Using clusters of commodity hardware, Hadoop is an open-source framework for distributed
processing and storing of massive datasets. Google's MapReduce and Google File System (GFS)
publications, which described a method to process and store enormous amounts of data across
numerous servers while retaining fault tolerance and high availability, served as the model for
Hadoop, which was developed by the Apache Software Foundation.
How Hadoop Works: There are two primary parts of Hadoop:
The storage layer of Hadoop, known as the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), is made to
hold very big files—terabytes and petabytes—across numerous servers. It divides big files into
manageable chunks and disperses them among the server cluster. Data processing in parallel is
made possible by this. Fault tolerance is ensured by replication; every data block is replicated
across multiple nodes, so if one node fails, the data can still be accessed from another node.
MapReduce: Hadoop's processing engine is MapReduce. Tasks related to data processing are
broken down into more manageable subtasks and dispersed among several cluster nodes.
MapReduce is divided into two phases:
Map Phase: Several nodes process the input data once it has been partitioned into smaller
chunks. Every node processes the data concurrently.
Reduce Phase: The nodes compile the data into a final result after gathering the outcomes of the
map phase, Because of its architecture, Hadoop may grow from one server to thousands of
servers, each of which can handle local computing and storage. In addition, fault-tolerance is
guaranteed by the system's ability to identify and manage application layer faults without the
need for human involvement.
Hadoop's significance in analytics: There are various reasons why Hadoop has emerged as a
vital piece of technology in the Big Data and analytics space.
Scalability and Flexibility: Text, photos, and videos can all be handled by Hadoop, which can
manage both organized and unstructured data. Organizations can effectively handle growing
volumes of data thanks to its horizontal scalability, which can be achieved by simply adding
more machines to the cluster.
Cost-effective: Hadoop is less expensive than traditional data warehousing systems since it is
made to run on commodity hardware. Costs associated with software licensing are also
eliminated by the technology's open-source nature.
Hadoop is essential for sectors like e-commerce, healthcare, banking, and telecommunications
that handle enormous volumes of data. Hadoop is used, for instance, by businesses like
Facebook, Google, and Yahoo for activities like web indexing, recommendation engines, and
user behavior analysis.
In conclusion, Hadoop has completely changed the data analytics industry by offering a
dependable, scalable, and affordable method of processing massive volumes of data. It is an
important tool in contemporary data environments, where the volume, velocity, and variety of
data are continuously increasing, because to its capacity to divide processing and storage over
several nodes.
References:
Apache Hadoop. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://hadoop.apache.org/
White, T. (2015). Hadoop: The Definitive Guide. O'Reilly Media.
