READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY | RPH 100

MS. REINA KIMBERLY G. SOLON, LPT

TOPIC: VISAYAN CUSTOMS - she chants her songs and invoked the demon to foretell a
fortune, declares if a person is sick
Relación de las Filipinas by Miguel Loarca - the sacrifices took place to the sound of bells and
kettle-drums
MIGUEL LOARCA
- first spaniard to conduct colony’s earliest census ● when they go to war, they offer sacrifices to VARANGAO,
- a layman who have unbiased knowledge of writing the the rainbow, and their gods, YNAGUINID & MACANDUC
excerpt; non-religous perspective ● for the redemption of sould detained in the inferno, they
- beliefs from people of Panay or the “Pintados” invoke their ancestors and the dead and receive answers to
- loyal Spanish military officer questions
- requested by Governor-General Ronquillo to write and ● Gold Death Mask of Oton: to repel evil spirits from entering
account of the colony to King Philip II the body, adopted from the Chinese; a testament to the rich
- foundation and basis of the succeeding accounts burial traditions of early Filipinos and the belief of the
afterlife; a manifestation of early Filipinos goldsmiths
INFORMATION FROM THE EXCERPT
LAWS OF SLAVERY:
YLIGUEYNES - there will be no slaves, only if they have fines to pay in
- people of the coast jewels or gold then they can be slaves to the borrowee
- believed there are no heaven and earth had no beginning
CAPTAN & MAGUAYEN CLASSES OF SLAVES:
- the two gods 1. AYUEY
- the land breeze and sea breeze were married and gave a - most thoroughly enslaved, bondman of him who is
reed, and planted by Captan which became a man and a served in his own dwelling
woman - work 3 days for the master, and 1 day for
SICALAC themselves
- The man and so man were called lalac - women work in the houses of chiefs
SICAVAY - only the ones who receive food and clothing from
- the woman, and so all females were called babayes the masters
- when slaves die, master takes away all properties
● Sicalac asked Sicavay for them to get married but she 2. TUMARANPOC
refused as they were Siblings but he insisted since they are - live in their own houses
the only ones left to reproduce - work 1 day for their masters and 3 days for
● so they asked the advice from the tunnies of the sea, themselves
doves of the air, and the earthquake from which they had - fail to work for masters, give their masters each
their answer that marrying each other was the choice year ten chicubites of rice = 1 fanega
- if they have children: serve half month in spinning
SICAVAY + SICALAC = and weaving cotton that master supplies, and half
1. SIBO: the first son month for themselves
2. SAMAR: the first daughter - when slaves die, master takes away all properties
3. PANDAGUAN: son 3. TOMATABANS
- people hold in most respect for
SIBO + SAMAR = - work only when there is banquets or revel
1. LUPLUBAN: their first daughter - in occasions, they bring small gifts and share in the
drinking
LUPLUBAN + PANDAGUAN = - work for their master 5 days a month or annually
1. ANORANOR: their son give five chicubites of rice
- women spin only one hank of cotton each month
PANDAGUAN for the masters
- first to invent a fishing net and casted it to the sea - when the slaves dies, their property is shared to
- he catched a whale, brought it to the sea assuming it wont their children by the master
die, but it died hence he cursed the gods and mourned as to
why it was dead VALUE OF THE SLAVE:
- this was heard by Captan, and the the god sent flies, the 1. AYUEN: worth two golds taes of Labin sian (12 pesos)
weevil who brought back the news that it was a shark who 2. TUMARANPOC: worth two golds taes of Labin sian (12
died pesos)
- Captan was angry and so he and Maguayen made a 3. TOMATABANS: one tae (6 pesos)
thunderbolt which killed Pandaguan and he remained 30
days in the infernal regions where the devil took pity upon SEVERE OFFENSES TO BE ENSLAVED:
him, brought him back to life, and returned to the world - murder, adultery, theft, insulting any women of rank or taking
- while Pandaguan was dead, his wife (Lupluban) became a away her robe which makes her seen naked
concubine of a man called MACAROYRUN which the people
believed was the first case of concubinage in the world THIEVES
- when pandaguan returned, his wife was not at home as she - if commits a great robbery, he and his relatives are fined
was feasting on her friend’s house to eat the pig that he had - slaved if unable to pay fines
stolen: the first theft in the(ir) world - applies to all classes includ. the chief
- Lupluban told Pandaguan that she will not return to him as
the dead do not belong to the living hence pandaguan got IN TIME OF FAMINE
mad and he went back to the infernal regions - the poor who does not have the means of sustenance go to
the rich to be slaves in order to be fed
BAYLANAS
- sacrifices offered in times of sickness, seed-sowing, war
BAYLANES
- the priestesses or men who perform the Baylanas
- dress very gaily, with garlands on their heads and
resplendent with gold
- they bring PITARILLAS or an earthen jar full of rice wine
along with foods as sacrifices

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YOSHINO, MDA | SPC BSN - 1F (‘24-’25)
 READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY | RPH 100
MS. REINA KIMBERLY G. SOLON, LPT

TOPIC: TAGALOG CUSTOMS ● idolatry:

○ the sun, the moon,
Custombre de los Tagalos by Juan de Plasencia ○ Badhala, the all powerful and maker of all things
○ ang araw & buwan,
JUAN DE PLASENCIA ○ Mapolon para sa pagbago ng panahon
- Franciscan missionary since 1578-1590 ○ Dian Masalanta para sa mga magkasintahan
- written as an answer to the request of the monarchy of Spain ○ Lacapati para sa agrikultura
to provide pieces of information about the government, ○ Idinale para sa pagsasaka
administration, and the such of the “Indians” ● divisions of dates were determined by the cultivation of soils,
counted by the moons and the different effects produced
INFORMATION FROM THE EXCERPT upon the trees when yielding flowers, fruits, and leaves
- Laguna and the tongues, among the entire tagalog race ● manner of offering sacrifice
○ proclaim a feast and offer the devil what they had
POLITICAL/ECONOMIC CUSTOMS: to eat
1. DATO/DATU ○ done in front of an idol anointed with fragrant
- the chiefs who governed and captains of wars\ perfumes, s.a. musk and civet, gum of storax tree
- those who speak a word to their wives and children ○ praise it in poetic songs sung by the catolonan, the
will be severely punished priest
- ruled upto 100 houses in the barangay (their tribal ● girls who first had their monthly courses
gathering), the name being due to they came to the ○ eyes were blindfolded four days and four nights
land thru a boat ○ family and relatives are invited to partake of food
- barangay was the origin of families of parents and and drinks
childrens, relations and slaves ○ at the end, the catolonan will bathe and remove the
2. MAHARLICAS blindfold from the girl
- the second class in the patriarchy ○ this is done so as the girl will be able to bear
- maharlica + maharlica = free children children and find a good husband
- maharlica + slave = mother and children are free ● manner of burying the dead
- maharlica +slave-woman of another = half free, ○ deceased burried beside the house
half slave ○ if chief, it will be burried in a little porch that will be
- maharlica woman + slave man = all free if he is constructed; mourned for 4 days and then laid him
not her husband in a boat as a coffin or bier and guard was kept
- maharlica + alipin (either saguiguilir or over him by a slave
namamahay) = ● Maca: the village of rest, or paradise; for the just, valiant and
- 1st, 3rd, and 5th child -> father lived without doing harm
- 2nd, 4th, and 6th child -> mother ● Casanaan: place of anguish, punishment, grief, affliction
- if the parents are free/slave, children ● believed no one will go to the heaven except badhala
under them will also be free/slave ● pagans who also confessed more clearly to a hell and there
- if only one child = half free, half slave dwelt the demons which they called Sitan
3. TIMAWA ● Vibit: ghosts
- land owners/middle class ● Tigbalang: phantoms
4. ALIPIN ● Patianac: if any woman died in childbirth, she and the child
- poorest of the poor suffered punishment
a. NAMAMAHAY
b. SAGUIGUILID

● they condemned no one to slavery unless merited the

death-penalty
● witches are killed
● offenses were fined by gold and if not paid, culprit is to serve
○ half of their cultivated lands all belong to the master
○ master provide culprit with food and clothing and
enslaving culprit and children until mass is paid
● borrowers become slaves as well as their children if they
died
● child of a free married woman and husband punish adulterer,
child is considered a dowry and entered inheritance line
● if the husband did not punish adulterer, child is not of his

DOWRY
- given by the men to the women’s parents
- parents will enjoy it
- after parents death, it will be divided to children
- if wife does not have parents, dowry will be all to herself
- unmarried women can own no property

SPIRITUAL AND CULTURAL BELIEFS:

● simbahan. the temple or place of adoration, a former place
where pandot or worship took place but is now celebrated
in the large house of the chief
● large house of the chief
○ where pandot or worship took place
○ temporary shed’s roof or sibi to protect people from
being wet from rain
○ posts of the house there is sorihile or small lamps
and at the center of the house is a large lamp
○ beat successively the drums while the feast lasted
○ Pandot lasts for 4 days
○ the whole barangay celebrate nagaanitos
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YOSHINO, MDA | SPC BSN - 1F (‘24-’25)