G7RC24 Math 2
2.1 Ratio and Proportion
Ratio
- A relationship between 2 or more numbers
- A fraction is one form of ratio
- Must be expressed in lowest terms
Different ways to express ratio:
Words Colon-form Fraction
One IS TO two 1:2 1/2
3:4
2/7
Oral Exercises: Identify the ratio in the given statements and express them in colon form.
1) When cooking rice, we add 5 cups of water for every 5 cups of rice. What is the ratio of water to rice?
2) Anne likes her coffee very sweet. For every small cup of coffee she makes, she mixes 3 teaspoons of
sugar and 1 teaspoon of powdered coffee. What is the sugar to powdered coffee ratio?
3) To make the perfect shade of green, Lance mixed 6 drops of yellow dye and 4 drops of blue dye. What is
the ratio of blue to yellow?
4) In G7RC there are 25 girls and 12 boys. What is the boy to girl ratio of the class?
5) A rectangle has a length of 20cm and width of 10cm. What is the width to length ratio of the rectangle?
Proportion
- An equation that says two ratios are equivalent or equal.
Example: Anne likes her coffee very sweet. For every small cup of coffee she makes, she mixes 3
teaspoons of sugar and 1 teaspoon of powdered coffee.
What is the sugar to powdered coffee ratio?
Anne wants to make a larger cup of coffee using 2 teaspoons of powdered coffee. Will she use more or
less sugar?
3 types of proportion:
1) Direct proportion - a proportion wherein if a term/number increases, other terms also increase. If a term
decreases, other terms also decrease.
Examples:
a) Samantha uses 4 eggs to make 10 pancakes. How many pancakes can she make with 2 eggs?
b) Noel wants to order juice cans for a picnic. There are 6 cans in a box. How many juice cans will he
have if he buys 3 boxes?
Steps:
1. Write each ratio in fraction form with an equal symbol between them to form an equation.
2. Do cross or smile multiplication and get the products.
3. Divide both sides of the equation by the coefficient.
4. Write your final answer with the variable on the left side of the equation.
Exercises: Direct proportion word problems
2) Inverse proportion - a proportion wherein if a term increases, other terms decrease. If a term decreases,
other terms increase.
Examples:
a) Coach Ted asked his basketball team to help repaint the school basketball court. If 3 boys
volunteer to paint the court, it will take them 2 hours to finish the job. If 6 boys will volunteer to
paint the court, how many hours will it take to finish the job?
b) Vincent rode his bike at a speed of 10 kph and got home in 15 minutes. If Vincent rides his bike at
a speed of 5kph, how long will it take for him to get home?
Steps:
1. Write each ratio in colon form. (a : b, c : d)
2. Multiply the numerator and denominator of the complete ratio.
3. Divide by the numerator or denominator of the incomplete ratio.(a x b ÷ c)
Exercises: Inverse proportion word problems
3) Partitive proportion - a proportion that demonstrates how a quantity is divided into parts.
Examples:
a) Dustin, Mike and Lucas earned Php 1,500 doing yard work one weekend. They will divide their
earnings in a ratio 1 : 2 : 3. How much will each boy receive?
b) The next weekend, only Mike and Lucas did yard work, earning Php 900. They split their earnings
in a 2 : 3 ratio. How much did Lucas receive?
Steps:
1. Write your equation in ax + bx + cx = d form.
2. Combine all x-terms thru addition.
3. Divide both sides of the equation by the coefficient.
4. Find the value for each part (ax, bx, cx) or any needed part.
Exercises: Partitive proportion word problems
Long test: Mixed word problems
