Migration Letters

Volume: 19, No: S2 (2022), pp. 1666-1676

ISSN: 1741-8984 (Print) ISSN: 1741-8992 (Online)
www.migrationletters.com

Building and Educating Vietnamese People Standards for

Generation Z
Dr. Nguyen Thi Nhu Hue1

Abstract
Generation Z (Gen Z) refers to those born between 1995 and 2012, influenced by
technology and the Internet since their birth. Being exposed to technology and social
networks from an early age, this generation can use technology proficiently and have a
sharp and intuitive mindset. Gen Z is generally open-minded and adaptable. They dare to
think, dare to do, dare to speak, and respect themselves. They hardly prefer a leisurely and
pre-arranged life. They are gradually becoming pioneers of new trends and tendencies in
today's society. The characteristics of Gen Z require the creation and education of
Vietnamese standards, in which the emphasis will be on inheriting a number of traditional
Vietnamese standards such as patriotism and benevolence; pointing out some outdated
traditions that are no longer suitable for Gen Z in the new era; analyzing some standards
that are considered suitable for the new era such as responsibility, discipline, and
creativity. In addition, this article points out a number of requirements for education and
propagation of Vietnamese standards such as technology application, combining family,
school, and social education for Gen Z in the current context.

Keywords: Gen Z, standards for Vietnamese people.

Introduction
Author Ho Si Quy suggests the need to classify standards in different fields such as culture,
ethics, law, and economics,... Author Luong Dinh Hai points out 5 characteristics of the
new context in building and developing the value system and human standards in Vietnam
are the market economy; science and technology; globalization; and the complicated
relationship between countries. In addition, the author also shows the socio-economic
conditions in Vietnam through 35 years of renovation and the basic standards of
Vietnamese people determined through different historical periods. Authors Le Ngoc Van
and Le Thi Dan Dung have pointed out the functions of standards, the classification of
standards, the relationship between standards and values, definition, structure, and
empirical indicators for studying Vietnamese standards. Author Nguyen Chi Dung has
given the concept of standards and factors affecting the formation of social norms, and
traditional Vietnamese standards (patriotism; industriousness, love of labor; solidarity, high
community spirit; loyalty and faithfulness,...), on this basis, he points out the variation of
these standards in modern society. Authors Dang Thi Lan and Nguyen Thi Le Thu have
pointed out challenges to building Vietnamese standards such as moral degradation, and
the decline, or the breakdown of traditional values. On that basis, the authors agree on a
number of human standards that Vietnam needs to develop to meet current international
integration requirements. Author Ho Ba Tham has pointed out the factors that affect the
formation of the human standard system and the building of human standards such as
patriotism, solidarity, self-reliance, affection, honesty, responsibility,

1
The Academy of Journalism and Communication, Viet Nam
1667 Building and Educating Vietnamese People Standards for Generation Z

discipline, creativity, personal identity, civilization, thrift, integrity, optimism, progress,

health, resilience, studiousness, humbleness, patience, and adaptableness,…
General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong at the National Cultural Conference clearly stated
that the orientation of Vietnamese human standards is patriotism, solidarity, self-reliance,
love, honesty, responsibility, discipline, creativity, and integration.
The Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism proposes two options for building a value
system and standards for Vietnamese people. Option 1 includes the values of patriotism,
responsibility, discipline, creativity, and honesty. Option 2 includes the values of
patriotism, responsibility, discipline, creativity, honesty, solidarity, and compassion.
Thus, the construction of a value system and Vietnamese standards has been interesting
and discussed by many researchers. However, the research on building Vietnamese
standards for Gen Z has not been much researched. Therefore, this paper sets out the
purpose of understanding the characteristics of Gen Z and making recommendations to
effectively build and educate Vietnamese standards for Gen Z – the future owners of our
country.

Research Methods
The author uses the document research method to collect information and research results
related to Gen Z such as the concept, division of generations, and characteristics of Gen Z.
Research in the materials shows that Gen Z (also known as Post Millennials, the
iGeneration, or the Homeland Generation) is the demographic cohort after The Millennials
(Generation Y or Gen Y). According to a Pew Research’s article by author Michael
Dimock, he defined Gen Z as a group of people born after 1996. Like other generations,
Gen Y is maturing and Gen Z has begun to carry on these traditions. Gen Z, being the
youngest generation, grew up with technology, the internet, and social media, which makes
them perceived as tech addicts, antisocial, or “warriors of social justice”.

Figure 1.1. Table of generation groups (Source: Pew Research Center)

By the method of document research, analysis, and comparison, the author points out the
difference in characteristics of generations. The traditional generation (Silent gerenation) was
born and raised in difficult socio-economic conditions so they tend to be persistent, determined,
and ready to do everything to make life better, and they are also affected by patriarchy.
Generation X (Gen X) is often independent, and loves freedom but also attaches great
importance to responsibility. They know the balance between work and life, and have the ability
to adapt. They are the “work hard, play hard” generation and were
 Nguyen Thi Nhu Hue 1668

born and raised in the 80s when economic life was very difficult so they wanted a stable
job. Gen X has seen the world before and after the explosion of social networks but their
youth are much less dependent on technology than Gen Y and Gen Z. Although Gen Y
(Millennials) was not born in the technology boom, technology is a part of their daily lives.
All activities of Gen Y are related to technology, computers, and smartphones. Unlike their
parents, the personality traits of Gen Y people are often ambitious and want to achieve their
goals intensely.
The characteristics of Gen Z raise requirements for building Vietnamese human standards,
so as to ensure the structure of traditional values preserved from the past; current values
determined by objective conditions; and guiding values for development in the new period,
the period in which Gen Z are citizens of the digital age, has economic thinking and is
expected to be the leader in building, developing and changing the world in the future.
Gen Z’s life, right from birth, is related to technology, the Internet, and has been exposed
to technology and social networks from an early age so this generation can use technology
proficiently, and think quickly and intuitively. Gen Z is often open-minded and not afraid
to change, dares to think, dare to do, dare to express personal views, and respect themselves.
They hardly like the comfortable and pre-arranged life. They are gradually becoming
pioneers, leading to new trends and tides in today’s society.
The characteristics of Gen Z raise requirements for building Vietnamese people’s standards
ensuring the structure of traditional values preserved from the past; the current values
determined by objective conditions; and guiding values for development in the new period
in which the Gen Z people are citizens of the digital age, have an economic mindset and
are expected to be the leader in building, developing and changing the world in the future.
On the basis of pointing out the characteristics of generations, the author uses logical and
historical methods combined with analytical and synthetic methods to study the
characteristics and personality of Vietnamese people through historical periods. Each stage
is different due to the influence of different socio-economic conditions, so people also have
their own characteristics. In Vietnam, the generations before Gen Z, especially the
traditional generation, the Boomer generation, and the X generation, people are often
responsible for family and society, patriotic, united, and compassionate. However, many
of them are also influenced by the ideology of valuing men above women (male
chauvinism), patriarchy, absolutizing the role of the family, and putting the interests of the
family above the interests of society. A part is often influenced by local, passive, and
dependent ideas overemphasizing community, family, and lineage, not paying much
attention to individual’s thoughts and feelings, and forcing individuals to submit to the will
of others, they often do not dare to express and assert themselves. However, for Gen Z, due
to its own characteristics being different from the previous generation, the construction,
and education of Vietnamese people’s standards for them also have its own requirements.
The author uses the method of analyzing and synthesizing documents to study the views of
scientists and researchers on building Vietnamese people’s standards. According to many
researchers, the Vietnamese people’s value system needs to be built with 8 main values that
are patriotism, solidarity, self-reliance, affection, honesty, responsibility, discipline, and
creativity. The family value system consists of 4 core values: well-being, happiness,
progress, and civilization. The cultural value system consists of 4 values, namely, nation,
democracy, humanity, and science. The national value system consists of 9 values which
are peace, unity, independence, rich people, strong country, democracy, justice,
civilization, and happiness.
On the basis of synthesizing research materials, the author introduces the concept of
Vietnamese people’s standards, according to which, Vietnamese people’s standards are

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the standards of residents in the entire Vietnamese society, including all social groups,
classes of population, and citizens of Vietnamese origin. Those are general conventions
about what to do or should do which are basically positive factors, qualities, and
requirements in the relationships between people and people, people with nature and the
social community, which are agreed upon and approved by the whole community or a small
group, formed and transmitted in the process of human and social development.
To study the values and standards of Vietnamese people in the long history from tradition
to modernity such as patriotism, compassion, solidarity, responsibility, initiative,..., the
author uses the methods of logic and history, analysis, and synthesis.
Besides, the author uses a survey method and case study. Through a survey of 500 Gen Z
students from tlhe University of Natural Resources and Environment and the Academy of
Journalism and Propaganda, the author investigates the current state of Gen Z’s knowledge
and views of Vietnamese standards, from which to set out requirements as well as
recommendations, and proposals to build and educate Vietnamese people’s standards for
Gen Z on the basis of both inheriting traditional values, overcoming standards that are no
longer relevant, and building Vietnamese standards suitable for the new context.

Research Results
Through a survey of 500 students from 2 universities, up to 95.8% affirmed that patriotism
is the top quality that Gen Z needs to follow in the footsteps of their forefathers; 86.2% of
Gen Zers agree that it is necessary for them to inherit the traditional norm of solidarity;
65.6% think that kindness is still a good standard to inherit. In addition, other standards
such as honesty, creativity, and self-reliance are also necessary for Gen Z today. The chart
also shows that collectivism is one of the traditional standards of the previous generation
but not many Gen Z people choose it. This partly shows that they also need to have their
own standard values, suitable to their characteristics and the times, such as respecting
differences, and paying due attention to the individual instead of collective absolutism.

Figure 1.2. Gen Z’s traditional values need to be promoted

Through research and survey on ideas and standards that are no longer suitable for Gen Z
in the new context, also shows that passive thinking, low self-esteem, and dependence are
the characteristics and standards that Gen Z thinks is no longer suitable for them with the
rate of 84.8%, 83.8%, and 84%. In addition, local ideology and sentimentalism are also
standards chosen by Gen Z that need to be eliminated.
 Nguyen Thi Nhu Hue 1670

Figure 1.3. Ideas and standards that are no longer suitable for Gen Z (in percentage)
Through a survey of 500 students of Gen Z, the standards selected by them and deemed
appropriate to their characteristics in the new context are proactiveness, positivity, eager to
learn with 429/500 people selected, accounting for 85.8%; next is the standard of being
responsible with 394/500 people choosing, accounting for 78.8%; the third criterion is
discipline, progressiveness and respect for cultural diversity which are selected by 371 -
373/500 people.
Quantity
Standards
(person) Ratio (%)
1. Discipline 373 74.6
2. Self-reliance 352 70.4
3. Responsibility 394 78.8
4. Freedom 192 38.4
5. Positivity, eager to learn 429 85.8
6. Progressiveness, respect for cultural diversity 371 74.2
7. Others 12 2.4
Figure 1.4. New standards for Gen Z
When asked, through whom and in what environment you are often educated about
Vietnamese people’s standards, most Gen Z answered through family, teachers, friends,
social networks, school, practical experiences, and national television channels. When
asked, what are the barriers that make the current Gen Z not interested in Vietnamese
people’s standards? With this question, it can be summarized into groups of causes such as
“due to the tradition itself, there are antiquated, arid and theoretical; due to poor
communication, the way of conveying ideas is still too traditional, lacking in attractiveness,
not stimulating and attracting Gen Z’s curiosity and studiousness; because activities for
young people are too stereotyped, forced, and heavily formal; as Gen Z faces the pressures
of personal success, competition, and shaping themselves in an increasingly complex
society. This can make them more focused on personal success and less concerned with
family values and ethics.
These research results are an important basis for the author to make some recommendations
to build and educate Vietnamese people’s standards for Gen Z.

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Some recommendations for building and educating Vietnamese human

standards for Gen Z
Firstly, building Vietnamese human standards for Gen Z must be based on traditional
values
The national traditional values are meaningful and play a very important role in the
formation and development of Vietnamese standards because traditional values are the
crystallization of all the best things through the flow of national history to create its own
identities which are preserved and passed down through generations and built up with new
values over time.
Everyone, especially Gen Z, must understand, preserve, inherit, and develop the nation’s
traditional values because it is considered a bridge between the past and the present. The
author Vu Khieu concluded that “tradition is an essential condition of the process of
maintaining and developing social life; with tradition, social people can absorb the
achievements of their previous generations, shorten the time, and do not have to start over
from the beginning. People born in society cannot choose their own way of doing business.
People have to go into the orbit of history with the means of production, social relations,
ways of living, treating, thinking, acting,... that have been available and passed down from
previous generations” .
New context, with the construction of a market economy and the development of science
and technology,... requires inheriting traditional values in general, and at the same time
developing them to a new height in accordance with current socio-historical conditions.
Gen Z with its own characteristics of the era still requires inheriting the traditional standards
of the Vietnamese nation such as patriotism, solidarity, and honesty.
The first is patriotism – the leading standard of Gen Z
Patriotism is a traditional value throughout the history of the Vietnamese nation. Patriotism
starts from love for the beauty and the pride of the homeland multiplied into love for the
people and the country. If patriotism in the past was a struggle for independence, a death
decision for saving the Fatherland, then now, patriotism is associated with the will to self-
reliance and to creatively build the country out of poverty so that the people can be
prosperous, and the country is rich and strong. Patriotism is an immanent strength
combined with the external strength of knowledge, technology, and international
cooperation which are indispensable factors in the process of national development and
integration. For the Vietnamese people, patriotism is a deep and passionate awareness of
the right to master their country, knowing how to care, to be sad and joyful, worry and
anger and to take responsibility for the country’s problems, willing to commit to creating
material and spiritual values for the country. For Gen Z with the characteristic of being
enterprising and they are the future owners of the country, it is impossible not to give
counter-arguments to society in order to find the most suitable decisions for the
development of the country. This is also a very good expression of patriotism at a high
level. Patriotism helps people become more mature, and live more responsibly towards
themselves, their families, society, and the country.
The second is the standard of solidarity.
Solidarity is one of the traditional values of the Vietnamese nation. It is the spirit of national
solidarity that has created the strength to help Vietnam overcome many challenges even in
the most difficult circumstances. President Ho Chi Minh always upholds the strength of
great national unity. He said, “Now there is one very important point, which is like a mother
because if this point is done well, good children will be born. That is solidarity” , “Rivers
may dry up, mountains may erode but our solidarity never diminishes” . The 13th National
Party Congress continued to affirm that “Promoting the strength of the great unity of the
whole nation;... Harmoniously settling the beneficial relations between social strata.
Ensuring that all ethnic groups enjoy
 Nguyen Thi Nhu Hue 1672

equality, solidarity, respect, and help each other develop... Strictly punishing all plots and
acts of dividing and undermining the great national unity bloc, and hindering the
development of the country” .
Gen Z was born and raised in the context of modern society. They have to face global
challenges such as epidemics, environment, climate change, energy transition,... and to
build and develop the country requires not only national unity but also international
solidarity.
The third is benevolence. This is a typical, basic, and proud value of the Vietnamese nation.
We can hardly talk about patriotism and love for the people without starting
withcompassion and love for people. All the virtues and moral lives of people are
penetrated by this root and foundation. In daily life, Vietnamese people always attach great
importance to the word affection. Every Vietnamese is familiar with the saying “Living for
love and affection, no one lives for the full plate of sticky rice (benefit)”. In the family, that
affection is the love of parents, children, brothers and sisters, and husband and wife.
Vietnamese people have some folk songs and proverbs for this case, for example, “a
father’s goodness is higher than the mountain, a mother’s goodness is deeper than the sea”;
“brothers as if limbs”,... Broader is the love of neighborliness such as “hàng xóm láng giềng
tắt lửa tối đèn có nhau” (Neighbors are ready to help each other in difficult times), “the
leaves protect tattered ones”. More widely is the love between people in the homeland:
“Nhiễu điều phủ lấy giá gương, người trong một nước thì thương nhau cùng” (People within
the same country should be loving each other); “Oh gourd, love the pumpkin, though of
different species, you share the same trellis”. More than that, it’s people’s love for their
fellow human beings regardless of skin color or ethnicity: Love other people as love
yourself (or Do unto others as you would have them done unto you).
In the current context, especially when the negative side of the market economy has more
or less led to the gap between the rich and the poor in society, the spirit of solidarity,
affection for people, and “the leaves protect tattered ones” need to be inherited, promoted
and replicated in communities as well as from individuals in society. Gen Z, with its
dynamic and creative characteristics, participates in many social activities and has
witnessed many challenges of life for modern people, the kindness and love to help people
are clearly expressed through activities and social organizations to call for organizations
and individuals to take part in volunteer activities for people, the environment, and society.
Secondly, building Vietnamese human standards must limit and eliminate outdated ideas
and personality traits that are no longer suitable for Gen Z in the new era.
The standards of the Vietnamese people were formed and developed in association with
the small production of a backward agricultural country. In the process of building a market
economy and implementing industrialization, there are ideologies and personality traits that
reveal limitations and hinder progressive perception.
Through the survey, we found that the standards and ideology that Gen Z considers no
longer suitable for them in the new context are valuing emotions over reason such as “One
hundred reasons is not equal to a little love”, limited vision, low self-esteem, passiveness,
dependence, three obediences, male chauvinism, a closed lifestyle of “going back to
hometown to take a bath in the pond, whether the water is clear or opaque, hometown’s
pond is still better”, lack of discipline, and personal imposition: “Where do parents put me
sitting. These are concepts and ethical standards that are no longer suitable for Gen Z in the
new conditions requiring dynamism, positivity, and creativity. The ethical standards
formed in the feudal society, in the subsidy mechanism need to be removed and replaced
with new moral values suitable for Gen Z in the socio-economic conditions of Vietnam in
the integration period.

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Thirdly, building a new standard for Vietnamese people must match the characteristics of
Gen Z in the new context.
In terms of research and survey, it is possible to mention the standards that Vietnamese
people need to build and educate in accordance with Gen Z as well as meet the requirements
of the new era, that is, positivity, proactiveness, studiousness, progressiveness,
responsibility, and discipline.
First, promoting the proactiveness, positivity, and progressiveness of Gen Z
In the new context, the economy, society, science and technology are constantly changing.
Gen Z who was born and raised in this context needs to be proactive, progressive, and eager
to learn to research and explore in order to make decisions and actions to adapt. If being
dependent and passive, they will fall behind and be outdated with the times.
In the process of self-development and self-improvement, each person not only focuses on
professional development but also has to practice the necessary skills, therefore, being
proactive, eager to learn, having a sense of exploring, thinking differently than usual, being
dynamic, always updating new information, and respecting the difference are extremely
necessary for Gen Z to adapt to changes in all circumstances.
Second, responsibility is the necessary standard of the Gen Z
The process of industrialization and modernization not only requires individual dynamism
and affirms the individual’s freedom but also improves the individual’s sense of
responsibility for work, collectivity, community, and society. In the production of goods,
each new stage of production contributes to the creation of a complete product. Therefore,
each individual worker must have a sense of responsibility for each stage of production to
decide the quality of the final product.
Responsibility helps individuals not to make excuses for their own mistakes, or to blame
others. Instead of being passive and procrastinating, they will actively embark on work in
groups or collectivities with the search for optimal solutions that benefit the collective and
the community. The sense of responsibility also helps individuals to have principles, a
planned work schedule, and achieve goals in the assigned work. It helps individuals connect
with colleagues to successfully complete the assigned work despite difficulties and
challenges. Having a high sense of responsibility also means that the individual accepts to
comply with strict rules and pressures to complete the work. This is a new standard in the
market economy that employers are looking for in employees.
Third, building and educating discipline for Gen Z
Gen Z was born and grew up in a modern society where science and technology are
increasingly developing, businesses apply new technological processes and use modern
machinery and equipment, then labor discipline must be a top priority. Labor is organized
in a line, labor activities with high automation and specialization require employees to
strictly comply with regulations on labor discipline. Otherwise, it will affect the efficiency
of production and business activities, at the same time, easily lead to unsafe incidents in
production, causing occupational accidents.
Self-discipline is the most challenging process for an individual. It helps the individual to
conquer himself. Self-discipline helps individuals to always work with a plan and also to
have backup plans for problems that arise. Therefore, discipline helps individuals to work
with a plan proactively, to adhere to the set plan, and to avoid being passive at work when
there is no plan. Labor discipline is built from self-discipline. Labor discipline is the basis
for scientific and effective labor organization within the employer. Labor discipline trains
workers, forcing them to follow certain orders and principles, giving them an industrial
style and a civilized lifestyle.
 Nguyen Thi Nhu Hue 1674

The current context of international integration requires that Gen Z when participating in
the international labor market, living and working environment must strictly abide by the
principles and discipline of the international environment and the market if they do not
want to be fired.
Fourthly, enhancing the application of technology in propagating and educating
Vietnamese people’s standards for Gen Z
In Vietnam, Gen Z accounts for about 1/7 of the total population, equivalent to more than
14.4 million people. Because of growing up in the information technology age, the
indispensable things in the life of Gen Z young people are said to be mobile phones (45%)
and the internet (21%). As social media becomes an essential part of their lives, they use
these tools for different purposes such as connecting with friends and family (93%) and
updating with what is happening around them (73%). Notably, they also use social media
channels to express their opinions and beliefs (55%) and report daily activities (42%).
Gen Z is the generation that was born with technology and through a survey of 500 students
with the question of which technology applications you often use to follow the news, the
technology applications that Gen Z chooses or uses are Zalo, Facebook, Youtube,
Instagram, Tiktok, and some reputable online newspaper sites. Therefore, the propagation
and education of Vietnamese people’s standards for Gen Z need to thoroughly apply
technology applications to promote efficiency.
Fifthly, the interest and education of family - school - society in building and educating
Vietnamese people’s standards for Gen Z
Family, school, and society play an important role in the formation and education of human
standards. They are the subjects who evoke, transmit, educate, foster, develop, and promote
the value system and human standards. However, in reality, different social subjects have
not really brought into play this mission role. In the past, this work was mainly due to
family education but today it is often faint while Gen Z’s time is mainly in school and
society where the school is not ready and actively to educate the value system and
Vietnamese people’s standards or if there is, it is little or not really effective. Currently,
forms of educational methods can be very diverse but social institutions such as families,
schools and society still play a leading role. Each individual starts from the family and is
educated by the family. The individual culture starts from the family culture and bears the
imprint of the family. Family is a person’s first social environment from childhood. It is a
rich and diverse social institution in terms of generation, gender, occupation, education
level, personality, and personal psychology,... It is also where parents step by step lead their
children to integrate into society. Family education leads children to adapt to social life and
it determines people’s attitudes, emotions, and morals.
Gen Z today was born and raised in a digital and social world. Exposure to uncensored
online content and media influence sometimes causes an imbalance between traditional and
modern values.
So, what policies and activities are needed to educate Vietnamese human standards in
accordance with Gen Z? Through the survey, students had many ideas such as “building
content about ethical standards in a modern, creative and accessible way to young people,
responding to the challenges and values of the modern world, and bringing standard content
into subjects; creating a learning environment that encourages Gen Z to think
independently, critically and to explore; innovating the way of teaching to catch up with
the trends of Gen Z so that they can empathize and thereby create motivation for Gen Z to
follow; organizing contests to learn about traditions, enabling Gen Z to develop creativity
and discovery through extracurricular activities such as clubs, seminars, and research
projects; encouraging Gen Z to participate in international activities, cultural exchanges,

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1675 Building and Educating Vietnamese People Standards for Generation Z

and student exchanges; and communicating through many methods suitable for young
people such as MV”.
It can be seen that in the modern social environment and in education under the influence
of technology 4.0, Gen Z and the education of Vietnamese people’s standards for them
from the school and society are still extremely necessary but require innovation in forms
and methods of education and communication.

Conclusion
Currently, building and promoting cultural values and human strength are particularly
focused on Vietnam besides economic development. In the process of formation and
development, over thousands of years of history, up to now, the Vietnamese nation has
created a system of many different value systems such as a national value system, cultural
value system, social value system, family value system, ethical value system, and political
value system,... In those value systems, the human value system is always the central value
system which is expressed as the core value system and contains many contents of other
value systems. It can be said that for humans in general, there still need social standards for
conception and orientation of behavior adjustment. However, specific subjects also require
concrete standards. Gen Z has its own characteristics from being born and growing up in a
new context of a strong boom in science and technology, the development of the market
economy, and globalization so in the process of building and educating the Vietnamese
value system and standards for Gen Z, it needs to have the peculiar requirements besides
inheriting some traditional standards of the previous generation.

References
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8. Vu Khieu (editor) (2000), Vietnamese culture – society and people, Social Sciences
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 Nguyen Thi Nhu Hue 1676

9. Ho Chi Minh Collected works (2011), Vol. 10, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi,
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Migration Letters