CRITICAL RACE THEORY TIMELINE American history & culture as a metaphor for race interpreting history & culture

American history & culture as a metaphor for race interpreting history & culture from an Afro-Centric perspective.

Basic Timeline 1619-1865: 246 years of slavery 1866-1968: 103 years of Jim Crow 1969-present: 50+ years of "legal equality”

349 Years of White Supremacy

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1641 1676 1691 1706 1717 1746 1758 1773 1831 1858/1859 1898 1903 1919 1936 1967 1982 1998 2009
Massachusetts Bacon’s South Carolina is First police New York First Quakers Phillis Wheatley 1802 1820 Nat Turner Anna Julia Cooper Paul Robeson W.E.B. Red Summer; Jesse 1960 MLK,Jr. Michael African Amer­ican Civil Barack Obama is
is first state to Rebellion first state to enact patrols enacts a black poet, prohibit publishes Poems on Sally Harriet slave revolt is born into slavery; is born; The DuBois The New Owens Ella speech at Jackson’s War Museum opens; inaugurated as
legalize slavery occurs in “Slave Codes” around “Fugitive Lucy Terry, members Various Subjects, Hemings Tubman occurs in The John Brown Raid Wilmington, publishes Negro begins, wins 4 gold Baker Riverside; Thriller #1 Serena Williams #1 President of the
Virginia plantations Slave Law” writes from Religious and Moral is revealed is born Virginia to end slavery North Carolina Souls of Alain Locke medals in establishes Loving vs. United States
Bars Fight owning riot Black Folk Germany the SNCC Virginia
slaves

1619 1664 1688 1712 1739 1770 1794 1803 1815 1838 1851 1863 1896 1908 1929 1937 1940 1968 1984 2001 2016
First Africans Maryland is first Quakers become The first slave The Stono Crispus Attucks Eli Whitney Haiti Richard Frederick Sojourner United States Plessy vs. Ferguson; Jack John- Hattie
MLK, Jr. Eleanor Shirley Chisholm is first Jesse Colin Powell National
“sold” into slavery state to outlaw first group to revolt occurs in Rebellion dies in the invents the becomes Allen founds Douglass Truth’s “Aren’t Colored Troops M.E. Terrell estab- son wins is born in Holmes McDaniel is Black woman in Congress; Jackson appointed Museum
in Jamestown, marriage between pass anti-slavery New York City occurs in American cotton gin first Black AME Church escapes I A Woman” is created lishes the NCNW Heavyweight Atlanta first Black first interracial kiss on TV runs for Secretary of African
republic in Norton actor to win by Lt. Uhura & Cap. Kirk
Virginia Blacks and Whites resolutions South Carolina Revolution Maryland speech Championship is born President of State American
history an Oscar History and
Culture opens

Black 1619-1700: 1700-1765: 1765-1800: 1800-1865: 1865- 1877-1896: 1896-1955: 1955-1975: 1975-Present:
Development Era of Colonization Era of Plantation Slavery Era of Revolution Era of Abolition 1877: Era of Black Era of Jim Crow Era Modern Era of Economic Justice
Recon-
In North struc- Codes Civil Rights
America: tion Movement

Black Religious 1619-1740: 1740-1816: 1816-1865: 1865-1926: 1926-1955: 1955-1988: 1988-Present:

Development In Era of Black Soul Denial The First Great Awakening The Second Great Awakening The Era of the Black Church The Era of Black The Political The Waning Impact
North America: Church Diversity Black Church of the Black Church

The Four Great

alization
Region-
1607-1839: 1840-1945: 1946-1990: 1991-2025:
Waves of
Small Towns & Villages Industrialization Suburbanization Re-Urbanization
American Cities:
City Population: 5% 10% 39% 64% 78% 85%

1600s: 1708 - Blacks outnumber Whites in South Carolina

1800s: 1836 - Texas declares independence from Mexico, establishes slave state
1712 - The first slave revolt occurs in New York City 1837 - Cheney State is founded
1607 - First British colony, Jamestown 1800 - The Gabriel Prosser Slave Rebellion occurs in Virginia
1717 - New York enacts a “Fugitive Slave Law” 1839 - The Amistad revolt occurs near the coast of Cuba
1619 - The first Africans “sold” into slavery in Jamestown, Virginia 1802 - Sally Hemings revealed in Richmond Recorder
1731 - Florida enacts law saying Blacks will be free if they run away to Florida 1845 - Frederick Douglass publishes his Narrative of an American Slave
1626 - Antonio A. Negro is freed after indentureship 1803 - Haiti becomes the first Black republic in history
1739 - The Stono Rebellion occurs in South Carolina, moving to Florida 1848 - The Pearl Incident occurs in Washington, DC, largest slave escape
1641 - Massachusetts is first state to legalize slavery 1808 - US bans importation of African slaves
1746 - Lucy Terry poem, Bar Fight 1849 - Harriet Tubman escapes from Eastern Shore of Maryland
1657 - Virginia is first state to pass a “Fugitive Slave Law” 1815 - Richard Allen establishes AME Church; Henry Highland Garnet escapes
1758 - Quakers prohibit their members from owning slaves from Eastern Shore of Maryland 1850 - Compromise of 1850: California free; Fugitive Slave Act established
1662 - Virginia passes “Partus Sequitur Ventrum” (Mother a slave, child a slave)
1770 - Crispus Attucks, a Black man, is the first to die in the American Revolution 1820 - Missouri Compromise: Missouri slave, Maine free; Harriet Tubman is born 1851 - Sojourner Truth’s “Aren’t I A Woman” speech
1664 - Maryland is first state to outlaw marriage between Blacks and Whites
1773 - The first Black church is formed in South Carolina 1822 - Denmark Vesey slave revolt occurs in South Carolina 1852 - Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes Uncle Tom’s Cabin
1676 - Bacon’s Rebellion occurs in Virginia
1773 - Phillis Wheatley publishes Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral 1829 - David Walker writes his “Appeal to Coloured Citizens” encouraging 1853 - First novel published by an African American, Clotel by William Wells
1688 - Quakers become first group to pass anti-slavery resolutions
1775 - The first Abolition Society is formed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania slave uprisings 1854 - The Kansas-Nebraska Act is enacted
1691 - South Carolina is first state to enact “Slave Codes”
1775 - Lord Dunmore recruits Black slaves to fight for the British 1831 - Nat Turner slave revolt occurs in Virginia; William Lloyd Garrison publishes 1856 - Wilberforce/AME College is established, first Black-run college

1700s: 1777 - Vermont is first state to abolish slavery The Liberator 1857 - The Dred Scott decision
1787 - Richard Allen becomes the founding member of the Free African Society 1832 - Oberlin College is founded 1858 - Anna Julia Cooper born into slavery
1703 - Rhode Island enacts law that Blacks must carry passes to walk at night
1791 - Blacks in Haiti rebel, begin Haitian Revolution 1835 - The Snow Riot occurs in Washington, DC 1859 - The John Brown Raid to end slavery
1706 - First police patrols at plantations to prevent runaway slaves, South Carolina
1794 - Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin, creating a greater demand for cotton and slaves 1838 - Frederick Douglass escapes from Eastern Shore of Maryland 1860 - Abraham Lincoln elected
 “The defining experience of African American life has been making a way out of no-way mustering the nimbleness, ingenuity and perseverance to

CRITICAL RACE THEORY TIMELINE establish a place in our society. This experience is a lens which we understand what it is to be an American. In some ways, the African American
experience is the quintessential American experience. The museum celebrates American history and culture and who we are as Americans.”
—Lonnie Bunch, III, Director of the NMAAHC

1861 - The Civil War begins; the First Confiscation Act is enacted 1926 - Carter G. Woodson & Mary Church Terrell establish Negro History Week Virginia decision
1862 - DC Emancipation Compensation Act is enacted 1929 - MLK, JR. is born in Atlanta 1968 - The year that changed the world: Dr. MLK assassinated; Bobby
1863 - United States Colored Troops created; Emancipation Proclamation 1932 - The Apollo Theatre opens in Harlem Kennedy assassinated; Chicago police riot at DNC Convention; the The History of Critical Race Theory:
1968 Fair Housing Act is enacted; Shirley Chisholm is the first Black Critical Race Theory grew out of the scholarship of jurist/legal scholar
1865 - The 13th Amendment enacted; the Civil War ends 1936 - Jesse Owens wins 4 gold medals in Germany
woman in US Congress; First inter-racial kiss on TV, Lt. Uhura and Judge A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr. In the 1940s, he examined how British
1866 - The first Civil Rights Act is established 1937 - Eleanor Holmes Norton is born Captain Kirk
legal precedents in the 17th century led to racial slavery in the U.S. Twenty
1867 - Black men vote in Washington, DC; Howard University founded 1940 - Hattie McDaniel becomes the first Black to win an Oscar 1970 - U.S. Bombs Cambodia, college campuses shut down; 4 Kent State years later, at the height of the Modern Civil Rights Movement, Harvard Law
1868 - The 14th Amendment is enacted 1942 - CORE organizes the first sits-ins for civil rights in Chicago students killed; 2 Jackson State University students killed; Watermelon
students Derrick Bell and Charles Ogletree applied Higginbotham’s findings
1870 - The 15th Amendment is enacted; first Colored Youth High School 1943 - A. Philip Randolph threatens a national march on Washington for civil Man, Van Peebles film released
to interpret American history from the perspective of African Americans —
founded in DC, later to be Dunbar High School rights unless the US government desegregates the war industries 1972 - Shirley Chisholm runs for President of the U.S., first Black female to do so
not from the lens of Great Dead White Men who, heretofore, wrote American
1877 - The Hayes Compromise, reconstruction ends 1944 - The first US soldiers that hit the beach on D-Day are the 300th Balloon 1973 - Combahee River Black Feminist Collective founded; Barbara Jordan is history from their viewpoint only. To truly understand American history, we
1882 - GW Williams writes first history of Black Americans Battalion of Black troops at 3:00 am the first southern Black woman in US Congress
need to study Black history and culture critically, hence, critical race theory.
1892 - Homer Plessy sits on a first-class train car, gets arrested; Ida B. Wells 1945 - Over one million Black GIs fight in WWII, returning home to begin the 1976 - Roots is published by Alex Haley
begins anti-lynching campaign Modern Civil Rights Movement 1979 - Marion Barry becomes Mayor of Washington, DC 6 7
1895 - BT Washington delivers Atlanta Compromise speech, W.E.B. DuBois 1946 - Be-Bop musician Charlie Parker releases Now’s The Time 1982 - Congressman Harold Washington wins mayor in Chicago; Michael
receives PhD from Harvard, first Black Harvard PhD 1947 - Jackie Robinson plays his first game in MLB; From Slavery to Freedom Jackson’s Thriller becomes the best-selling album ever
1896 - Plessy vs. Ferguson, the Supreme Court decides controversial published by John Hope Franklin 1983 - Alice Walker wins Pulitzer Prize for The Color Purple
“separate but equal” doctrine; Mary Church Terrell, et al. establish 1952 - Mary Church Terrell successfully wins Thompson vs. The District 1984 - Jesse Jackson runs for President of the U.S.
The National Association of Colored Women in DC (NCNW), Tuskegee 1954 - Brown vs. Board decision; Malcolm X becomes minister at Temple #7 1985 - The Free South Africa Movement shuts down South African embassy
Institute founded, B.T. Washington in Harlem every day for two years
1898 - Paul Robeson is born; The Wilmington, North Carolina riot 1955 - Emmett Till is lynched in Mississippi in June; Rosa Parks sits at the 1986 - MLK National Holiday enacted and celebrated 8 9
1899 - Duke Ellington is born in Washington, DC front of a bus in Alabama on December 1, beginning the Montgomery
1988 - Jesse Jackson runs for President of the U.S., almost wins
Bus Boycott
1900s: 1957 - The Little Rock Nine enter high school in Arkansas; Rev. James Lawson
1991 - Rodney King is videotaped being beaten in LA
teaches non-violent direct action at Fisk University 1992 - LA explodes, Rodney King’s police brutality acquitted
1900 - James Weldon Johnson publishes Lift Every Voice and Sing
1958 - Althea Gibson wins US Open 1993 - Toni Morrison wins the Nobel Prize for Literature
1903 - W.E.B. DuBois publishes Souls of Black Folk
1959 - Rev. Jim Lawson trains southern youth in non-violent direct action in 1995 - The Million Man March
1905 - The Chicago Defender is founded
Nashville with Marion Barry; Diane Nash and John Lewis are his first 1997 - Tiger Woods wins Masters; Che Marley Demczuk born
1906 - The Azusa Street Revival founded in LA; Alpha Phi Alpha, first Black students; Berry Gordy, Jr. establishes Motown Records 10 11
1998 - African American Civil War museum opens, founded by Dr. Frank Smith
fraternity founded at Cornell
1960 - Ella Baker organizes a meeting at Shaw University during which the 1999 - Serena Williams wins US Open
1908 - Jack Johnson wins Heavyweight championship; AKA founded at HU, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) is formed with
first Black sorority
1909 - The “Niagara Movement” founded, future NAACP
Marion Barry as its first chairman; first sit-ins occur at North Carolina
A&T in February
2000s:
1910 - The Howard Theatre opens in Washington, DC 1961 - The Freedom Rides begin in Washington, DC to New Orleans 2001 - Colin Powell appointed Secretary of State; Halle Berry and
Denzel Washington win the Oscars
1915 - The Birth of a Nation film is shown at the White House by Woodrow Wilson; 1962 - SNCC organizes the Albany, Georgia Campaign
10,000 KKK march down Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, DC 2005 - Condoleezza Rice appointed Secretary of State 12 13
1963 - Gloria Richardson is the leader of the Cambridge Movement; the
1916 - Marcus Garvey, from Jamaica, founds UNIA; Carter G. Woodson March on Washington; The Birmingham Campaign; four lttle girls 2009 - Barack Obama is inaugurated as President of the United States
publishes the Journal of Negro History murdered in Birmingham 2011 - MLK Memorial opens on Mall
1917 - 400,000 Black GIs fight in WWI 1964 - SNCC creates the “Freedom Summer” in Mississippi; the 1964 Civil 2012 - Barack Obama wins re-election
1919 - Red Summer; The New Negro Movement begins; Woodrow Wilson Rights Act is enacted; LA Rebellion; the beginning of “long hot summers” 2013 - Black Lives Matter founded after Trayvon Martin assassination
segregates the federal government workforce 1965 - SNCC organizes the Selma March; The 1965 Voting Rights Act is enacted 2016 - The National Museum of African American History and Culture opens
1920 - Suffrage for women is won with the 19th Amendment 1966 - The Black Panther Party is founded 2017 - Michelle and Barack move into Kalorama Park in Washington, DC
1921 - The Tulsa Riot 1967 - Cambridge, Maryland explodes with SNCC with 2018 - Oprah Winfrey #MeToo
1925 - A. Philip Randolph organizes the Sleeping Car Porters Union; H. Rap Brown; Howard University students take over the campus; 1. 4000bc: Ethiopia | Nubians 8. 1958: Althea Gibson wins US Open
Alain Locke writes “The New Negro” MLK delivers anti-war speech at Riverside Church; Loving vs. 2. 2500bc: Egyptian Pyramids 9. 1963: Gloria Richardson, SNCC
3. 1700s: Timbuktu Library 10. 1993: Toni Morrison wins the Nobel Prize
1 2 3 4 5 4. 1840 – 1921: Yaa Asantewaa for Literature
5. 1918 – 2013: Nelson Mandela 11. 2013: BLM Founded
6. 1867: Howard University is founded 12. 2018: Oprah Winfrey #MeToo
Courtesy of the Howard University Archives 13. Sankofa, to fetch the past
7. 1947: Jackie Robinson plays his first
game in MLB

Bernard Demczuk, PhD.

202.251.1975 | [email protected] www.LINKsp.com