular.
a- with b. of c. at
5- Jennifer is very attached ...........her grandparents.
a- to b. in c. with
6-Sarah is very sly and takes advantage ...........her younger sister at times.
a- with b. of c. on

* Practice on Word formation :-

1- Tommy never remembers where his things are , he is so ………………( FORGET )

2- I think Ramy will become a painter ; he is very ……………. ( CREATE )

3- Lady Macbeth was very …………… ; she wanted to become the queen of Scotland .

( AMBITION )

4-Sue is very good at drawing ; she is very …….. ( ART )

5- My boss always offends people . He is …………….. ( TACT )

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6- It‟s a ………. Film not to be missed . ( WONDER )

7- I need to tidy my room ; it‟s so …………… ( MESS)

8- I like this food ; it‟s so …………………. ( TAST )

9- India is a truly ………. Country well worth visiting . ( DELIGHT )

10- It‟s very ……….. here as there are no cars . ( PEACE )

11- Robots will be more ……..… than ever and may even replace people in certain jobs .

( USE )

Rewrite the following sentences ( Vocabulary ):

1- I‟m taking care of my little cousin these days . ( look )
………………………………………………………………………….
2- we can‟t wait to meet our grandparents . We are anticipating his meeting .
( look )
………………………………………………………………………….
3- You shouldn‟t have a bad opinion about people who have less money than you .
( look )
…………………………………………………………………………..
4- If you don‟t know his phone number , just check it in the list in the yellow pages.
( look )
………………………………………………………………………….
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5- She admires and respects her English teacher . She wants to be like her one day.
( look )
………………………………………………………………………….
6- Fasten the button of your coat . It‟s very cold outside . ( Do )
………………………………………………………………………….
7- He is aspiring . He wants to become rich and famous . ( ambitious )
………………………………………………………………………….
8- He likes to say jokes . He tells us the best jokes . ( funny )
…………………………………………………………………………
9- Ann is very good at drawing . She likes art . ( artistic )
…………………………………………………………………………
10- Jess behaves in a bad way . He often offends people . ( tactless )
…………………………………………………………………………
11- Jack doesn‟t care about anyone . ( indifferent )
………………………………………………………………………….

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 Items included
1-Natural world

2-Animals

3- Environmental problems

3- Phrasal verbs of bring

4- Word formation ( forming nouns from verbs )

20

5—ing form / to –infinitive

land surface (phr.) the area of the Earth not covered by water
mammal (n.) an animal that gives birth to babies and feeds them on milk
occupy (v.) to fill an amount of space
shelter (n.) a place giving temporary protection from bad weather or
danger
Provide ( v.) To give something to somebody
lack (n.) The state of not having enough of something

horse-like head (phr.) a head that looks like a horse‟s

pointed (adj.) thin and sharp
Survive (v.) to continue to exist
pouch a pocket of skin in which some animals carry their babies
sharp spikes (phr.) pointed pieces coming out of the body.
Limbs arms and legs
Bony plates (phr) flat pieces of bone
Scales small flat pieces of skin that cover a fish
Gills the parts on the sides of a fish which allow it to breath.

Curved tail (phr.) a rounded body part which grows out from the back of an
animal‟s body.

Swim bladder an organ inside a fish that helps it to swim.

fin the thin part on the side or top of a fish and other marine
creatures.
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Capture the imagination of to cause sb to feel interested in sth.
Millennium: (pl. millennia) a period of one thousand years.
Feature (v.) to appear; to be included
Folklore the traditional stories of a community, country, etc.
Delicate (adj.) fragile
Evolve (v.) to develop gradually
Chameleon a type of lizard whose skin can change colour
Shallow water (phr.) areas of water that are not deep.

Attached to (pp) connected to

Seaweed a plant that grows in the sea.
Shellfish any of a number of small sea creatures with shells.

Body structure the different parts of a body and how they are connected.
Function what sth does
Peculiar (adj.) unusual; strange
Resemble (v.) to be or look similar to sth else.
Anatomy the structure of an animal‟s body.

Hang on (phr. v) to hold on to sth

Hiking a long walk taken for pleasure
Skeletal muscle a tissue which is connected to the skeleton.
(phr.)
Endangered(adj.) at risk of extinction
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Threatened (pp) likely to be harmed
Loss no longer having sth
Waste a bad use of sth useful
Spotted pelt the skin of an animal with coloured dots.
Protect (v.) to keep safe from damage or harm.
Preserve (v.) to do sth in order to save or protect life
Livestock farm animals
Support (v.) to agree with and give encouragement
Danger the possibility that sb/sth will be harmed or killed; risk.
Trap (v.) to prevent sb/sth from leaving a place

Grab (v.) to take a hold of sb/sth suddenly

Extinction when a form of life stops existing
Warm-blooded with the body temperature not affected by the surrounding
(adj.) temperature.
Amphibian an animal that lives both on land in water.
Rodent a small mammal with sharp front teeth.
Cold-blooded (adj.) the body temperature changing according to the surrounding
temperature.
Scaly skin (phr.) skin of reptiles or fish protected by small plates
Feather each of the soft hairs on a bird‟s body.
Beetle a small black insect with a hard covering.

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Squirrel a rodent with a bushy tail that lives in trees.
Toad a frog-like animal with warty skin.
Deforestation cutting down or destroying all the trees in an area.
At risk (pp) in danger
Endangered species types of animals or plants that aree at risk of extinction.
(phr.)
Landfills full of deep holes in the ground where very large amounts of rubbish are
rubbish (phr.) buried.
Oil spill an amount of oil poured accidentally into the sea by a tanker.
Melting icecaps thick layers of ice become liquid because of heat.
(phr.)
Shortage a lack of
Rely on (phr. v) depend on
Predator an animal that hunts other animals for food.
In the wild (phr.) in nature; in land not inhabited by people
Abolish (v.) to put an end to sth, usually by passing a law.
Trading the act of buying and selling goods.

bring out (phr.) to publish

bring about (phr.v) to cause sth to happen
Bring up (phr. v) to raise children
bring round (phr.) to help sb to regain consciousness

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 Antonyms and synonyms :
- delicate = fragile - delicate = fragile

- non-stop = continuously - gravest = most serious

- mate = pair off - common # unique
- ordinary # unusual - deep # shallow

Phrasal verbs

 bring out : to be published

 bring about : caused to happen
 bring up : to raise
 bring round : regained consciousness

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 Prepositions

 at risk - in the wild

 protect from - at least
 rely on
 hide from
 Save from
Word Formation

 The suffix –ion ……… pollute (v.)….. pollution(n.) / Prevent(v.) …… prevention (n.)
 The suffix- ation ……... converse (v.)…… conversation(n.)
 The suffix- sion ………. explode (v.) …… explosion (n.) / conclude(v.) ….. conclusion(n.)
 The suffix- tion ………. suggest (v.) suggestion / collect (v. ) … collection

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Choose the correct answer
1- Most scientists believe that human beings …………….. in Africa .
a. evolved b. grow c. develop d. expand
2- Bamboo ………. at an astonishingly rapid rate – up to 100 CM in 24 hours .
a. evolved b. grow c. develop d. expand
3- Humans pose a greater …………. to sharks , than vice versa .
a. trouble b. threat c. risk d. danger
4- Elephants and rhinos are at ………………. From poachers.
a. trouble b. threat c. risk d. danger
5- They can‟t swim here ; the …………….. is too strong .
a. sea b. current c. waves d. flow
6- In seahorses world , it is the male not the female that becomes …………...
a. arrogant b. shallow c. pregnant d. cover
7- Legends of dragons have existed for ………………..
a. decade b. century c. years d. millennia
8- The skin of most fish is covered in ………………..
a. scales b. fins c. flippers d. gills

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9- The trunk is the most interesting features of the elephant‟s……………………..
a. structures b. anatomy c. building d. body

10- The Amazon rainforest is home to thousands of ………… animal and plant species .
a. common b. rare c. extinct d. popular
11- You should ………….. from eating too much chocolate .
a. refrain b. avoid c. destroy d. get away
12- While trekking in a forest , wear boots if you want to …………… being bitten by snakes .
a. refrain b. avoid c. destroy d. get away
13- Acid rain causes a lot of …………… to forests .
a. destroy b. damage c. ruin d. loss
14- ………………….. are warm-blooded animals that give birth to live babies and feed their
young on milk .
a. Reptiles b. Mammals c. Rodents d. Birds
15- Animals that live both on land and in water are called ……………...
a. Reptiles b. Mammals c. Rodents d. Amphibians
16- …………… are small mammals with sharp front teeth .
a. Reptiles b. Mammals c. Rodents d. Birds
17- The cold – blooded creatures that live in water and usually have gills and fins are called…..
a. birds b. fish c. amphibians d. insects

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18- Coral reefs usually develop in ……. waters in warm parts of the world .
a. deep b. suitable c. shallow d. clear
19- The parrot fish has got …….. characteristics such as the ability to change shape or color .
a. different b- unique c. limited d. traditional

20- Seahorses live within a/an …….. range which is not far from the shore .
a. different b- unique c. limited d. traditional
21- Rivers can become contaminated when farmers use ….. on their crops .
a. fossil b. pesticides c. ozone d. spry
22- Conservation of the jungle will help to prevent further animal …………..
a. death b. disappearance c. extinction d. danger
23- An easy way to save water is to ……. there are no leaking taps in your home.
a. secure b. ensure c. insure d. assure
24- It‟s only a matter of time before we use up the Earth‟s …………...
a. sources b. supports c. origins d. resources
25- The water supply was ……….. and residents were told to drink bottled water .
a. altered b. infects c. contaminated d. infested

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 Practice on PHRASAL VERBS :
**Choose the correct item.

1- The organisation is bringing about/out a new book on water conservation.

2-The man had to bring out/up his two children on his own.
3-The dog was unconscious but the vet managed to bring it out/round.
4-We are all capable of bringing about/up change and shouldn‟t give up.
5 - He promised to bring up/round the issue of overfishing at the next meeting.

 Practice on PREPOSITIONS :-
**Choose the correct item.
1-Fortunately, some people are trying to save animals of/from extinction.
2-Animals should live in/at the wild and not in zoos.
3-Domestic animals rely to/on humans for food.
4- Greenpeace protects whales for/from whalers.
5-The Asian Unicorn is now at risk of/to extinction from poaching.
6- Dinosaurs have been extinct for in/at least 65 million years.
7- in/without a doubt , Einstein was one of the greatest scientists ever .
8- Male horses are the only creatures that give birth to/on babies .
9- Many species of animals and plants are in/at danger of extinction .
10- A lot of animals are in/at risk of extinction .

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 Complete with the correct form of the word between brackets
1- Recycling helps to control environmental …………………….. .( POLLUTE )

2- In ………. , we should all help to protect our environment . ( CONCLUDE )

3- The animal shelter has announced that there will be a …….. in staff because of financial

difficulties . ( REDUCE )

4- There‟s a great …… of documentaries about endangered species in natural geographic

channel . ( COLLECT )

5- There is a meeting on whale …………… next Monday . ( CONSERVE )

6- Mark‟s …………. In the meeting was great . ( SUGGEST )

7- Water ……………. is a serious problem . ( POLLUTE )

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Rewrite the following sentences ( Vocabulary ):
1- His new book about sports was published this May . ( bring )
…………………………………………………………………………………
2- Environmentalists helped to make a change in the law . ( bring )
…………………………………………………………………………………
3- Sue managed to raise her three children on her own . ( bring )
………………………………………………………………………………….
4- Tom mentioned the issue of “ saving the whales “ during the meeting . ( bring )
………………………………………………………………………………….
5- He fainted , but the doctor could regain his consciousness . ( bring )
………………………………………………………………………………….
6- The structure of the sea horse body is so complicated . ( anatomy )
………………………………………………………………………………….
7- Our grandmother used to tell us traditional stories of a community and our village in the past.
( folklore )
………………………………………………………………………………….
8-I can‟t swim , so I stay at the area of not deep water . ( shallow )
………………………………………………………………………………….
9- My father brought me up to depend on myself in critical situations . ( rely )
…………………………………………………………………………………
10- Ancient Egyptians maintain their heritage for ages . ( preserve )
………………………………………………………………………………..
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 Items included
* National holidays & celebrations

* Feelings

* Prepositional phrases

* Phrasal verbs of make

* Word formation : adjectives ending in –ful / - less

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altar (n.) a holy table in a church
Dress up (phr. v) to wear special clothes or costume
Evil spirits (phr.) Powerful forces that cause bad things
honour (v.) to show great respect for sb /sth
lantern ( n.) a lamp in a metal frame with glass sides and a handle on top
longship (n.) a narrow open vessel with oars used by the Vikings
Patron saint (n.) a saint who gives protection
Put up (phr. v ) stick or fasten sth
Scare a way (phr.v) to frighten someone
Set off ( phr. v) to start

Bonfire a fire made outdoors as part of a celebration

Shallow (adj.) not deep

Barrel a large container made of wood, metal or plastic with a flat

top and bottom that is used for storing.
Burning tar a thick hot sticky substance (that is usually used to cover
(phr.) roads) on fire.
Eye-catching (adj.) very attractive or noticeable.
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Fancy dress the special clothes you wear for fun that make you look like
a particular person or thing; costumes.
Ritual a ceremony
Hurl (v.) to throw sth with a lot of force.
Cheer (v.) to shout in encouragement or appreciation.
Applaud (v.) to clap in order to show approval of sb/sth
Be nestled (v.) (of a village) to be in a protected or sheltered position.
Outstanding amazing
(adj.)
Sleepy (adj.) (of a village) very quiet; not having much to do.
Turn up (phr. v) to arrive
A hive of activity a place where everybody is busy
(phr.)
Flock a large group of people

Pocked with(adj) crowded with

Gather (v.) to come together
In anticipation of expecting sth; looking forward to eth
(prep phr.)
Wrap up (phr. v) to wear warm clothes
Swarm (v.) to move in a large group

Brass band a group of musicians that play brass instruments such as trumpets
Procession a parade
Era a period of time that has had a particular quality or
character.
Gladiator a man in the past whose job was to fight to the death in an
arena.

Pass down (phr. v) to give knowledge or skills to younger people

Complete a to go round an entire set route.
35
circuit (phr.)
Damned (adj.) condemned to eternal suffering after you die.
Pagan (adj.) belonging to a religion that worships multiple gods or
nature.
Court jester A person who made kings laugh
Spectacle A sight , a scene

Attract (v.) to make people come to a place; to appeal to.

Lift (v.) to pick up; raise

March (v.) to walk in formation like soldiers
Disguise yourself (v.) To change your appearance so that people won‟t recognize you
Link (v.) To make a connection between two or more people, things
Main (adj.) The most important or largest
Chief (adj.) The most important; principal
scene A view of a place or event
Witness (v.) To see or observe sth(a crime or an accident)
Attend (v.) To be present at (a school, a ceremony, etc)
Appear (v.) To become visible; to come into view
crowd A large group of people
audience A group of people who sit and watch a perform at a theater,
cinema, etc.
spectator Sb who watches a sport event
36
Viewer Sb who watches a film or TV programme
Be in charge of (phr.) To have the control of
Streamer A long thin piece of coloured cloth or paper used in decorations
Roast (adj.) (of food) Cooked in an oven or over a fire
Retirement The time when a worker leaves their job and stops working
completely
funeral A ceremony in connection with a burial
Condolences An expression of sympathy or sadness when sb has recently died
Take place (phr.) To occur; to happen
Take part in (phr.) To participate in
Take action (phr.) To do sth
route The way from one place to another
float A large decorated vehicle
pace The speed at which one walks
shamrock a plant with tree leaves on each stem
logo The special design that represents a company‟s name
Praise (v.) To express admiration for or approval of sth
Set out (phr.) To start a journey
Give out (phr. v) To distribute sth
Outrageous (adj.) Very shocking or unreasonable
graduate Sb who has finished school, college or university
On display (phr.) Arranging goods or objects for people to look at
Burst into (phr. v) To suddenly start doing sth
generosity Willingness to give
charity An organization that you give money to, so that they can help
and support vulnerable or poor people
Make out (phr. v) To manage to see, hear or understand sth

37
 Make up (phr. v) To be reconciled after a fight
Make it up to sb (phr. v) To do sth good for sb because you have done sth bad in the past
Make up for (phr. v) To provide sth good to balance or reduce the bad effect of sth
else
Indicate (v.) To show, point or make clear
tip A useful piece of information

Phrasal verbs

 Make out : to manage to see or hear sth with difficulty

 Make up : to become friends again
 Make up for : compensate
 Make it up : to invent sth , usually a story or lie

Prepositions

 Excited about - burst into - In advance

 In honor - thanks to
 On display - full of

38
 Word Formation

- The suffix- ful ….. beauty (n.) … beautiful ( adj.) / success (n. ) …. Successful (adj.)

Help (n.) ….. helpful

- The suffix- less …. fear (n.) ….. fearless ( adj.) / sense (n.) … senseless

speech (n. ) .. speechless

**Words & Synonyms & Antonyms :-

- Turn up = arrive - crowded = packed with
- Wrap up = wear - most important action = main event
- Parade = procession - costume = fancy dress
- A journey all the way round = a circuit - lively =busy = active
- Traditional stories = folklore - modern = recent

**Words & Antonyms :-

- Sleepy# lively - ancient # modern

- Gather # scatter - shallow # deep

- Colorful # plain - traditional # modern

39
 Choose the correct answer
1- People in funny costumes ……… in the streets dancing and singing .
a. walk b. march c. parade d. hop

2- Brian ………… up as a Viking in the Halloween .

a. dressed b. disguised c. tricked d. hide

3- A lot of people …….. to watch the procession .

a. gather b. collect c. crowd d. comes
4- They build a fire In the ………. Square of the village .
a. chief b. main c. alley d. hidden

5- The man climbed up a tree to get a good ……… of the event .

a. scene b. view c. scenery d. watch
6- People who wish to ……… the festival , should make an early reservation .
a. attend b. witness c. sees d. appear

7- John ………… the accident and called the police .

a. attended b. witnessed c. saw d. appeared

8- The ………….. applauded the cast at the end of the play .

a. viewer b. audience c. crowd d. spectators

40
10 - Hareem El Sultan is watched by millions of …………….. .
a. viewer b. audience c. crowd d. spectators

11- A lot of ……………… watched the final match .

a. viewer b. audience c. crowd d. spectators

12-St Patrick‟s day is a ……….. holiday in Ireland .

a. general b. public c. social d. special

13 –The Shamrock is Ireland‟s national …………… .
a. logo b. symbol c. sign d. motto
14 -Most towns ………….. parades in the morning .
a. keep b. hold c. run d. celebrates

15 -Some people ………… fireworks in weddings .

a. set off b. let out c. give out d. pass out

16 -The bus was …….. with people , so there were no seats to sit down .
a. stuffed b. packed c. full d. crowd

17 -My mum prepared lots of food in …… ……of a big crowd coming to the party .
a. hope b. anticipation c. expectation d. suspense

18 -The governor ……….. the event with a formal speech .

a. ceased b. concluded c. filled d. completed
19 -I‟m ………. Some photos of my party with this e-mail .

a. connecting b. attaching c. sticking d. holding

41
20 -The internet always allows you to …….. with people all over the world .

a. link b. connect c. attach d. relate

21 -This year‟s theme for the office …. …dress party is superheroes .

a. fancy b. main c. public d. national

22 -The concert takes ……… every summer .

a. action b. place c. part d. off

23 -The audience ……… the actors at the end of the performance .

a. approved b. applauded c. greeted d. watched

24 -It‟s a …… …day today , so take care when driving .

a. mist b. fog c. misty d. bad

25 -The lead singer of the band has a very ……. Voice ; I like it .

a. crucial b. annoying c. distinctive d. weird

26 -The hotel staff‟s rudeness left me …………… .

a. senseless b. speechless c. speech d. amazing

42
 - Practice on PHRASAL VERBS:-
**Replace the words in brackets with an appropriate phrasal verb with the verb make.

1 - You‟ll have to ..................(think of) a good excuse not to go to work tomorrow.

2 - Henry couldn‟t ...........................(understand) what the tourist was trying to ask him for .
3 - I‟m very sorry I ruined your evening. I will ...................(compensate for it) to you. OK?

4-The tourist promised to..................(pay for) any damage he caused to the machine.

5- We had a serious disagreement but we quickly .............(became friends again).

- Practice on PREPOSITIONS :-

**Choose the correct item.

1-You should book your August holiday well in/to/for advance.
2-The audience burst on/in/into laughter as the comedian ended his joke.
3- Easter Monday doesn‟t always fall into/on/ about the same date.
4-The artists put their work on/in/to display in the town square
5-He dressed in/off/up as a cartoon character for the fancy dress party.
6-The class was very excited of/on/about going on a study abroad programme.
7- They organised a party in/off/up honour of their grandparents .
8-The children were full in/off/of enthusiasm for the event .

43
- Practice on WORD FORMATION:-
- Complete with the correct form of the word between brackets
1- It was a ……… event and everyone enjoyed it . ( SUCCESS )

2- Mr. Galal is a very ……………… teacher . ( HELP )

3- Perry appeared in the party in a stunning dress and left everyone …………. ( SPEECH )

4- It was ……….. of Tom to talk to Sue like that in front of her friends . ( SENSE )

5- She is a ………. Girl ; everyone wants to marry her . ( BEAUTY )

6- He doesn‟t fear anything . He is ………….. ( FEAR )

7- It‟s …….. to persuade her ; she is so stubborn . ( USE )

44
Rewrite the following sentences ( Vocabulary ):
1- I couldn‟t understand what the name on the card was . ( make )
……………………………………………………………………………………….
2- It was nice that Peter and Jane became friends again after their last argument . ( make )
……………………………………………………………………………………….
3- He insisted to pay for the damage that his son caused . ( make )
……………………………………………………………………………………………
4- We don‟t want to go to the party ; we need to think of a good excuse . ( make )
………………………………………………………………………………………..
5- I‟m sorry ! I forgot your birthday . I promise I‟ll compensate you . ( make )
………………………………………………………………………………………….
6- Jack talked to his little sister in an awful way in front of his friends . ( insensitive )
………………………………………………………………………………………….
7- Her outfit was easily recognizable as it was trendy . ( distinctive )
………………………………………………………………………………………….
8- Your diet should contain all vitamins , minerals to be fit and healthy . ( nutritious )
………………………………………………………………………………………….
9- all the audience stat suddenly clapping for the outstanding performance .
( burst into applause)
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
10- Our teacher distributed the revision sheet to be ready for the exam . ( give )
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
11- She couldn‟t speak in this critical situation . ( speechless )
………………………………………………………………………………………….

45
 Grammar included
*General practice on present tenses & past tenses

*Modal Verbs

* Relative Clauses ( defining & non-defining )

* Comparison (comparatives / superlatives )

46

5—ing form / to –infinitive

Choose the correct answer:

1- We ( will visit – visit – are visiting – can visit ) my uncle. Everything is arranged

2- Don't raise your voice , the baby ( slept – has slept – is sleeping – had slept) .

3- Some people ( love – are loving – were loving - have been loving ) keeping pets at home

4- I've booked the tickets .I ( travel – will travel – am travelling – have travelled ) next week.

5- I ( believed – was believing – am believing – believe ) that she is a liar .

6-She doesn't hear us. She ( is thinking – thinks – thought – was thinking ) deeply.

7- I can't meet you tomorrow as I ( am visiting – visit – visiting – will visit ) my uncle.

8-My friend ( is having – had – was having – has ) a lovely villa which has a nice pool .

9-Currently , we ( do – were doing – are doing – did ) a big project near Cairo.

10- I ( am having – have – will have – have had ) dinner at this moment.

11- This pizza ( is tasting – tasty – tastes – tasteful ) delicious.

12- What are you doing? I ( taste – am tasting – tasted – have tasted ) the food.

13- How ( do – is – are – were ) you feeling today ?

14-Please , answer the phone because I ( take – taking – am taking – took ) a shower.

15-We ( are having -have - have had - had had) dinner at seven o'clock today.
47
16- Look! those boys ( pick - are picking - were picking - picked ) flowers from our

garden.

17- People all over the world( knew – were knowing – are knowing – know )Mohammed
Salah well.

18- A: Where's Nada? B: She ( played - is playing - has played - plays) a tennis match.

19- My father ( works – work – is working – had worked )as an engineer. It is his permanent
job.

20- Look! How fast that lorry ( go – went – goes – is going ) .

21- Stress ( cause - causes - is causing - has caused) high blood pressure .

22-Yasser ( is being – is – will be – was )very naughty these days. I need to ask a doctor about
this behavior.
23. I never buy expensive mobile phones because I'm always ( lose – used to lose – losing – lost ) them.

24-What's that terrible noise? "The neighbors ( have – are having – having – had )a party."

25- I am having a great time in Japan these days,but I( missing –misses –am missing –miss )my
friends, especially you.

26-He ( always is – is always – always – doesn‟t always ) helpful.

27-The Earth ( moves – move – is moving – moved ) round the sun.

48
 * Rewrite the following sentences :

1- My habit is to have half an hour walk in the morning . ( usually )

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2- The arrival of the train is at 6 o‟clock . ( The train )
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3- He is always late . ( comes )
.............................................................................................................................................
4- I‟ve arranged to travel to London next week . ( am )
.............................................................................................................................................
5- I haven‟t finished my work on science project yet . ( still )
.................................................................................................................................................
6- He complains all the time . ( always )
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
7- I understand what you mean . ( see )
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
8- We are considering about going abroad . ( think )
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
9-He is in the habit of getting up at 5 o‟clock . ( usually )
...........................................................................................................................................

49
10- Is this car yours ? ( belong )
............................................................................................................................................
11- He is always active . ( lazy )
......................................................................................................................................
12- I‟m meeting the doctor tomorrow . ( see )
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
13- He is always optimistic . ( never )
……………………………………………………………………………………………
14- I have a new car . ( belong )
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
15- He is always nervous . ( never )
……………………………………………………………………………………………
16- Tom owns lots of friends . ( have )
………………………………………………………………………………………..
17- Tom always gets to work on time . ( late )
………………………………………………………………………………………..
18- Eve hasn‟t found a new flat yet . ( looking )
………………………………………………………………………………………..
19- She is taking a shower . ( having )
………………………………………………………………………………………..
20- He gets the full mark at all times . ( always )
………………………………………………………………………………………..

50
Choose the correct sentences :
1- She can‟t play . She ( breaks – is breaking – has broken – has been breaking ) her leg .
2- Look ! You ( have been spilling – were spilling – have spilt – spill )coffee all over my desk!

3- Ann can‟t get into the house . She ( lose – loses – is losing – has lost ) her key .
4- John passed his maths exam. He( studies – has studied- is studying – has been studying) hard .

5- Amy looks so happy ! She ( buys – has bought – is buying – has been bought ) a new house .

6- Nick has lost a lot of weight . He ( is – is being – has been – has been bought ) on a diet .

7- Hassan and Sara ( knew – were knowing – have known – have been knowing ) each other
since they were children .

8- I haven‟t met him ( from – since – for – after ) last week .

9- He has ( been – gone – done – arrived ) to the theatre . He came back .

10- I haven‟t heard from her ( from – since – for – after ) ages .
11- Tom‟s sunburnt . He ( sits – is sitting – has sat – has been sitting ) in the sun all morning .
12- My eyes hurt . I ( watch – am watching – have watched – have been watching ) TV. For
hours .
13- He is tired . He ( waits – is waiting – has waited – has been waiting ) for 3 hours .
14- What ( have you done – did – have you been doing – have you be doing ) since 2010 .

51
Rewrite the following sentences :-
1- It‟s a long time since Omar last visited us . ( for )
………………………………………………………………………………………..
2- The last time I caught fish was last year . ( since )
………………………………………………………………………………………..
3- I‟ve never read as an interesting book as this one . ( This is )
………………………………………………………………………………………
4- I have never watched such a good film . ( ever )
……………………………………………………………………………………..
5- She went to London and she‟s still there . ( gone )
………………………………………………………………………………………..
6- He started working here one month ago . ( has )
………………………………………………………………………………………..
7- Hatem started to learn French five years ago . ( for )
………………………………………………………………………………………..
8- I‟ve been studying my lessons . ( What )
………………………………………………………………………………………..
9- I have never watched such a good film . ( ever )
……………………………………………………………………………………….
10- She last had an argument with me two weeks ago . ( for )
………………………………………………………………………………………..
11- How long ago did you join the yoga class ? ( have)
………………………………………………………………………………………..
12-It‟s more than a month since I saw her . ( seen )
………………………………………………………………………………………..
13- He‟s the cleverest boy I‟ve ever seen . ( never )
………………………………………………………………………………………..
52
 Choose the correct sentences :
1. She When she ……………………….. into the room, I was listening to the radio
a: comes b: came c: coming d: has come
2. While I ……………………. home, I had an accident.
a: Drive b: drove c: were driving d: was driving
3. Ramy saw his father when he ………………………….. after his brother.
a: runs b: ran c: was running d: is running
4. We were going down in the elevator when it suddenly ………………………… .
a: stopped b: stop c: stops d: was stopping
5. I ………………………….. smoke, but now I have stopped.
a)used to b) use to c) am used to d) didn‟t use to
6. That hospital …………………………. be a cinema.
a) use to b) used to c) was used to d) is used to
7. When I opened the door, my friend …………………………… there.
a: stand b: stood c: stands d: was standing
8. The prisoner …………………………………. while the cop was sleeping.
a: escapes b: escape c: escaped d: is escaping
9. The students were reading as the head teacher …………………………… to the teacher.
a: was talking b: talked c: talks d: talk
10. The airplane …………………………….. when it suddenly caught Fire.
a: flew b: flies c: was flying d: has flown
[Link] night somebody was shouting while Sandy …………………………….. .
a: studies b: studied c: is studying d: was studying
[Link] boy in the water ………………………… for help while I ……………………… by the
river.
a: cry/ walk b: cries/ was c: was crying/ d: was crying/ was
walking walked walking
13. While she ………………………………………. TV, her two kids came from school.
a: watch b: watched c: watches d: was watching
53
[Link] sun …………………………… when we went out.
a: shining b: was shining c: shines d: shine
15. I ………………………. like opera, but now I don‟t.
a) used to b) use to c) am used to d) get used to
16. I …………………………to like western music, but now I do.
a) didn‟t use b) didn‟t used c) use not to d) didn‟t use to
17. I always ……………………….. be afraid of the dark.
a) use to b) used to c) was used to d) am using to
18. I ……………………….. drive a big car.
a) didn‟t use to b) wasn‟t used to c) didn‟t used to d) get use to
19. I have lived in a big city for ten years, so I ……………………… the noise.
a) am used to b) used to c) am use to d) didn‟t use to
20. It took me a long time to …………………………. living in the country.
a) get use to b) get used to c) used to d) used to
21. The bus ………………………….. while she was getting on. .
a: move b: moving c: moved d: was moving

[Link] ..........................at seven o‟clock last night.

a: has Sarah done b: is Sarah doing c: does Sarah do d: was Sarah doing
[Link] ......................... an e-mail to Raneem last week.
a:sends b: sent c: will send d: is sending
[Link] Hanan .......................a film on TV, the phone rang three times.
a: watching b: watched c: watches d: was watching
[Link] we ..................... football, Ramy fainted.
a: are playing b: have played c: were playing d: had played
[Link] ..................... in the sea while fishing.
a: fall b: fell c: fill d: full
[Link] Barcelona and R. Madrid .......................the match. It rained heavily.
a: were playing b: have played c: are playing d: was playing
[Link] ……………………. The room while her son was playing music.
a: came b: entered c: went d: was going

54
29. What ………………………… when Lara saw you?
a: are you doing b: do you do c: did you do d: were you doing
[Link] was painting the room ……………….. he spilt the paint on the floor
c when b: while c: as d: because

*Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets :

[Link] my way home, I came across an old friend . { When }

………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[Link] saw a terrible fire on the way to the shops. {while}
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

[Link] was doing his homework when his father arrived {While}
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[Link] telephone rang while I was helping my mum in the kitcken. { When }
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[Link] telephone rang while we were having our breakfast. {during}
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[Link] the light went off, I was studying. { While }
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7.I walked down the street. At that time, I saw an accident . {while walking}
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

55
8.I surfed the net At the same time, my father drove home. {While}
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
9..My mother cooked a meal. During that time, my sister cleaned her room.{While}
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
10. While I was staying in Alex. , I saw beautiful beaches . { during }
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Choose the correct sentences :

1-They ………. to find water the day before they were rescued.
a)manage b)had managed c)had been managing
2-The plane …….. over the Alps when it got caught in a storm.
a)had been flying b)had flown c)flew
3-…………your tents by the time the rain started?
a)Had you been putting up b)Had you put up c)Did you put up
4-He ……….. his leg, so he couldn‟t go skiing.
a)break b)had broken c)had been breaking
5-She had ………… for hours before she reached the village.
a)been walking b)walking c)walks
6-I …….. that hiking in the mountains would be so difficult until I actually attempted it.
a)hadn‟t imagined b)didn‟t imagine c)hadn‟t been imagining

7-I was starving because I ………… anything for three days.

a)hadn‟t eaten b)had eaten c)hadn‟t been eating

56
 8- Karen …………. well for ages, so she looked very tired.
a) hadn't been sleeping b) wasn't sleeping c) hasn't slept d) didn‟t sleep
9-…………the novel before you saw the film?'' Yes, and the book was better.'
a) Were you reading b) Have you read c) Had you read d) You had read
10- Julia was very hungry because she ………… all week.
a) diets b) dieted c) had been dieting d) dieting
11- By the time he got to the theatre, the play ……………. .
a) had started b) had start c) has started d) started
12- They …….. who she was until her fans started screaming her name.
a) didn‟t realize b) hasn't realized c) hadn't realized d) realized

** Rewrite the following sentences :-

1-Andy does his homework after he eats lunch. (had)
………………………………………….………………………………
2- I haven‟t talked to him for a week . (since)
………………………………………….………………………………
3-She first got dressed, then she went out. (After)
………………………………………….………………………………
4- He is waiting for his wife. Here she comes. (had been)
………………………………………….………………………………
5-There are lots of people in the museum today . (yesterday)
………………………………………….………………………………
57
6-Joe spent the whole day watching TV. (had )
………………………………………….…………………………………
7-After we had finished the training, we had a shower. ( before )
……………………………………….…………………………………
8- She had her breakfast and she went to work. (after)
………………………………………….………………………………
9- He had been following me for 2 hours before I noticed him.
(How long..?)
………………………………………….…………………………………
10- I bought a new car and started taking driving lessons. (had)
………………………………………….…………………………………
11- She fell asleep by the end of the film. (By the time)
………………………………………….…………………………………
12- He won the Oscar and retired. (had)
………………………………………….…………………………………
13-By the time I arrived at the cinema, the film had started. ( After )
...................................................................................................
14-They went out after it stopped raining. ( before )
....................................................................................................
15-I left the house , then it started to rain. ( As soon as )
....................................................................................................

58
16-Ali had his lunch and left home. ( By the time )
...................................................................................................
17-As soon as I saved money, I bought a camera. ( until )
.....................................................................................................
18-He took the medicine after he had been ill. ( He didn't )
.....................................................................................................
19-I read the message. Then I knew the time of his arrival. ( Before )
.....................................................................................................
20-I didn't go to bed until I had had my supper. ( After )
......................................................................................................

21- First, he finished his work. Then, he left the office. (until)
.............................................................................................. ........

59
A -Choose the correct item.
1- A: When I‟m home alone, I leave all the lights on.
B: Oh, no! You shouldn‟t/needn‟t waste so much energy!
2- A: Is it OK if I leave my car outside the library?
B: No, you mustn‟t/needn‟t park there.

3- A: We‟re starting a recycling scheme in my neighborhood.

B: Good idea. Everyone had to/ought to do something good for our planet.
4- A: I‟m not sure I can afford the ticket to the concert.
B: You don‟t have/needn‟t worry; I‟ll pay for it.
5- A: Why didn‟t Patrick come to school yesterday?
B: He must/had to go to the doctor‟s.
6- A: Did you get a taxi from the airport?
B: We didn‟t need to/mustn‟t. Paul picked us up

B-Fill in: mustn't, should, needn't, have to, didn‟t need to.
1- Our teacher says we ......................... submit our reports on endangered animals by Friday.
2- Ian ............................. take the bottles to the recycling Centre ; a council lorry comes and
collects all recyclables.

3-According to local laws, we ........................ light a campfire within the Restricted Fire Zone.

4-The Potters .................... spend much on electricity because they power their house with solar
energy.
5-We ............................. all try to rely less on our cars and more on public transport if we want
a cleaner environment.

60
C- Rewrite the sentences using appropriate modal verbs.
1. It‟s against the law to import endangered species.
We ………………………………………………………………………………..
2- It‟s not necessary for you to come to work tomorrow.
You ……………………………………………………………………………….
3- It‟s not a good idea to throw away recyclable items.
We ……………………………………………………………………………..
4- It wasn‟t necessary for the authorities to evacuate the village.
The authorities………………………………………………………………..
5- He was obliged to pay a fine for littering.
He ……………………………………………………………………....
6- It‟s necessary to pay to enter the wildlife park.
We ………………………………………………………..……………
7-We are advised to turn the tap off when brushing our teeth.
We ………………………………………………………………..
8-You have a strong obligation to report animal abuse.
You ……………………………………………………………………..

61
 We use the relative clauses to identify / describe the person / place thing in the main clause .

* A defining relative clause gives necessary information essential to the meaning of the main
sentence .
* A defining relative clause isn't put in commas and is introduced with who ,which , whose ,
where , when or why
* The relative pronoun can be omitted when it is the object of the relative clause.

Ex. The lantern ( which ) Tom made was very beautiful .

* A non- defining relative clause gives extra information and is not essential to the meaning of
the main sentence .
* A non- defining relative clause is put in commas and is introduced with who /whom/which /
whose /where /when .
* The relative pronoun cannot be omitted .

Ex. This year's parade , which I participated in , was a great success.

62
1) Rewrite the following sentences between brackets :-

1- He offered to give me a lift . It was very kind of him . ( which )

……………………………………………………………………………………………….
2- Your mother's novel is really interesting . I have read it . ( which )
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
3- Alex. is the city . I was born there . ( where )
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
4- I met a friendly girl . ( who )
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
5- I read an interesting book . ( which )
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
6- My cat always comes when I call it . Its name is Kitty . ( whose )
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
7- I heard a fantastic fairy tale . ( that )
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
8- Summer is the time .We go to the beach in summer . ( when )
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
9- Naguib Mahfouz is an Egyptian . He honored by an international award . ( who )
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
10- Alex is the city . It‟s located on the Mediterranean Sea . ( join )
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
11- This is the bus . I lost my wallet in it . ( which ) ( where )
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
12- I witnessed a terrible accident . ( which )
……………………………………………………………………………………………
63
2) Underline the correct words between brackets :-
1) Do you know the girl (who-where-whose) started in grade 7 last week?

2) Can I have the pencil (that-who-when) I gave you this morning?

3) A notebook is a computer (which-who-when) can be carried around.

4) I won't eat in a restaurant (whose-who-where) cooks smoke.

5) I want to live in a place (whose- where –when)there is lots to do.

6) Yesterday was a day (whose-who –when) everything went wrong!

7) My teacher, (when-which-who) came to Germany in 1986, likes to ride his mountain bike.

8) The heavy rain, (who-when-which) was unusual for the time of year, destroyed most of the

plants in my garden.

9) Einstein, (when-who-whose) was born in Germany, is famous for his theory of relativity.

10) The boy, (whose-who-when) parents both work as teachers at the school, started a fire in the
classroom.
11) My mother's company, (which-when-where) makes mobile phones, is moving soon from
Frankfurt to London.
12) In the summer I'm going to visit Italy (why-where-when) my brother lives.
13) The boy, (why-where-whose) toy broke into pieces , cried loudly .
14) The house in ( that – which – who ) we live , is new and large

64
*Rewrite the following sentences :-

1- Chinese is more difficult than English. (easy)

…………………………………………………………..…………………….
2- A vegetarian diet is healthier than a diet with meat in it. (as…as)
…………………………………………………………..…………………….
3-Small shops aren't as cheap as big department stores. (cheaper)
…………………………………………………………..…………………….
4- No city in Egypt is as crowded as Cairo. (most)
…………………………………………………………..…………………….
5-Playing tennis is more interesting than playing golf. (less)
…………………………………………………………..…………………….
6-Eating out is more expensive than eating at home. (as…as)
…………………………………………………………..…………………….
7- My brother is slightly older than me . (I'm)
…………………………………………………………..…………………….
8-No man is as handsome as my father in our city. (most)
…………………………………………………………..…………………….

65
9-No student is as sociable as Molly. (more)
…………………………………………………………..…………………….
10- This is the most comfortable hotel I've ever stayed in. (No hotel)
…………………………………………………………..…………………….
11- Driving fast is the most dangerous thing. (Nothing)
…………………………………………………………..…………………….
12- We have never seen anyone more curious than Sarah . (Sarah)
…………………………………………………………..…………………….
13- She is more sociable than her brother. (as…as)
…………………………………………………………..…………………….
14- If you work more, you'll be paid more. (more)
…………………………………………………………..…………………….
15-She's the quickest typist of all. (as…as)
…………………………………………………………..…………………….
16- Working hard makes you better . (The harder )
…………………………………………………………..…………………….
17-Sue is more patient than Emily. (as…as)
…………………………………………………………..…………………….
18-Ann is more generous than Tom. (as)
…………………………………………………………..…………………….
19- I haven't read an exciting story like this one. (This is )
…………………………………………………………………………………..
20- My car isn't as expensive as his. (more)
…………………………………………………………..…………………….
66
** Rewrite the following sentences :
1- His suit was nicer than the others ! ( nicest )
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2- No other costume is worse than her costume . ( worst )
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
3- Bob is slimmer than Jack . ( as )
………………………………………………………………………………………………
4- No other country is more crowded than China . ( by far )
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
5-Tom isn‟t as arrogant as Alan . ( more )
............................................................................................................................................
6-My coat is better than Anna's . ( as )
..........................................................................................................................................
7-His pullover is more expensive than mine . ( less )
..........................................................................................................................................
** Find the mistake and correct it :
1- It is getting cold and cold these days .
…………………………………………………………………………..
2- Steve is cheerful person I've ever met .
…………………………………………………………………………..
3- Sandra is clever than Sue .
………………………………………………………………………….
4- Ellie is as intelligent Suzy .
…………………………………………………………………………
5- That‟s more impressive story I've ever read .
…………………………………………………………………………

67
 Content
A) Novel ( Tale of Two Cities )by Charles Dickens

B) Poetry ( Solitary Reapers ) by William Wordsworth

68

5—ing form / to –infinitive

69
** Answer the Following Questions
1- "Recalled to life " Who do you think this message refers to ? Explain

This message refers to Lucie‟s father , [Link] who they thought that he was dead for many
years . However, Mr. Lorry discovered that he was alive .

2- Charles Dickens started his novel using some contradictions . Discuss .

He started his novel explaining the difference between the social states in the two countries ,
England and France before the French revolution .

3- Mr. Lorry described himself as a man of business . Illustrate .

Mr. Lorry tried to explain to Lucie that his life was devoted to work instead of handling the emotional matters .
He was interested in financial affairs as he was uncomfortable in sentimental situation .

4- Describe Lucie Manette .

She was a young lady with blond hair and blue eyes . She was the only daughter of Dr. Manette
She thought that her father had died .

5- Mr. Lorry met Miss Manette to tell her that her father was still alive . Justify .

[Link] met Miss Manette to tell her about his business relationship with her father . He told
her about his private affairs with her father . He also told her that her father was still alive and
that he was in the Bastille prison for about 18 years .
6- " Recalled to life .Comment

These words were said by Mr. Lorry to Jerry cruncher after he gave Mr. Lorry the letter . Mr. Lorry travelled to
Miss Lucie to tell her that her father was alive and they( [Link] and Lucie ) have to bring him back to
England .
70
:- ** Answer the Following Questions

1- Describe the scene of broken cask showing its significance .

This scene happened in the district of St Antoine in Paris . A barrel of red wine fell off and
cracked open . As the wine poured through the street , lots of barefooted men with ragged
clothes shouted “ Red Wine “ and threw themselves on the ground , struggling to collect as
much wine as they could in their cupped palm .

It indicates that the poor were starving . They behaved like animals that have gone hungry
for too long . They were without shoes , wearing ragged clothes which shows that they were
extremely suffering from poverty.
2- Lucie and Mr. Lorry went to Defarge at St. Antoine . Explain

They both went to bring Lucie‟s father , Dr. Manette , from France safely to England . This
was a secret service .

3- One man sacrificed his last drops of wine to scribble the word BLOOD on a wall . Discuss .

This common man was sending out a message to his oppressors, the king and the Nobel men , that
blood would soon flow in the streets of Paris . It is a sign for the beginning of the French revolution

4- How was Lucie‟s feeling when she first saw her father ?

On hearing her father , her hands trembled at her lips . there were tears coming out of her

eyes . She put her head on his shoulder and asked Defarge and Lorry not to speak or move .

71
5- What did Dr. Manette remember when he saw Lucie‟s hair ?

He remembered his wife who laid her head on his chest before he was brought to the Bastille .
He found hair on his chest and kept them .

6- “One hundred and five North Tower .” Comment

These words were said by Dr. Manette to Mr. Lorry when Mr. Lorry and Lucie went to bring
him to England . They saw him in a horrible state , with weak voice ; only his bright blue eyes
hadn‟t changed .

7- “Are you the jail‟s daughter ?” Comment

These words were said by Dr. Manette to Lucie when he first heard her voice .

8- “I have come to tell you that your pain is over .” Comment

These words were said by Lucie to her father when she went with Mr. Lorry to take him back
to England .

72
** Answer the Following Questions:-
1- There was always wild excitement when a man was about to hang . Explain

There were a lot of people at Old Baily , which was one of the most famous court in England .
That‟s because the trial of Charles Darney who had been charged with treason ; spying for the
French and certainly found guilty and condemned to death . people were waiting outside the
court excitedly to witness this trial .

2- What was Charles Darney accused of ?

He had been charged with treason , spying for th French , and almost certainly found guilty and
condemned to death .

3- Mr. Stryver was a cunning lawyer . Justify .

As he asked the witness that if he was sure that the person who he had seen was the prisoner and if he was sure
that he hadn‟t ever seen anybody looked like him . The witness said no , but when Stryver called Carton and
removed his wig , he admitted that Carton and Darney looked exactly the same .

4-" I care for no man on this earth and no man on earth cares for me. " Comment
These words were said by Sydney Carton to Darney when Carton took him to a nearby inn to eat something .
Before Charles left , Carton told him that he cared for no man and no man cared for him . . Carton is only lonely
and full of self- hatred .He claims a lack of feeling for others based on his belief that no one cares for him .

5- " Mr. Darney was so kind to my father ." Comment

Lucie said these words to the judge when he asked her if she had seen the prisoner before .

6- " I owe you my life ." Comment

Charles said these words to Mr. Stryver after his trial when Charles was found not guilty . Charles thanked
Stryver and told him that he had done a remarkable job .
73
** Answer the Following Questions:-
1- What did Mr. Lorry notice in Dr. Mannette‟s room ?

While having a look around Dr. Manette‟s house , Mr Lorry saw the bench and the shoemaker‟s
tools and remembered the room on the fifth floor above the café.

2- What did the Marquis‟ coach do with the little child ? What was his father‟s reaction ?

The carriage wheels ran over a child and a wild cry arose from the people on the street and the
carriage stopped . The father was crying and howling over the body of the child , and stood
desperately staring at the Marquis crying over and over saying “ Dead , Dead , Dead “.

3- “ Go fast to your grave .” Comment

This was the note which was written and put beside the murdered Marquis who was found
lying on a blood – soaked sheets on his huge bed .

4- “ I feel I am in certain danger here . “

.These word were said by Charles Darney to his uncle , the Marquis when the last asked him
why wouldn‟t you be in France . Charles told him that he doesn‟t feel comfortable in France as
he thought that his family , including the Marquis have used their position unfairly .

5- I can‟t understand why you people can‟t take care of yourselves and your children .”

These words were said by the Marquis to the father of the killed child and the people who were
standing shocked after the child‟s death .

74
** Answer the Following Questions:-
1- Who do you think would be the best husband for Lucy ; Sydney Carton , Mr. Stryver or
Charles Dickens ?

Critical thinking question , depend on the student‟s answer , but justify your answers .

2- Charles is in love with Lucie . Explain .

Charles was madly in love with Lucie whom he had adored since the day he first saw her .He
wanted to marry her , so he went to her house and told her father that he loved her .

3- “ I am useless and always will be .” Comment

These words were said by Sydney Carton to Lucie Manette when he visited her at her house
and Lucie begged him to try to change his life .

75
** Answer the Following Questions:-
1- How did Dr. Manette relapse after his daughter‟s marriage ?

When Lucie and Charles had left on their honeymoon , Dr Manette fell into a deep depression
.When Mr. Lorry came round to see him ,he found him sitting at his bench working on a young
lady‟s walking shoe .

2- Why do you think Dr. Manette retreated into his depression after Lucie‟s wedding ?

( Students‟ own justified answers )

3- How did Miss Pross and Mr. Lorry help Dr. Manette to come out of his relapse ?

One night ,when Dr. Manette left ,Mr. Lorry took a saw and axe and with Miss Pross holding a
candle , they went to dr. Manette‟s room . Like two thieves at night , they both destroyed the
shoemaker‟s bench and buried the tools in a hole at the bottom of the garden .

4- " Tell me one last time that you don‟t mind ." Comment

These words were said by Lucie to her father before her marriage to Charles . She wanted to
know if he accepted her marriage or not .

4- "I would ask you to be more generous towards the poor man " Comment

These words were said by Lucie to Charles after Carton‟s visit to them after their return from
their honeymoon . Lucie felt that Charles talked with Carton in an unkind way , so she asked
him to be nicer with him as he is an unfortunate and needs a friend .

76
** Answer the Following Questions:-
1-Who gave Charles and Lucie the greatest pleasure?

Little Lucie who was the apple of their eye and the darling of al the faithful visitors .

2-" He was the first stranger to whom she held out her plump little arms to be lifted up
and held ."Discuss

He was talking here about little Lucie who was very fond of carton despite his rough exterior.

3-What happened on the morning of 14 July 1789?

In this day , the district of St. Antoine in Paris was like a boiling pot . lots of people had
come out onto the streets carrying knives , sticks , guns and Defarge was leading them on;
shouting to the Bastille .Not far from Defarge , his wife was heading a wild group of
women with axes and hammers and they started the French Revolution .

4- " Now you're paying for all the pain you've caused. " Comment

These words were said by Mrs. Defarge to one of the officers while she was plunging the knife
into his neck ,and the blood gushed from his neck .

77
* Answer the following questions :
1- Who sent Charles to the prison of la force ?

.……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

2- Where did Dr. Manette and his family stay in Paris ?

.……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

3- “ Your husband is not my business , only you and your daughter .”

.……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

78
* Answer the following questions :
1- Why do you think Carton came to Paris without telling anyone ?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

2- Why do you think the Defarges hadn‟t shown Dr. Manette‟s letter to anyone till now ?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

3- “ This account was found in cell one hundred and five , North Tower. It was written by the
doctor .” COMMENT .

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

79
* Answer the following questions :
1-If you were Carton , would you decide to end your life in this way? Justify your answer .

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
2- The revolution was a double aged weapon . What do you think ?

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
3-What do you think the word BLOOD on the wall foreshadow ?

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
4- What do you think the meaning of Defarge and what does the knitting of Mme. Defarge
symbolize ?

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
80
5- Was Lucy right when she refused Carton‟s proposal to her ?Give reasons .

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
6- Choose a character you sympathize with / respect or despise , talk about it giving your
reasons .

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
7-Write another end to your favorite character .

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
8-Discuss the themes of revenge and self-sacrifice briefly .

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………….

81
82
 The Solitary Reaper
William Wordsworth
Stanza One
Behold her, single in the field,
Yon solitary Highland Lass!
Reaping and singing by herself;
Stop here, or gently pass!
Alone she cuts and binds the grain,
And sings a melancholy strain;
O listen! for the Vale profound
Is overflowing with the sound.
Paraphrase
In the First stanza of “The Solitary Reaper,” Wordsworth describes how the Reaper was singing all alone.
During one of his journeys in the countryside of Scotland, he saw a a girl working in the field all alone. She had
no one to help her out in the field. So she was singing to herself. She was singing without knowing that
someone was listening to her song. The poet doesn‟t want to disturb her solitude. She was busy in her work of
cutting and binding while singing a melancholy song. For the poet, he is so struck by the sad beauty of her song.

Figures of speech :
1) Assonance ( repetition of vowel sound in words of the stanza )
O listen! for the Vale profound
Is overflowing with the sound
This makes some sort of music
2) contrast :
The words “ stop “ and “ pass “ are opposites and this makes the meaning clear .
Rhyme Scheme is ABABCCDD

83
Stanza Two
No Nightingale did ever chaunt
More welcome notes to weary bands
Of travellers in some shady haunt,
Among Arabian sands:
A voice so thrilling ne‟er was heard
In spring-time from the Cuckoo-bird,
Breaking the silence of the seas
Among the farthest Hebrides.
Paraphrase

In the second stanza of “The Solitary Reaper,” the poet compares the young woman‟s song with
„Nightingale‟ and „Cuckoo‟. But, here he complains that neither „Nightingale‟ nor the „Cuckoo‟
sang a song that is as sweet as hers. The song of the girl has stopped him from going to his
work. He is utterly enchanted that he says that her voice is so thrilling . He symbolically says
that her voice is more melodious and than that of the two birds,

Figures of speech :
1) Symbolism/ Metaphor

The poet makes a symbolic comparison of the young woman‟s song with Nightingale and
Cuckoo bird for the melodious nature of her song. But it turns out to be hyperbole for
he exaggerates that her song is better than theirs.

2)Alliteration
“No” “ Nightingale “ The sound /n/ is repeated making some sort of music .
84
Stanza Three

Will no one tell me what she sings?–

Perhaps the plaintive numbers flow
For old, unhappy, far-off things,
And battles long ago:
Or is it some more humble lay,
Familiar matter of to-day?
Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain,
That has been, and may be again?
Paraphrase
In the third stanza of “The Solitary Reaper,” The poet said that he couldn‟t understand the local Scottish dialect(
accent ) in which the reaper was singing. So tries to imagine what the song might be about. He speculates that
her song might be about some past sorrow, pain, or loss ‘of old, unhappy things„. Or perhaps, he says, it is a
humbler, simpler song about some present sorrow, pain, or loss.

Figures of speech :
1)Rhetorical questions:
Or is it some more humble lay,
Familiar matter of to-day?
The rhetorical question helps to make the point clear.
2) Alliteration
-“ perhaps “. “ Plaintive “ the sound /p / is repeated
- “ some “ , “ sorrow “ the sound /s/ is repeated
It makes some sort of music .
85
 Stanza Four
Whate‟er the theme, the Maiden sang
As if her song could have no ending;
I saw her singing at her work,
And o‟er the sickle bending;–
I listened, motionless and still;
And, as I mounted up the hill,
The music in my heart I bore,
Long after it was heard no more.

Paraphrase
In the fourth stanza, the poet comes to the conclusion that whatever may be the theme of her
poem, it is not going to end. Not only her song but also her suffering sounds like a never-ending
one. He stays there motionless and listened to her song quite some times. Even when he left and
mounted up the hill he could still hear her voice, the song remained in his heart, long after he
heard that song.

Figures of speech :
1) Assonance
“ hill “ “ still “ / “ bore “ , “ more “ the vowels /i/ and /o/ is repeated to make
sort of music
2) Alliteration
“ saw” , “ singing “ the consonant /s/ is repeated

86
87
Supply the following parts in the following dialogue:
Jihan: Hi ,Samia . How are you ?
Samia : ……………………………………………………
Jihan: I'm glad to see you in the club . Are you a good athlete ?
Samia : Yes , I am a good swimmer .
Jihan : …………………………………………………… ?
Samia : I come twice a week in winter but almost every day in summer .
Jihan : …………………………………………………….. ?
Samia : Yes , I practise two games , tennis and basketball .
Jihan: I see you are in a hurry , aren't you ?
Samia : Yes ,…………because it is …………to go for training .
Jihan: Good bye .

Supply the following parts in the following dialogue:

Huda : Where have you been ?
Sana : ……………………………………………………
Huda: …………………………………………………. ?
Sana : I bought a piece of cloth .
Huda : Where are you going now ?
Samia : ……………………. in order to have a dress made .
Huda : How …………………………………………….. ?
Sana : I think I'll pay him 100 pounds . .
Huda : Oh ! It is too much . That's why I always prefer …………..
88
Supply the following parts in the following dialogue:
Principal : ……………………………………………… ?
A teacher : I teach Maths , sir .
Principal : …………………………………………………. ?
A teacher : I have been working in Bahrain .
Principal : How long ………………………… ?
A teacher : For five years .
Principal : ………………………………………. ?
A teacher : Because I missed my country and my family .

Supply the following parts in the following dialogue:

Nell : Do you play any musical instrument , Omar ?
Omar : yes , I do ……………………………………….. .
Nelly : When did you start playing them ?
Omar : The piano when I was 6 and the guitar when I was 9 .
Nelly : ………………………………………. ?
Omar : My favorite one is the guitar because I can play pop on it .
Nelly: ………………………………………. ?
Omar: I practise it every day after school and on Fridays .
Nelly : Is it more difficult to play the piano ?
Omar :No , ………………….. , but I like the guitar better .

89
Supply the missing parts of the following dialogues:

Carla :{1}…………………….………………………………………………?
Caro : Yes, I used to play computer games but now I‟m interested in the internet.
Clara : So you have internet friends, don‟t you?
Caro: {2}………………………………………………………….ten friends.
Clara: {3}……………………………………………………………………….?
Caro: Three from the United States, six from England and one from Germany.
Clara: {4}……………………………………………………………………….?
Caro: I chat with them twice a week.
Clara: {5}………………………………………………………………………..?
Caro: My e-mail is caro_2015@[Link]

Supply the missing parts of the following dialogues:

Conductor: Show me your ticket, please.

Passenger: I‟m sorry. {1}……………….………………………………………. .
Conductor: How did you lose it?
Passenger:{2}…………………..……………………………………………….. .
Conductor:{3}………………………………………………………………. .
Passenger :I can‟t buy another ticket. I don‟t have enough money.
Conductor: Then, will you please get off at the next station.
Passenger:{4}……………….…………………………………………………….?
Conductor: I‟m sorry. You can‟t stay until El-Nozha station.
Passenger:{5}…………………………………………………………………… .

90
Supply the missing parts of the following dialogues:
Yara :{1}…………………………………………………….…………….?
Tourist :I‟m from Japan.
Yara :Is this you first visit to Egypt?
Tourist :Yes, {2}………….……….…………………………………………..
Yara :{3}……………………………………..……………………………..?
Tourist :I think Egypt is a great country.
Yara :What{4}………………………………………………………….?
Tourist :I‟m planning to visit Hurghada, Luxor and Aswan.
Yara :{5} ……………………………………………………………………?
Tourist :Thank you very much.

Supply the missing parts of the following dialogues:

Adel :Hello, Ali. Nice to meet you again.{1}………………..………………..?

Ali :I‟ve been to England.
Adel :{2}………………..……………………………………………………..?
Ali :Yes, I enjoyed my stay there very much.
Adel :What did you do there?
Ali : {3}………………………………………………………………………….
Adel : {4} ……………………………………………………………………….?
Ali : Two weeks
Adel :{5}………………………………………………………………………….
Ali :Yes, I can speak English fluently.

91
Supply the missing parts of the following dialogues:

Amira :Hi Bassant. {1}………………………………………..………………?

Bassant :I travelled to Germany last summer.
Amira :{2}……………...……………………………………………………..?
Bassant :I went there to learn German.
Amira :{3}…………………………………………………………………..?
Bassant : I learnt German at the University of Hamburg.
Amira :{4}…………………………………………………………………..?
Bassant : Because I want to be a German translator.
Amira :{5}……………………………………………………………………?
Bassant : Yes, I made many German friends.

Supply the missing parts of the following dialogues:

Reem : I like your new cell phone. It‟s wonderful.

Leila : Really? And it‟s inexpensive also.
Reem : {1}…………………….………..………………………………………..?
Leila : {2} ………………………………...….……………………………………
Reem :That‟s a wonderful price. Where{3}……………………………………?
Leila :I bought it from Hyper One.
Reem :How did you go there?
Leila : {4}………………………………………………..……………………. .
Reem : {5} …………………………………….………………………………..?
Leila :Last Friday.

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1)Read the texts and choose the best answer, A, B, C or D.
1) Las Fallas

Every year the colourful Mediterranean city of Valencia in Spain celebrates the final
days of winter and the arrival of spring with one of the most popular and spectacular
festivals in the country, Las Fallas. From 15th to 19th March the whole city comes alive in
a carnival type atmosphere of fiesta, fireworks and bonfires and its population of one
million swells to over three million. The purpose of the festival is to create and then burn
huge life-like cardboard, wood, or paper-maché puppets or dolls called ninots.

The ninotsare crafted by neighbourhood organisations from different districts around

the city and usually take many months to make. Each one is designed to make fun of a
political figure, a sports celebrity, a famous actor, or a soap star. They are often several
stories tall and need to be moved into their final locations, at intersections and parks
around the city, by cranes. The ninots are displayed until 19th March, the day known as La
Cremá, or the burning. On the evening of the 19th, young men chop holes in the puppets
and stuff them with fireworks. The crowds start to chant, the streetlights are turned off and
all of the ninots are set on fire at exactly midnight. Each year, one of the ninots is pardoned
and spared from destruction by popular vote and is exhibited in the local Museum of the
Ninot with the ones from previous years.

The festival is not only about burning ninots, though, as there are a variety of other
activities for people to enjoy. During the day, bullfights, parades, paella and beauty
contests are held around the city. Every day at 2pm, fireworks explode around a main
square. This noisy but extremely popular event is called La Mascletá and involves
different neighbourhood groups competing for the most impressive display, ending with
the terremoto, or earthquake. Another important event is the Ofrenda de Flores a la Virgen
de los Desamparados. In this ceremony, thousands of people take to the streets wearing
traditional costumes and dancing to their neighbourhood bands. Everyone comes together
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to form a procession to the Plaza de la Virgen where they offer bouquets of flowers to a
giant image of the Virgin Mary.

The origin of Las Fallas is far from clear. Some people believe that it evolved from
pagan rituals that celebrated the onset of spring and the planting season. Centuries ago,
Valencia used streetlights they hung on wooden structures called parrots. When the days
became longer they ceremoniously burned the parrots on St Joseph's Day. Others say that
the origins of the festival go back to the time when carpenters cleared out their workshops
at the end of winter, throwing out unused pieces of wood and old candles and lighting
1-According to the text, before the festival begins, people
A- decorate the streets.
B- prepare bonfires.
C- make giant puppets.
D- design costumes.
2-The pardoned ninot is displayed
A- for five days.
B- for 1 month.
C- for 1 year.
D- indefinitely.
3-According to the text, the origins of the festival are
A- Christian.
B- foreign.
C- pagan.
D- uncertain.
4-The word „them‟ in bold in paragraph 2 refers to
A- fireworks.
B- holes.
C- puppets.
D- young men.
5-The writer‟s purpose is to

A- describe a festival.
B- justify the reasons for a festival.
C- promote a festival.
D- make fun of a festival.

6- Summarize the text in two sentences from your own words .

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3)Read the text and choose the best answer, A, B, C or D.

When I landed in America, I could not help being strongly impressed with the
contrast their Custom-house presented, and the attention, politeness and good humour
with which its officers carried out their duty. As we did not land at Boston, in
consequence of some delay at the quay, until after dark, I received my first impressions of
the city in walking down to the Custom-house on the morning after our arrival, which was
Sunday. When I got into the streets on this Sunday morning, the air was so clear, the
houses were so bright: the signboards were painted in such vivid colours; the gold-painted
letters were so very golden; the bricks were so very red, the stone was so very white, the
window blinds and area railings were so very green, the knobs and plates upon the street
doors so marvellously bright and twinkling – that every main road in the city looked
exactly like a scene in a pantomime. It rarely happens in the business streets that a
tradesman, if I dare to call anybody a tradesman, where everybody is a merchant, lives
above his store; so that many occupations are often carried on in one house, and the whole
front is covered with signs.

As I walked along, I kept glancing up at these signs, confidently expecting to see a

few of them change into something; and I never turned a corner suddenly without looking
out for the clown and stage comedian, who, I had no doubt, were hiding in a doorway or
behind some pillar close at hand. The suburbs are, if possible, even more make-believe
than the city. The white wooden houses, with their green blinds, are so scattered about in
all directions, without seeming to have any root at all in the ground that I almost believed
the whole affair could be picked up piece by piece like a child‟s toy, and crammed into a
little box.

The city is a beautiful one, and cannot fail, I should imagine, to impress all
strangers very favourably. The private dwelling-houses are, for the most part, large and
elegant; the shops extremely good; and the public buildings handsome. The State House
96 gradually at first, and afterwards gets
is built upon the summit of a hill, which rises
steeper and steeper, almost from the water‟s edge. In front is a green area, called the
Common. The site is beautiful and from the top there is a charming panoramic view of the
whole town and neighbourhood.

There is no doubt that much of the intelligence and good taste of Boston is due to
the quiet influence of the University of Cambridge, which is within three or four miles of
the city. Many of the upper class in Boston and its neighbourhood have been educated at
this same school. Whatever the defects of American universities may be, they do not
1- In paragraph 2, the author compares the suburbs to
A stage equipment.
B a playground.
C a plaything.
D a small container.

2- In the last sentence of paragraph 4, what does „their‟ refer to?

A the upper class
B students
C Bostonians
D American universities

3- What is the writer‟s purpose in the passage?

A to explain why he visited a city
B to show the impact a city had on him
C to describe the residents of a city
D to give the history of a city

4- Why did the writer wait till the following day to visit Boston?
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5- What was the author‟s first impression of the city?

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1- Give a suitable title to the passage .
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 4) Born to be happy
Have you ever asked yourself why some people are happier than others? Chances are you
probably concluded that it must be due to them being born into a wealthy family, having the right
job or perhaps just the luck of the draw. So, would you be surprised to hear that it‟s unlikely to be
down to any of the above? Recent research suggests that everyone has a specific level of happiness
they always return to no matter what happens in their life, whether it is positive or negative. This
means that even if something wonderful happens, the increase in happiness that it causes will not be
long lived. In fact, it is believed that 50% of our happiness is genetic, 10% is determined by
circumstances, such as social status, income level, relationships and so on and 40% is related to our
everyday activities, thoughts and feelings.

One study that followed a number of lottery winners over a period of a year after their win
showed that, a year on after the initial excitement had passed, their level of happiness hadn‟t
increased from their pre-win days. Conversely, people who suffered a serious injury due to an
accident and became depressed because of it regained their former level of happiness after a year.
Some researchers believe that this is in large part due to our genetics rather than our environment
and that our overall happiness may depend on whether we received the long or short version of a
certain gene known as 5-HTT, which is involved in the transport of the feel-good chemical
serotonin in the brain. A study of more than 2,500 Americans showed that those born with two long
versions of the gene were more likely to consider themselves „very satisfied‟ with life than those
with short versions.

Other studies, focused on the brain, have discovered significant differences between happy
and unhappy people. According to some experts, the brains of happy people notice and appreciate
positive things in life more than the brains of unhappy people. Scientists carried out brain scans on
volunteers who were shown a series of images designed to produce positive or negative feelings.
The scans showed that all the volunteers' brains reacted in the same way to the negative and neutral
images while the „happy‟ volunteers demonstrated an enhanced activity in the section of the brain
called the amygdala, which is used in perception and regulating emotional reactions.

These studies may in time give us an insight into the causes of happiness but it is an
extremely complex area and we are only at the beginning of our voyage of discovery. Therefore,
experts remain cautious about any results. One expert says that inheriting two short versions of the
„happy gene‟ does not mean that a person is bound to a life of misery any more than two long
versions would make someone euphoric all their life. Happiness is only partly influenced by genetic
makeup and each individual‟s experiences throughout the course of their life remain important
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factors in contributing to happiness. Still, the bottom line is that we might spend a lifetime
searching for happiness in material things while the truth is that the happiness you seek is within.
1- In the first paragraph, the writer states that
A we have practically no control over our happiness.
B genetics has a major effect on our happiness.
C we can completely control our own happiness.
D we are only happy if we are well-off.

2- In one study, people who had won the lottery

A were not any happier a year later.
B didn‟t notice any difference throughout the year.
C were happy for a long time.
D were depressed a year later.

3- Some scientists believe that

A unhappy people are too emotional.
B everybody‟s brain has the same reaction.
C images have no effect on emotions.
D a part of „happy‟ people‟s brains is more active.

4- What do Experts think of the subject?

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5- What is the main purpose of the article ?

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5)Read the following passage and answer the questions:-
The Mursi Tribe of Ethiopia

The Omo River Valley in southwest Ethiopia is one of the most remote yet culturally diverse
places on the planet and is even believed by some to be the birthplace of human civilisation. Today, it is
home to eight different ancient African tribes whose lifestyles haven‟t changed for centuries. The most
fascinating and unique of these tribes is the Mursi.

The Mursi Tribe numbers about 7,500 individuals. They live in the lower Omo Valley where the
men herd cattle and grow crops. Livestock is their most valued possession and is also a measure of social
status. Although the Mursi are more or less settled, they have to move twice a year due to unpredictable
rainfall.

The Mursi people have few religious beliefs or ceremonies and don‟t practise many crafts.
However, body decoration and alteration is an important part of their culture that they commonly
practise. They are best known and most recognisable for the pottery or wooden lip plates worn by their
women. At the age of 15 or 16 girls have their lower lips cut and a small clay plate inserted into it. Over
the following years, larger plates are inserted into the lip causing it to stretch. The plate is a symbol to
show the girl has reached womanhood and it is a source of great pride and self-esteem to the Mursi
women. However, the women only wear the plates for a short time each day because they can be heavy
and uncomfortable.

Both the men and women of the tribe use paint to decorate their bodies and faces. Men proudly
show scars as a sign of their manhood and of how many enemies they have defeated. However, the only
battles they fight these days are part of a tradition of ceremonial duelling (thagine). This is a very
important aspect of the Mursi men‟s lives. Thagine is a form of martial art in which men take part in
single combat using wooden poles called dongen and wear decorative and protective clothing. The
winner is carried around by the men and then surrounded by young girls who lay goatskins on the ground
for him to sit on and hold a cotton cloth above him, stretched on duelling poles, to provide shade and to
symbolise a mother protecting her baby from the sun.

Unfortunately, the Mursi way of life is at risk of disappearing as their land is being taken away
and they are being forced to move. Many Mursi are 100 beginning to make a living from tourism while
others have left the land to live in urban areas.
A) Choose the correct answer from a , b , c or d :-
1- The Mursi tribe is

A-the last remaining ancient tribe in the Omo Valley.

B-the oldest tribe of the Omo Valley.
C-one of several ancient tribes of the Omo Valley.
D-the most culturally diverse tribe in the Omo Valley.

2- The main reason the tribe moves twice a year is

A-habit.
B-the climate.
C-to avoid cattle thieves.
D-to follow their cattle.

3- The Mursi are famous for

A-their crafts.
B-their body paint.
C-their women‟s appearance.
D-their pottery.

4 Thagine is important to Mursi men because

A-it allows them to meet girls.
B-it proves their manhood.
C-it teaches them martial arts.
D--it makes them popular.

5-Where is The Omo River Valley located ?

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102
The Plan of writing:-
Introduction

- State the problem and / or its causes

Main Body

- Body par.1 … first suggestion and expected result

- Body par.2… second suggestion and expected result

- Body par.3… third suggestion and expected result

Conclusion

- Summarize your opinion

Go Back to student book ― Writing103bank 2 ―

* Write a problem solution essay about the problem of AIR POLLUTION

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* Write a problem solution essay about the problem of ENDANGERED SPECIES

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* Write a problem solution essay about the problem of DEFORESTATION

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* Write a paragraph about How to save the environment

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* Write a paragraph about How to save energy

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* Write a paragraph about How to save water :

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 1) Supply the missing parts in the following dialogue :
An interviewer is talking to an astronaut about space
Interviewer : I‟m glad to meet you . How long have you been working as a space astronaut ?
Astronaut : Thanks . .............................................................
Interviewer : ........................................................................................ ?
Astronaut : Neil Armstrong was the first astronaut to walk on the moon .
Interviewer : Where do astronauts stay when they are in space ?
Astronaut : .......................................................................................
Interviewer : ............................................................................... ?
Astronaut : No, life isn‟t easy on a space station .

Interviewer : Finally , What‟s your advice for our youth ?

Astronaut : ............................................................................................

2)Underline the correct word / words between brackets:

1. They ( put – get – meet – play ) together at Sam‟s house every Friday .
2. This blouse doesn‟t ( fits – suits – match – fit ) me . It‟s the wrong size .
3. ( Do – Do in – Do up – Do on ) your coat , it‟s very cold outside .
4. ( Modest – Caring – Gentle – Moody ) people don‟t like talking about their achievements .

5. Tim is arrogant and often looks ( up – forward – down – up ) on other people.

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6. This is the house ( where – that – which – in which ) my dad bought .
7. The telephone rang (while- during- when – as ) breakfast.
8. He (has waiting- had been waiting – had waited – waited ) for his wife two hours before
she came .
9. This is ( most interesting – more interesting – the most interesting – interesting ) novel
I‟ve ever read .
10.- The parrot fish has got( different – unique – limited – traditional ) characteristics such as
the ability to change shape or color .

3)Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets.

1. No other girl is more sensitive than Sara . (by far )
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2. Working hard makes you earn much money . (harder )
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4. She had her breakfast and she went to work. (As soon as)
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5. He was obliged to pay a fine for littering. ( had to )

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6- Alex. is a charming city . It‟s located on the Mediterranean Sea. ( which )
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4) Read the following passage and answer the questions:-
The Louvre Museum is one of the largest and most famous museums in the
world . The museum is housed in the Louvre Palace , originally built in the late in
the 12th to 13th century under Philip II . It was used to display the royal collection ,
including a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture . In 1793 , the
museum was opened with an exhibition of 537 paintings , but it was closed from
1796 to 1801 .
It was opened again and the collection was increased under Napoleon to
20,000 pieces . Now it contains more than 380,000 works of art . It is located in the
middle of Paris , France , the Louvre attracts millions of visitors each year . It has
some of the most famous paintings and sculptures on earth . Leonardo da Vinci‟s
Mona Lisa , and the Greek sculpture “ the winged Victory of Samothrace (
sculpture of Nike ) can be found in the museum .
In addition to art , the Louvre has many other types of exhibits , including
archaeology , history and architecture . The museum is so large that it would take
about 4 months to visit each piece . Some people visit it several times because the
cannot see everything in one visit . They say that even though they are visiting the
same museum , every visit is a new experience .
A) Choose the correct answer from a , b , c or d :-
1. People spend much time in Louvre because
a- the museum is very far
b- the museum has a huge number of pieces
c- the visitors don‟t like the museum
d- the museum is crowded
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[Link] best title for this passage is
a- Greek and roman sculpture c- The Louvre Museum
b- Napoleon built the Louvre d- Visiting Paris , France

3- After 1801 , the museum

a- became more crowded c- became more famous
b- has a bigger collection d- had much space

B) Answer the following questions :-

[Link] from the text why many people visit the Louvre several time.
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[Link] you think the Louvre Museum will have the same importance in the future ?
Why ? why not ?
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6- Summarize the last paragraph of the text in one sentence .
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5) The Reader “ The Tale of Two Cities “

1)Answer TWO of the following :

1- "Recalled to life " Who do you think this message refers to ? Explain
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2- Choose a character you sympathize with / respect or despise , talk about it
giving your reasons ..
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3- What was Charles Darney accused of ?
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2)Answer THREE of the following comments :

1- “One hundred and five North Tower .”

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2 -" I care for no man on this earth and no man on earth cares for me. "

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 3- I can‟t understand why you people can‟t take care of yourselves and your children .”
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4- “ Go fast to your grave .”

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6) Poetry “ Solitary Reapers “

Behold her, single in the field,
Yon solitary Highland Lass!
Reaping and singing by herself;
Stop here, or gently pass!
Alone she cuts and binds the grain,
And sings a melancholy strain;
O listen! for the Vale profound
Is overflowing with the sound.

1) Paraphrase the stanza .

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2) Extract the figures of speech .

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7) Writing

**Write an essay on ONLY ONE of the following topics :

1-Write a problem solution essay about the problem of ENDANGERED SPECIES

2- Write a paragraph about How to save energy

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Best of Luck
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