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Automata Answer

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Ayush Paul
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31 views

Automata Answer

Uploaded by

Ayush Paul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Answer:-

1. What does the output of a Mealy Machine depend on?


○ Answer: c) Both the current state and input symbol
2. Which type of language is accepted by finite automata?
○ Answer: b) Regular language
3. What is the defining feature of a dead state in a finite automaton?
○ Answer: c) It cannot reach any accepting state
4. Which machine recognizes context-free languages?
○ Answer: d) Pushdown Automata
5. What is a null (ε) production in a context-free grammar?
○ Answer: c) A production that leads to an empty string

Section B: Short Answer Questions

1. Define DFA and explain its components.


A Deterministic Finite Automaton (DFA) is a theoretical model of computation that
operates with a finite number of states. The DFA processes an input string of
symbols and determines whether to accept or reject it by transitioning through states.
Components of a DFA:
○ Q: Finite set of states
○ Σ (Sigma): Finite set of input symbols (alphabet)
○ δ (Delta): Transition function (δ: Q × Σ → Q)
○ q₀: Start state (initial state)
○ F: Set of accepting (final) states
2. Write down a simple explanation for how DFA and NFA differ. Provide an
example where an NFA can use epsilon transitions.
○ A DFA has exactly one transition for each state and input symbol, making it
deterministic. A NFA (Non-deterministic Finite Automaton), on the other hand,
can have multiple transitions for the same input symbol and state or even
transitions without consuming any input (ε-transitions).
○ Example of ε-transition: In an NFA, from state q₀, there could be a transition to
q₁ on ε without consuming an input symbol.
3. What is the difference between Mealy and Moore machines?
○ Mealy Machine: The output depends on both the current state and the input
symbol.
○ Moore Machine: The output depends only on the current state, and not on
the input symbol.
4. Explain the concept of a dead state in finite automata.
A dead state is a state in a finite automaton from which no sequence of input
symbols can lead to an accepting state. Once the automaton reaches the dead state,
it will always stay there for any input.
5. What is a Pushdown Automaton (PDA)? List its key components.
A Pushdown Automaton (PDA) is a computational model used to recognize
context-free languages. It extends the concept of a finite automaton by adding a
stack for memory.
Key Components:
○ Q: Finite set of states
○ Σ (Sigma): Input alphabet
○ Γ (Gamma): Stack alphabet
○ δ (Delta): Transition function (δ: Q × Σ × Γ → Q × Γ)
○ q₀: Start state
○ Z₀: Initial stack symbol
○ F: Set of accepting state

Section C: Long Answer Questions


1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dY1bCC6syLI
2. Explain the difference between a Turing Machine, a DFA, and a Pushdown
Automaton with examples of problems solvable by each.

● DFA: A DFA can solve problems involving regular languages, such as determining if
a string contains an even number of 0's and 1's.
● PDA: A PDA can recognize context-free languages, like balanced parentheses or
palindromes.
● Turing Machine: A Turing machine can solve more complex problems, including
recursively enumerable languages, like determining if a string belongs to a particular
formal language that requires unlimited memory, such as the Halting problem.

3. Define Context-Free Grammar (CFG). Write the four components of CFG and explain
the process of generating a string using a CFG.
A Context-Free Grammar (CFG) is a set of rules that define a context-free language.
Components of CFG:

● V: A finite set of non-terminal symbols.


● Σ (Sigma): A finite set of terminal symbols.
● P: A finite set of production rules.
● S: A start symbol.

To generate a string, start from the start symbol (S) and apply production rules to derive a
string composed only of terminal symbols.

Section D: Problem Solving


1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0XaGAkY09Wc&t=713s
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LioitkXDfmA

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