9.

ARITHMETIC & GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION

-: SUMMARY :-

Arithmetic Progression (A.P.)

A list of numbers in which each term is obtained by adding a fixed number to its preceding term, except the
first term, is called an arithmetic progression (abbreviated A.P.).
Thus, a list of numbers forms an A.P. if and only if the difference of any term from its preceding term is a
fixed number. This fixed number is called common difference and is denoted by d.
The first, second, third, …. terms of an A.P. are respectively denoted by a1, a2, a3, ….
So, the list of numbers a1, a2, a3, …. forms an A.P. if and only if an + 1 – an = d, a fixed number.
The first term of an A.P. is also denoted by a
The general A.P. is a, a + d, a + 2d, ….
• A.P. is called finite if and only if it contains a finite number of terms
• If a1, a2, a3, …., is an A.P. then a1 + a2 + a3 + … is called an arithmetic series.
General term of an A.P.
If a, a + d, a + 2d …. is an A.P., then its general term is denoted by an and an = a + (n – 1)d.
• If a finite A.P. a, a + d, a + 2d, … contains n terms and 𝑙 is its last term, then 𝑙 = a + (n – 1) d.
The nth term from the end of a finite A.P.
If 𝑙 is the last term of a finite A.P. a, a + d, a + 2d, ….. then
Its nth term from the end = 𝑙 −(n – 1)d.
Difference of any two terms of an A.P.
If a, a + d, a + 2d, …. is an A.P. then nth term – mth term = (n – m)d.
Middle term (s) of an A.P.
If an A.P. consists of n terms, then
𝑛+1 th
i. it has one middle term if n is odd and this term is term.
2
𝑛 th 𝑛
ii. it has two middle term if n is even and these terms are 2 and (2 + 1)th.

Numbers in an A.P.
Three numbers a, b and c are in A.P. if and only if 2b = a + c
If the sum of numbers in an A.P. is given, then
i. three numbers are taken as a – d, a, a + d
ii. four numbers are taken as a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d
iii. five numbers are taken as a – 2d, a – d, a, a + d, a + 2d
Sum of first n terms of an A.P.
𝑛
If a, a + d, a + 2d, …. Is an A.P., then sum of its first n terms denoted by Sn (or S), is given by Sn = 2 [2a +
(n – 1)d].
• If 𝑙 is the last term of the finite A.P. consisting of n terms then the sum of all the terms is given by
𝑛
S = 2 (a + 𝑙)
𝑛(𝑛+1)
• Sum of first n natural numbers = • In an A.P., an = Sn – Sn – 1
2

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➢ SEQUENCE: numbers is said to form an Arithmetic
A sequence is an arrangement of numbers in a Progression.
definite order and are formed according to some We now give the formal definition of
definite rule Arithmetic progression (briefly written as A.P.)
For example:
i. 3, 6, 9, 12, ... ➢ ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION (A.P.)
ii. – 25, – 15, – 5, 5, 10, .....
Definition : A sequence is said to be an
iii. 12, 22, 32, 42, .....
1 1 1 arithmetic progression (briefly written as A.P.)
iv. 1, 6, 36, 216, .... if the difference between any two consecutive
v. 6, 6, 6, 6, ...... terms is a constant.
are all sequences because in each of above set Thus the sequence a1, a2, a3, is said to be an A.P.
of numbers we can easily what number will if a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 = a4 – a3 = ..... d(say)
come next. And this is possible because of the i.e., if an – a n – 1 = d; where d is a constant
reason that in each of above example the independent of n and is called common
numbers are formed by some law. difference of the A.P.
Next, see following set of numbers The first term is usually denoted by d.
i. 3, 8, 5, 17, 27, 77, 51, .......
ii. 12, 72, 52, 112, ....... NOTE: i. Common difference ‘d’ can be
iii. 7, 17, 10, 3, 0, 8, 7, 2, 2, ...... positive, negative or zero
Here in each of the example it is difficult to ii. To obtain d (common difference)
decide what number will come next. This is in a given A.P. we need not find
because there is no law/rule that connects these all differences
numbers. Hence these set of numbers do not a2 – a1, a3 – a2, a4 – a3, .... It is enough to find
form sequences. only one of them. But to ensure or prove that a
given progression is an A.P. we need to find at
➢ ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION: least three or four such differences.
Having studied sequence in detail we now focus If the first term and common difference of an
our attention to a special type of progression A.P. is known, then the A.P. is known
(recall that a progression is a type of sequence completely.
in which terms either increase or decrease
numerically) ➢ GENERAL FORM OF AN A.P.
Consider the following lists of numbers: If a is first term and d is the common difference
i. 3, 7, 11, 15, ....... of an A.P. then its second term
ii. – 2, 1, 4, 7, ...... = first term + common difference
iii. 11, 16, 21, 26, ....... =a+d
iv. – 1.3, – 0.2, 0.9, 2.0, 3.1, ........ Third term = second term + common difference
= (a + d) + d
we observe that: = a + 2d
In (i), each term is 4 more than the term Fourth term= Third term + common difference
preceding it. = (a + 2d) + d
In (ii), each term is 3 more than the term = a + 3d
preceding it. ...... and so on
In (iii), each term is 5 more than the term ∴ we can write A.P. as a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d,
preceding it. ..... and we call it general form of A.P.
In (iv), each term is 1.1 more than the term
preceding it. ➢ FINITE AND INFINITE A.P.
In all above sequences of numbers, we see that Just as we have finite or infinite sequence we
successive terms are obtained by adding a fixed have finite and infinite A.P. So finite A.P. has
number to the preceding terms. Such list only a finite number of terms and hence its last

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𝑛
term is known. Whereas in infinite A.P. last Sn = 2 [a + a + (n – 1)d]
term is unknown due to the fact that there are 𝑛
infinite number of terms in it. ∴ Sn = 2 [2a + (n – 1)d]
So, we have derived two formula for finding
➢ THE nth TERM OF GENERAL TERM OF sum of n terms of A.P. Form (iv) is preferred
AN A.P. when last term of A.P. known whereas form (v)
Consider an A.P. whose first term is a and is used in case last term is not known.
common difference is d.
Then A.P. is a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, .... ➢ FIND nth TERM OF A.P. (an) IF SUM OF n
First term a1 = a = a + 0d = a + (1 – 1) d TERMS (sn) IS GIVEN
Second term a2 = a + d = a + (2 – 1)d Consider an A.P. a1, a2, a3, ..... an
Third term a3 = a + 2d = a + (3 – 1)d Then we have
Fourth term a4 = a + 3d = a + (4 – 1) d Sn = a1 + a2 + a3 + .... + an – 1 + an ... (i)
. . . . Clearly Sn – 1 would represent sum of (n – 1)
. . . . terms
. . . . ∴ Sn – 1 = a1 + a2 + a3 + ... + an – 1
. . . . Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
. . . . Sn – Sn – 1 = an
On observing, we find that any term of A.P. is The above formula is used to find nth term when
given by First term + (term number – 1) sum of n terms is given.
common difference. Hence nth term of A.P. is
an (= tn) = a + (n – 1) d SOLVED EXAMPLES :-

➢ DERIVING THE FORMULA FOR SUM 1. Find tn for the A.P. 32, 28, 24, 20, …..
OF n TERMS OF A.P. Solution: Here a = 32 and d = 28 – 32 = – 4
Let a be the first term, d be the common tn = a + (n – 1)d
difference and l be the nth term of given A.P. = 32 + (n – 1) (– 4)
∴ l = a + (n – 1) d ...(i) = 32 – 4n + 4
Let Sn denote the sum of n terms of the A.P. ∴ tn = 36 – 4n
∴ Sn = a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + ..... + (l
– 2d) + (l – d) + l ...(ii) 2. The tenth term of an A.P. is 1 and the 20th
If we write R.H.S. of (ii) in reverse order, we term is – 29, find its 3rd term.
have Solution:
Sn = l + (l – d) + (l – 2d) + ..... + (a tn = a + (n – 1) d
+ 2d) + (a + d) + a ...(iii) t10 = a + (10 – 1)d = 1
Adding (ii) and (iii) vertically we get ∴ a + 9d = 1 …(i)
Sn + Sn = (a + l) + {(a + d) + (l – d)} t20 = a + (20 – 1) d= – 29
∴ a + 19d = – 29 …(ii)
+ {(a + 2d) + (l – 2d)} + ..... + {(l – 2d) + (a +
subtracting (ii) from (i) we get
2d)} + {(l – d) + (a + d) + (l + a)}
– 10d = 30
⇒ 2Sn = (a + l) + (a + l) + (a + l) + ...... ∴ d=–3
+ (a + l) + (a + l) + (a + l) from (i) a + 9 (– 3) = 1
∴ a – 27 = 1
or 2Sn = (a + l) + (a + l) + (a + l) + ....
∴ a = 28
upto n terms Now, t3 = a + (3 – 1) d
2Sn = n × (a + l) = 28 + 2 (– 3)
n = 28 – 6
⇒ Sn = 2 ×(a + l) ...(iv)
= 22
Putting the value of l from (i) in (iv), we get ∴ Third term of an A.P. is 22.

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3. For an A.P. a = 3, d = 4, find S20 We know that tn = a + (n – 1)d
Solution: Here tn = 3 + (n – 1)5
Here a = 3 and d = 4 n = 20 = 3 + 5n – 5
𝑛
= 5n – 2
Sn = 2 [2a + (n – 1)d] Thus tn = 5n – 2
20
∴ t15 = 5 x 15 – 2 = 73
S20 = [2(3) + (20 – 1)(4)]
2
2. Show that the nth odd natural number is 2n
= 10[6 + (19)(4)] –1
= 10 [6 + 76] Solution:
The list of odd natural numbers is 1, 3, 5, 7,
∴ S20 = 820
9…
4. Find the value of n if 25 + 22 + 19 + …. To This is an A.P. with a = 1 and d = 2
n terms = 116 We know that tn = a + (n – 1)d
Here tn = 1 + (n – 1)2
Solution:
tn = 2n – 1
Here a = 25 and d = 22 – 25 = – 3 Sn = 116 = 2n – 1
𝑛
Sn = 2 [2a + (n – 1)d] tn = 2n – 1
𝑛 Therefore nth odd natural number is 2n – 1
∴ 116 = 2 [2(25) + (n – 1)(– 3)]
∴ 232 = n[50 – 3n + 3] 3. Find n if the nth term of the following
∴ 232 = n[53 – 3n] sequence is 68
∴ 232 = 53n – 3n2 5, 8, 11, 14, …….
∴ 3n2 – 53n + 232 = 0 Solution:
∴ 3n2 – 24n – 29n – 323 = 0 The given sequence is an A.P. with a = 5, d =
3n (n – 8) – 29(n – 8) = 0 3 and tn = 68
∴ (3n – 29) (n – 8) = 0 We know that tn = a + (n – 1)d.
∴ 3n – 29 = 0 or n–8=0 ∴ 68 = 5 + (n – 1) × 3
∴ 3n = 29 or n=8 = 5 + 3n – 3
29 = 3n + 2
i.e. n= or n=8
3 n = 22
but n ∈ N th
Hence 22 term of the sequence is 68
∴n=8
You can also solve the problems from the 4. If the 10th term and the 18th term of an A.P.
following exercise to revise all the concepts are 25 and 41 respectively then find the
that you have already studied. following
i. the 1st term and the common difference,
➢ Properties of A.P. ii. the 38th term
1. If to each term of an A.P., a fixed nonzero iii. n such that the nth term is 99
number is added, then the resulting Solution:
progression is an A.P. We know that tn = a + (n – 1)d,
2. If each term of a given A.P. is multiplied or t10 = 25, t18 = 41
divided by a given non zero fixed number k i. Here t10 = 25
then the resulting progression is an A.P. ∴ 25 = a + (10 – 1) × d
∴ 25 =a+9×d
SOLVED EXAMPLES :- ∴ 25 = a + 9d
1. Find tn and hence t15 of the following A.P. Also given t18= 41
3, 8, 13, 18, …… ∴ 41 = a + (18 – 1) × d
Solution : = a + 17d
Here we have t1 = a = 3, t2 = 8, t3 = 13, Thus we have the following two equations
t4 = 18….. a + 9d = 25 …(1)
d = t2 – t1 = 8 – 3 = 5 a + 17d = 41 …(2)

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subtracting equation (1) from (2) we get 7. Find four consecutive terms in an A.P. such
8d = 16 that the sum of the middle two terms is 18
Thus d =2 and product of the two end terms is 45.
Subtracting d = 2 in equation (1) or (2) we Solution:
get a = 7 Let the four consecutive terms be a – 3d,
Thus the first term of the A.P. is 7 and the a – d, a + d, a + 3d.
common difference is 2. The sum of the middle two terms is 18.
ii. Now to find t38 ∴ (a – d) + (a + d) = 18
We have tn = a + (n – 1)d ∴ 2a = 18
∴ t38 = 7 + (38 – 1) 2 ∴ a =9
= 7 + 37 × 2 Now the product of the two end terms is 45.
∴ t38 = 81 ∴ (a – 3d)(a + 3d) = 45
iii. To find n where nth term is 99 ∴ a2 – 9d2 = 45
Now we have tn = a + (n – 1)d ∴ 81 – 9d2 = 45
∴ 99 = a + (n – 1)d ∴ 9d 2
= 81 – 45
∴ 9d2 = 36
…(Give tn = 99) 2
∴ d =4
= 7 + (n – 1) × 2 Thus d =±2
= 7 + 2n – 2 By putting a = 9 and d = 2 we get four
= 2n + 5 consecutive terms 3, 7, 11, 15
Hence 2n = 94 And by putting a = 9 and d = – 2 we get four
Thus n = 47 consecutive terms 15, 11, 7, 3
5. How many terms are there in the A.P. 187, 8. A farmer borrows Rs. 1,000 and agrees to
194, 201, …., 439? repay with a total interest of Rs. 140 in 12
Solution : instalments, each instalment being less than
Here a = 187, d = 194 – 187 = 7 and tn = 439. the preceding instalment by Rs. 10. What
To find the value of n we will use the formula should be his first instalment?
for tn. Solution:
We have tn = a + (n – 1)d Each instalment is less than the preceding
∴ 439 = 187 + (n – 1) d instalment by Rs. 10. Therefore the
∴ 439 – 187 = 7n – 7 instalments are in A.P. with common
∴ 252 + 7 = 7n difference – 10.
259 The farmer agrees to repay Rs. 1,000 with
∴ n = = 37
7 interest of Rs. 140 in 12 instalments.
Thus there are 37 terms in the given A.P. i.e. S12 = 1000 + 140
6. If for an A.P., the first term is 3 and the ∴ S12 = 1140
common difference is 6 then find Sn and Here n = 12, d = – 10 and S12 = 1140
hence find S10 We have to find the first instalment i.e., a,
𝑛
Solution : Sn = 2 [2a + (n – 1) d]
Here the first term a = 3 and the common 12
∴ S12 = [2a + (12 – 1) d]
difference = d = 6 2
𝑛 ∴ 1140 = 6[2a + 11(– 10)]
Hence Sn = 2 [2a + (n – 1)d]
𝑛
∴ 1140 = 6[2a – 110]
= 2 [(2 × 3) + (n – 1)× 6] 1140
𝑛 ∴ = 2a – 110
= 2 [6 + 6n – 6] 6
𝑛 ∴ 190 = 2a – 110
= 2 × 6n ∴ 2a = 190 + 110
∴ Sn = 3n2 ∴ 2a = 300
∴ S10 = 3 × 102 ∴ a = 150
Hence S10 = 300 Therefore the first instalment is Rs. 150.
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9. Find three consecutive terms in an A.P. 11. The sum of 4th term and 8th term of A.P. is 24
whose sum is 27 and their product is 504. and the sum of the 6th and 10th terms is 44.
Solution: Find the first three terms of the A.P.
Let the three consecutive terms be a – d, a, 12. The eighth term of an A.P. is half of its second
a + d. Their sum is 27. term and 11th term exceeds one third of fourth
Hence a – d + a + a + d = 27 term by 1. Find the 15th term.
∴ 3a = 27 13. Which term of the A.P. 3, 15, 27, 39, ….. will
i.e. a=9 be 132 more than its 54th term?
The product of all the three is 504. 14. Show that the sum of (m + n)th term and (m –
∴ (a – d)(a)(a + d) = 504 n)th term of an A.P. is equal to twice the mth
2 2
∴ 9(9 + d ) = 504 term.
∴ (9 – d )
2 2
= 56 15. If the 9th term of an A.P. is zero, prove that its
∴ d 2
= 81 – 56 = 25 29th term is twice its 19th term.
Thus d =±5 16. If m times the mth term of an A.P. is equal to n
Put a = 9 and d = 5 three terms are 4, 9, 14 times its nth term. Then find its (m + n)th term.
1
And if a = 9 and d = – 5 the three terms are 14, 17. In an A.P. the pth term is 𝑞 and the qth term is
9, 4. 1
. Find its (pq)th term
𝑝
CLASS WORK 18. If a, b and c are the pth, qth and rth terms
respectively of an A.P., then prove that
1. Which of the following lists of numbers from
i. p(b – c) + q(c – a) + r(a – b) = 0
an A.P.? If they form an A.P., find the
ii. a(q – r) + b(r – p) + c(p – q) = 0
common difference d and write the next three
19. For what value of n, are the nth terms of two
terms
A.P.s
a. 4, 10, 16, 22……
63 ,65, 37, …. and 3, 10, 17, ….. equal? Also,
b. – 2, 2, – 2, 2…
5 7 find that term
c. 2, 2 , 3, 2 , …… 20. Which term of the A.P. 121, 117, 113, …. is
d. 1, 3, 9, 27… the first negative term?
e. √2, √8, √18 , √32, …. 21. How many multiples of 4 lie between 10 and
2. Find the 10th term of the A.P. 2, 7, 12… 250?
3. Find the A.P. whose nth term is 3n – 5. 22. How many three digit numbers are divisible
4. Find the nth term and the 20th term of the list by 7?
of numbers 5, 1, – 3, – 7… 23. Find a, b and c such that the following
5. Find the 11th term from the end of the A.P. 10, numbers are in A.P. a, 7, b, 23, c.
7, 4… – 62. 24. Determine k so that k2 + 4k + 8, 2k2 + 3k + 6,
6. Check whether 301 is a term of the list of 3k2 + 4k + 4 are three consecutive terms of an
numbers: 5, 11, 17, 23… A.P.
7. The 17th term of an A.P. exceeds its 10th term 25. Split 207 into three parts such that these are in
by 7. Find the common difference. A.P. and the product of two smaller part is
8. Determine the A.P. whose 3rd term is 5 and the 4623.
7th term is 9. 26. The sum of three numbers in A.P. is 24 and the
9. An A.P. consists of 50 terms of which the third sum of their squares is 194. Find the numbers.
term is 12 and the last term is 106. Find the 27. The angles of a triangle are in A.P. The
29th term. greatest angle is twice the least. Find all the
10. The 26th, 11th and the last term of an A.P. are angels of the triangles.
1 28. The sum of the four consecutive numbers in
0, 3 and – respectively. Find the common
5 an A.P. is 32 and the ratio of the product of the
difference and the number of terms. first and last terms to the product of two
middle terms is 7 : 15. Find the numbers.
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1 44. The sum of the third term and the seventh
29. Find five numbers in A.P. whose sum is 122
terms of an A.P. is 6 and their product is 8.
and the ratio of the first to the last term is 2: 3.
Find the sum of first sixteen terms of the A.P.
30. Subba Rao started work in 1995 at an annual
45. The ratio of the 11th term to the 18th term of an
salary of Rs. 5000 and received an increment
A.P. is 2 : 3. Find the ratio of the 5th term to
of Rs. 200 each year. In which year did his
the 21st term, and also the ratio of the sum of
income reach Rs. 7000?
the sum of first five terms to the sum of first
31. Find the sum of the following A.P. s:
21 terms.
a. 8, 3, – 2, …. to 22 terms
46. Find the sum of first 24 terms of the list of
b. – 37, – 33 – 29, …. to 12 terms
numbers whose nth term is given by tn = 3 +
c. 0.6, 1.7, 2.8, …..to 100 terms
2n
32. Which term of the A.P.– 2, – 7, – 12, … will
47. In an A.P. if Sn = n(4n + 1) , find the A.P.
be – 77? Find the sum of this A.P. upto the
48. In an A.P. if Sn = 3n2 + 5n and ak = 164, find
term – 77.
the value of k.
33. If the sum of the first 14 terms of an A.P. is
49. If Sn denotes the sum of first n terms of an A.P.
1050 and its first term is 10, find the 20th term.
prove that S12 = 3(S8 – S4).
34. The first term of an A.P. is – 5 and the last
50. Find the sum of first 40 positive integers
term is 45. If the sum of the terms of the A.P.
divisible by 6.
is 120, then find the number of terms and the
51. Find the sum of all two digit numbers
common difference.
52. Find the sum of odd numbers between 0 and
35. In an A.P. (with usual notations):
50.
a. Given l = 28, S9 = 144, find a
53. Find the
b. Given t12 = 37, d = 3, find a and S12
a. Sum of those integers between 1 and 500
c. Given a = 2, d = 8, Sn = 90, find n and tn
which are multiples of 2 as well as 5.
d. Given t3 = 15, S10 = 125, find d and t10
b. Sum of those integers from 1 to 500
e. Given tn = 4, d = 2, Sn = – 14, find n and
which are multiples of 2 as well as 5.
a.
c. Sum of those integers from 1 to 500
36. Find the sum of the last 10 terms of the A.P. 8,
which are multiples of 2 or 5.
10, 12, …., 126.
54. Find the sum of integers between 100 and 200
37. How many terms of the A.P. 9, 17, 25, ….
that are
Must be taken to give a sum of 636?
a. Divisible by 9
38. How many terms of the A.P. – 15, – 13, – 11,
b. Not divisible by 9
… are needed to make the sum – 55?
55. Jaspal Singh repays his total loan of Rs.
39. Solve the equation: – 4 + (– 1) + 2 + … + x =
118000 by paying every month starting with
437.
the first instalment of Rs. 1000. If he increases
40. Find the sum of first 17 terms of an A.P.
the instalment by Rs. 100 every month, what
whose 4th and 9th terms are – 15 and – 30
amount will be paid by him in the 30th
respectively
instalment? What amount of loan does he still
41. If the sum of first 7 terms of an A.P. is 49 and
to pay after the 30th instalment?
that of first 17 terms is 289, find the sum of
56. In a flower bed, there are 23 rose plants in the
first n terms.
first row, 21 in the second row, 19 in the third
42. The sum of the first five terms and the sum of
row, and so on. There are 5 rose plants in the
first seven terms of the same A.P. is 167. If the
last row. How many rose plants are there in the
sum of first ten terms of this A.P. is 235, find
flower bed?
the sum of its first twenty terms.
57. In a potato race, a bucket is placed at the
43. An A.P. consists of 37 terms. The sum of the
starting point, which is 5 m from the first
three middle most terms is 225 and the sum of
potato, and the other potatoes are placed 3 m
the last three terms is 429. Find the A.P. and
apart in a straight line. There are 10 potatoes
the sum of all the 37 terms.
in the line. A competitor starts from the
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bucket, picks up the nearest potato, runs back 69. The sum of n terms of two A.P. are in the ratio
with it, drops it in the bucket, runs back to pick 7n + 2: 4n + 31. Find the ratio of their 9th term.
up the next potato, runs back to drop it in an 70. The sum of n terms of two arithmetic series
continues in the same way until all the are in the ratio of (7n + 1) : (4n + 27). Find the
potatoes are in the bucket. What is the total ratio of their nth term.
distance the competitor has to run? 71. Find 3 numbers in A.P. such that their sum is
58. Insert three arithmetic means between 15 and 12 and sum of their cubes is 288.
27 72. Kailash buys a house for Rs. 22000. He pays
59. Insert six A.M.s between 15 and – 15. Rs. 4000 cash and agrees to pay the balance in
60. If the sum of first m terms of an A.P. be n and animal installments of Rs. 1000 plus 10%
the sum of first n terms of the same A.P. be m, interest on the unpaid amount. What will the
show that the sum of its (m + n) terms is – (m house cost him?
+ n). 73. A spiral is made up of successive semicircles,
1 1 1 with centres alternatively at A and B, starting
61. , and 𝑐 are in A.P. Show that : bc, ca and ab
𝑎 𝑏
with centre at A, of radii 0.5 cm, 1.0 cm, 2.0
are also in A.P.
cm, ….. as shown in figure. What is the total
62. a, b and c are in A.P. show that : (b + c – a),
length of such a spiral made up of thirteen
(c + a – b) and (a + b – c) are also in A.P.
22
63.
𝑏+𝑐 𝑐+𝑎
, ,
𝑐+𝑎
and
𝑎+𝑏
are in A.P. show that consecutive Semicircles? (𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝜋 = )
7
𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑐
1 1 1
a. , and 𝑐 are in A.P.
𝑎 𝑏
b. bc, ca and ab are in A.P.
1 1 1 𝑏+𝑐 𝑐+𝑎
64. , and 𝑐 are in A.P. show that : , and
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏
𝑎+𝑏
are also in A.P.
𝑐
65. The pth term of an A.P. is 20 and its qth term is
10, show that the sum of its first HOME WORK
𝑝+𝑞 10
(p + q) terms is {30 + } 1. Which of the following are A.P.? If they form
2 𝑝−𝑎
66. Two cars start together in the same direction an A.P., find the common difference and write
from the same place. The first car goes at three next terms.
uniform speed of 10 km h – 1. The second car i. – 9, – 5, – 1, 3, …..
goes at a speed of 8 km h – 1 in the first hour ii. 112, 116, 120, 124, ….
and thereafter increasing the speed by 0.5 km iii. – 1.7, – 0.8, – 0.1, 1.7, ….
1 2 3
h – 1 each succeeding hour. After how many iv. , 𝑥 , 𝑥 , …….
𝑥
hours will the two cars meet? 3 1 1
v. 6, 74 , 92 , 114 , ….
67. A sum of Rs. 700 is to be paid to give seven
cash prizes to the students of a school for their vi. √3, √12, √27, √48, ….
overall academic performance. If the cost of vii. 3, 33, 35, 37, ……
each prize is Rs. 20 less than its preceding viii. – 3, – 3, – 3, – 3, ….
prize; find the value of each of the prizes. ix. √3, √6, √9, √12, ….
68. An article can be bought by playing Rs. x. 12, 32, 52, 72, …..
28,000 at once or by making 12 monthly xi. √50, √98, √162,….
instalments. If the first instalment paid is Rs. 2. Show that the following sequences are A.P.
3,000 and every other instalment is Rs. 100 Also find the first term and common
less than the previous one, find difference.
a. Amount of instalment paid in the 9th i. √5, √20, √45, √80,…..
month ii. (3 – √5), (2 – √5), (1 – √5), (−√5), ….
b. Total amount paid in the instalment iii. 0.7, 0.71, 0.72, 0.73, …..
scheme. 1 1
iv. 15, 122 , 10, 72, …
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EUREKA ICSE STD. X /MATHS/ CHP. 9 / ARITHMETIC & GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
5√2 8√2 11√2
, …. iii. Which term of A.P. 3, 8, 13, 18, …. is
v. √2, 2
, 2
, 2
1 2 3
78?
vi. 19, 185 , 175 , 165 , …. iv. Which term of A.P. 5, 2, – 1, …. is – 22?
3. Find the indicate terms for the following A.P. 8. i. Determine the number of terms in an
7 5 13 8
i. ,3, , 3 , ….. as, a100 A.P. 17, 141/2 , 12, ….. ,– 38
6 6
ii. Determine the number of terms in an
ii. 15, 12.3, 9.6, 6.9, …., a5, a25
3 1 1 A.P. – 1, (-5)/6, (-2)/3, …. 10/3
iii. 6, 7 4 , a2 , 114 , …. , a37
iii. Determine the number of terms in an
iv. (5a – b), 6a, (7a + b), ….., a11 A.P. 9, 15, 21, …., 207
−3 5
4. Justify whether it is true to say – 1, , – 2, 2 9. Given below are nth term of few progression.
2
, … forms an A.P. as a2 – a1 = a3 – a2. Which of them represents nth term of A.P.
5. In which of the following situations, do the Justify your answer
lists of numbers involved forms an A.P.? Give i. 7n – 1 ii. 6n2 + 2
reasons for your answers iii. 2n – 1 iv. 3n – 1
i. When a object is allowed to fall freely v. 2
n + 3n + 1 vi. n2 – 1
near the surface of earth, the vii. n3 + n2 – 1
gravitational pull is such that the object 10. Determine the common difference of an A.P.
falls 16 ft in the first second, 48 ft in the whose nth term is given below
next second, 80 ft in the next seconds, i. 2n + 11 ii. 3n + 1
and so on. iii. 5n + 3 iv. 3n
ii. A certain ball rebounds to half the height 11. i. The 6 term of an A.P. is 57 and 12th
th

from which it is dropped. If the ball was term is 48. Find its 20th term
dropped from a height of 4 m then the ii. The 7th term of an A.P. is 7 and 9th term
set of heights to which ball rebound each is 10. Find its 3rd term
time it falls on ground. iii. If 5th term of an A.P. is 10 and its 14th
iii. Amount at the end of each week in piggy term is twice its 7th term. Find its first
bank of Surabhi if she saves Rs. 100 term and common difference
each week. iv. The 4th and 10th terms of an A.P. are 13
iv. The cost of a laptop which was bought and 25 respectively. Find the term and
at Rs. 36000 at the end of each year, if common difference of the A.P. Also
the annual depreciation is Rs. 3500. find its 20th term.
v. The amount of money in a saving 12. i. The 7th term of an A.P. is 32 and its 13th
account every year, when Rs. 1000 is term is 62. Find the A.P.
deposited at compound interest at 8% ii. The 7th term of an A.P. is – 4 and its 13th
per annum. term is – 16. Find the A.P.
vi. The fee charged every month by a iii. The 8th term of an A.P. is – 23 and its
school from classes I to XII when 12th term is – 39. Find the A.P.
monthly free for class I is Rs. 250 and it iv. Which term of the A.P. 3, 10, 17…. Will
increases by Rs. 50 for the next higher be 84 more than its 13th term?
class. 13. i. Find the value of k so that k + 2, 4k – 6
6. i. Find 20th term from end of the A.P. 3, and 3k – 2 are three consecutive term of
7, 11, ….. 407 A.P.
ii. Find 14th term from end of the A.P. 5, ii. If (k + 1), 3k and (4k + 2) are three
12, 19, ….. 152 consecutive terms of A.P., then find the
iii. Find 10th term from end of the A.P. 4, 9, value of k.
14, 19, ….. 254 14. i. Find the common difference of A.P. for
7. i. Which term of A.P. 68, 64, 60, …. is 0? which a20 – a3 = 357
ii. Which term of A.P. 5, 13, 21, …. is 181? ii. Find the missing term in the A.P. , 13,
,3
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EUREKA ICSE STD. X /MATHS/ CHP. 9 / ARITHMETIC & GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
iii. Find the missing terms in the A.P. – 3, ii. (– 12) + (– 9) + (– 6) – …. + 21
, , , 25 iii. 4 + 9 + 14 + … + 199
𝑎4 2 𝑎6
15. i. For an A.P. {an} if 𝑎 = 3 , then find 𝑎 −8 −6 −4
7 8 iv. + ( 3 ) + ( 3 ) + …. + 10
3
𝑡11 17 𝑎21
ii. For an A.P. {tn} if = , find 26. Which term of the A.P.– 2, – 7, – 12, … will
𝑡6 9 𝑎1
16. i. Which term of the sequence 114, 109, be – 77? Find the sum of this A.P. upto the
104, ….. is the first negative term? term – 77.
3
ii. Which term of the sequence 15, 134 , 27. Of l, a, n, d and Sn determine the ones that are
1 1 missing for each of the following A.P.s
122 , 114, ….. is the first negative term?
i. a = – 2, d = 5, Sn = 568
17. If pth term of an A.P. is q and qth term is p, ii. l = 8, n = 8, S8 = – 20
prove that its rth term is p + q – r 17 3
iii. a = , d = 2 , n = 64
18. The second, 31st and the last term of an A.P. 2
3 1 1 iv. a = – 3030, l = – 1530, n = 51
are 74, and −6 2 respectively. Find the first
2 28. i. How many terms of the series 20 + 16 +
term and the number of terms 12 …. amounts to 48? Explain the
19. If (p + 1)th term of an A.P. is twice the (q + 1)th double answer
term, prove that the (3p + 1)th term is twice the ii. How many terms of the A.P. 24, 20, 16,
(p + q + 1)th term. …. are taken so that their sum may be
20. Jasleen saved Rs. 5 in the first week of the year equal to 72. Explain the double answer
and then increased her weekly savings by Rs. iii. How many terms of A.P. series 9 + 17 +
1.75 each week. During which week will her 25 + … must be taken to give a sum of
weekly savings would cross Rs. 19.75? 636?
21. Ramkali saved Rs. 5 in the first week of year iv. How many terms of the series 21 + 18 +
and then increased her weekly savings by Rs. 15 + 12 + ….., should we take to get a
1.75 each week. In which week will her total sum zero
weekly be Rs. 20.75. 29. Solve the following equations
22. Suba Rao started worked in 1995 at an annual i. 1 + 6 + 11 + 16 + …. + x = 148?
salary of Rs. 5000 and received an increment ii. 1 + 4 + 7 + 10 + …. + x = 715?
of Rs. 200 each year. In which year did his iii. – 4 + (– 1) + 2 + …. + x = 437?
income reach Rs. 7000? 30. i. Find the sum of the first hundred even
23. Wheat for soldiers posted at a remote hilly natural numbers divisible by 5
post is 100 kg. The consumption of wheat ii. Find the sum of all natural numbers
during first week is 18kg, second week is 16 between 1 and 100 which are multiples
kg, and third week is 14 kg. After how many of 3
weeks wheat would be consumed completely. iii. Find the sum of all odd numbers of four
24. Find the sum of the following series digits which are divisible by 9
i. 2 + 5 + 8 + 11 + …. Upto 44 terms iv. Find he sum of integers between 50 and
1 1
ii. 2 + 32 + 5 + 62 ….. upto 45 terms 500 which are divisible by 7
31. i. Find the sum of all 3-digit numbers which
iii. 1 + (– 2) + (– 5) + (– 8) + …. + (– 236)
leave remainder 1 when divided by 4.
iv. (x + y) + (x – y) + (x – 3y) …. upto 20
ii. Find the sum of all natural numbers
terms
𝑎−𝑏 3𝑎−5𝑏 5𝑎−9𝑏 between 200 and 500 which leave the
v. + + + …. upto 11 terms remainder 3 when divided by 13.
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
1 2 3 32. Find the sum of all natural numbers between
vi. (1 + 𝑛 ) + (1 − 𝑛) (1 − 𝑛) + …. to n term
200 and 400
0.7 + 0.71 + 0.72 + …. Upto 100 terms i. Which are divisible by both 5 and 3
25. Sum the following series ii. Which are divisible by 5 or 3
i. 51 + 50 + 49 + … + 21

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EUREKA ICSE STD. X /MATHS/ CHP. 9 / ARITHMETIC & GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
33. Find the sum of all natural numbers from 1 to common difference is 5°. Find the number of
1000 sides of polygon.
i. Which are not divisible by 5 [Hint : Angle in convex polygon can’t exceed
ii. Which are neither divisible by 5 nor by 2 180°]
34. i. Find the sum of n terms of a sequence 42. If Sn denotes the sum of n terms of an A.P.
{an} where an = 5 – 6n whose first term is a, show that the common
ii. Find the sum to 10 terms of an A.P. whose difference of the A.P. is given by
nth term is 3n + 2. d = Sn – 2Sn – 1 + Sn – 2
35. i. Find the sum of 32 terms of an A.P. whose 43. If Sn denotes the sum of first n terms of an A.P.
third term is 1 and 6th term is – 11 prove that
ii. Find the sum of first 35 terms of an A.P. i. S12 = 3(S8 – S4)
if a2 = 2 and a1 = 22 ii. S30 = 3(S20 – S10)
iii. Find sum of n terms of an A.P. when 7th 44. If Sn = n2p and Sm = m2p, m ≠ n in an A.P.
term is 30 and 13th term is 54. then prove that Sp = p3.
36. i. Find the series and nth term when sum of 45. The first, second and last term of an finite A.P.
first n terms of an A.P. is 3n2 + 4n are a, b and 2a respectively, show that its sum
ii. In an A.P. if Sn = 3n2 + 5n and ak = 164, 3𝑎𝑏
is 2(𝑏−𝑎).
find the value of k.
46. Show that the sum of first n even natural
iii. If the sum of n terms of series is 2n2 + 3n
1
+ 4, find the series and also its nth term. numbers is equal to (1 + 𝑛) times the sum of
37. i. If the sum of first 6 terms of an A.P. is 36 first n odd natural numbers.
and that of first 16 terms is 256. 47. If S, S1, S2 denote respectively the sum of first
Find the sum of first 10 terms 2n natural numbers, the sum of first n odd
ii. Find the sum of last ten terms of the A.P. natural numbers and sum of first n even
8, 10, 12, ….., 126. natural numbers, verify that S = S1 + S2.
38. The sum of first n terms of an A.P. whose first 48. If S1, S2, S3 are the sums of n terms of three
term is 8 and common difference is 20 is equal A.P.s, the first term of each being unity and
to sum of first 2n terms of another A.P. whose respective common differences being 1, 2, 3;
first term is – 30 and common difference is 8. prove that S1 + S3 = 2S2.
Find n. 49. If S1, S2, S3, … Sp be the sum of n terms of
39. i. Find the sum of all 11 terms of an A.P. A.P.s whose first terms are respectively 1, 2, 3
whose middle most term is 30 and common differences are respectively 1, 2,
11+2 𝑛𝑝
[Hint : middle term = ( 2 )th = 6th term. 3 Prove that : S1 + S2 + S3 + … + Sp = 4
Use the fact that 6th term from beginning (n + 1) (p + 1)
+ 6th term from end = sum of first and last
50. Find the sum of 2n terms of the series 12 – 22
term
⇒ 30 + 30 = a + l ⇒ a + l = 60] + 32 – 42 + 52 – 62 + …..
ii. An A.P. consists of 37 terms. The sum of [Hint : (12 – 22) + (32 – 42) + (52 – 62) + … to
three middle most terms is 225 and the n terms = – 3 – 7 – 11 … n terms]
sum of last three terms is 426. Find the 51. If the ratio of the sum of p terms and q terms
A.P. of an A.P. is p2 : q2. Prove that common
40. i. Find the sum of the A.P. difference is twice the first term.
a1, a2, a3, …. a30 given that a1 + a7 + a10 52. i. The ratio of sum of n terms of two
+ a21 + a24 + a30 = 540 arithmetic progression is
ii. Find the sum of first 24 terms of an A.P. (7n + 1) : (4n + 27). Find the ratio of
a1, a2, ….. ,a24 given that a1 + a5 + a10 + their 11th terms.
a15 + a20 + a24 = 200 ii. The ratio of sum of n terms of two A.P.s
41. The interior angles of a convex polygon are in is (3n + 8) : (7n + 15). Find the ratio of
A.P. The smallest angle is 120° and the their 12th terms.

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EUREKA ICSE STD. X /MATHS/ CHP. 9 / ARITHMETIC & GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
53. i. If the sum of the first n terms of two number obtained by reversing the digits is 396
A.P.s are in the ratio more than the original number. Find the
(7n – 5) : (5n + 17); show that the 6th number.
terms of the two progressions are equal 61. A farmer undertakes to pay off a debt of Rs.
ii. If S1 be the sum of (2n + 1) terms of an 6240 by monthly instalments he pays Rs. 300
A.P. and S2 be the sum of its odd terms, as first instalment and increase every
then prove that subsequent instalment by Rs. 40 over the
S1 : S2 = (2n + 1) : (n + 1). immediate previous instalment. In how many
54. If the ratio of the sum of m terms and n terms months his debt will be cleared up?
of an A.P. is m2 : n2, prove that the ratio of its 62. A farmer buys a used tractor for Rs. 12000. He
mth and nth terms is (2m – 1) : (2n – 1). pays Rs. 6000 cash and agrees to pay the
55. i. Sum of three numbers in A.P. is 21 and balance in annual instalments of Rs. 500 plus
their product is 315. Find them 12% interest on unpaid amount. What will the
ii. Split 39 into three parts in A.P. such that tractor cost him?
the largest exceeds the smallest by 6. 63. A man arrange to pay off a debt of Rs. 3600 in
iii. The sum of three number in A.P. is 15 40 annual instalments which form an A.P.
and the sum of their squares is 93. Find when 30 instalments were paid off, he dies
the numbers. 1
leaving 3rd of the debt unpaid. Find the value
iv. The sum of three terms in A.P. is 30. The
of 1st instalment.
product of the first and third terms
64. A manufacturer of radio-sets produced 600
exceeds 9 times the second term by
units in the third year and 700 units in 7th year.
unity. Find the numbers
Find
v. The sum of three numbers in A.P. is 24
i. Production in the 1st year
and sum of their cubes is 1968. Find the
ii. Total production in first seven years
numbers.
Production in the 10th year
56. i. Find four numbers in A.P. whose sum is
65. A gentleman buys every year Bank’s cash
28 and ratio of product of first and fourth
certificate of value exceeding the last year’s
is to the product of second and third is 5
purchase by Rs. 25. After 20 years, he finds
: 6. Find the numbers
total value of certificates is Rs. 7250. Find the
ii. Find the four numbers in A.P. whose
value of certificate purchased by him
sum is 24 and the sum of whose squares
i. In 1st year ii. In 13th year
is 164.
66. A student taking a test consisting of 10
57. i. The angles of quadrilateral are in A.P.
questions is told that each question after the 1st
and common difference is 30°. Find the
is worth 2 marks more than preceding
measures of the angles
question. If the third question is worth 5
ii. Divide 20 into four parts which form an
marks, what is the maximum number of
A.P. such that product of the first and
marks?
fourth bears a ratio to the product of
67. A tree in each year grows 4 cm less than it did
second and third as 2 : 3.
in the previous year. If it grew 1 metre in the
58. Find five numbers in A.P. whose sum is 25
1st year, in how many years will it have ceased
and the sum of whose squares is 135.
growing and what will be its height then?
59. The sum of each of two sets of three terms in
68. A class consists of a number of boys whose
A.P. is 15. The common difference of the first
ages are in arithmetic progression, the
set is greater than that of second by 1 and the
common difference being 6 months. If the
ratio of the product of the terms in the first set
youngest boy is 10 years old and the sum of
and that of the second set is 7 : 8. Find the two
the ages is 153 years, find the number of boys
sets of numbers.
in the class.
60. The digits of a positive integer having three
69. 150 workers were engaged to finish a piece of
digits are in A.P. and their sum is 15. The
work in a certain number of days. Four
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EUREKA ICSE STD. X /MATHS/ CHP. 9 / ARITHMETIC & GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
workers dropped the second day, four more 73. The student of a school decided to beautify the
workers dropped the third day and so on. It school on the annual day by fixing colourful
takes 8 more days to finish the work now. Find flags on the straight passage of the school.
the number of ways in which the works was They have 27 flags to be fixed at intervals of
completed. every 2 m. the flags are stored at the position
70. Two cars start together in the same direction of the middle most flag. Ruchi was given the
from the same place. The first goes with responsibility of placing the flags. Ruchi kept
uniform speed of 10 k.p.h. The second goes at her books where the flags were stored. She
a speed of 8 k.p.h. in the first hour and could carry only one flag at a time. How much
1 distance did she cover in completing this job
increases the speed by km each succeeding
2
and returning back to collect her books? What
hours. After how many hours will the second
is the maximum distance she travelled
car overtake the first if both cars goes non-
carrying a flag?
stop?
74. A ladder has rungs 25 cm apart. (see figure).
71. A polygon has 25 sides, the lengths of which
The rungs decrease uniformly in length from
starting from the smallest side are in A.P. If
45 cm at the bottom to 25
the perimeter of the polygon is 2100 cm, the
cm at the top. It the top
length of the largest side 20 times that of the
and the bottom rungs are
smallest, find the length of the smallest side 1
and the common difference of the A.P. 22 m apart. What is the
72. Jaspalsing repays his total loan of Rs. 118000 length of the wood
by paying every month starting with first required for the rungs?
instalment of Rs. 1000. If he increases the
instalment by Rs. 100 every month, what
amount will be paid by him in the 30th
instalment? What amount of loan does he still
have to pay after the 30th instalment?

-: SUMMARY :-
Geometric Progression (G.P.)
A list of numbers in which each term is obtained by multiplying its preceding term by a fixed (non-zero)
number, except the first term, is called a geometric progression (abbreviated G.P.)
Thus, a list of numbers forms a G.P. if and only if the ratio of any term to its preceding term is constant (a
fixed non-zero number)
This fixed number is denoted by r.
The first, second, third, …. Terms of a G.P. are respectively denoted a1, a2, a3, ….
𝑎
So, the list of number a1, a2, a3, … forms a G.P. if and only if 𝑛+1 = r, a fixed number.
𝑎𝑛
The first term of a G.P. is also denoted by a.
The general G.P. is a, ar, ar2, ….
• G.P. is called finite if and only if it contains a finite number of terms
• If a1, a2, a3, … is a G.P. then a1 + a2 + a3 + …. is called a geometric series.

General terms of a G.P.

If a, ar, ar2, …. is a G.P., then its general term is denoted by an and an = arn – 1.
• If a finite G.P. a, ar, ar2, …. contains n term and its last term is l, then l = arn – 1.

The nth term from end of a finite G.P.

i. If a, ar, ar2, …. is finite G.P. consisting of m terms, then the nth term from end = arm – n.
1 𝑛−1
ii. If a, ar, ar2, … is a finite G.P. with last term 𝑙, then nth term from end = 𝑙 ( 𝑟) .
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EUREKA ICSE STD. X /MATHS/ CHP. 9 / ARITHMETIC & GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
Numbers in G.P.
𝑏 𝑐
i. The numbers a, b, c are in G.P. if and only if 𝑎 = 𝑏 i.e, iff b2 = ac.
ii. If the product of numbers in G.P. is given, then
𝑎
a. three numbers are taken as 𝑟 , a, ar.
𝑎 𝑎
b. four numbers are taken as 𝑟 3 , 𝑟 , a, ar, ar2

Sum of first n terms of a G.P.

If a is the first term and r is the common ratio of a G.P. and the sum of its firs n terms is denoted by Sn, then
𝑎(1−𝑟 𝑛 ) 𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 − 1)
i. Sn = or Sn = , r ≠ 1.
1−𝑟 𝑟−1
Note that if r = 1, then Sn = a + a + a + … n times = na
ii. If 𝑙is the last term of G.P., then
𝑎−𝑙𝑟 𝑙𝑟−𝑎
Sn = or Sn = , r ≠ 1.
1−𝑟 𝑟−1

-: NOTES : -
GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
A sequence, in which each of its terms can be obtained by multiplying or dividing its preceding term
by a fixed quantity, is called a geometric progression and the fixed quantity is called common ratio.
In general, geometric (geometrical) progression is abbreviated as G.P. and common ratio is denoted by
letter r.
i. Sequence 2, 4, 8, 16, … is a G.P. as each term of it multiplied by 2 gives its next term. [clearly,
common ratio r = 2]
2
ii. Sequence 6, 2, 3 , … is a G.P. as each terms can be obtained by multiplying its preceding term
1 1
by 3. [clearly, common ratio r = 3]
3 21 2
iii. 60, – 24, 95 ,– 3 25 , …. is a G.P. with common ratio − 5 .

In a G.P., common ratio is obtained by dividing any term of it by its preceding term.
1
For G.P. 16, 8, 4, 2, 1, 2 , ……
8 1 4 1 2 1
= 2, 8 = 2, 4 = 2 , …….
16
8 4 2 1
∴ = = 4 = ….. = 2 = common ratio (r)
16 8
If first term of a G.P. is 5 and its common ratio is 3, then
G.P. = 5, 5 × 3, 5 × 3 × 3, 5 × 3 × 3 × 3, …..
= 5, 15, 45, 135, …..
Which can also be written as : 5 + 15 + 45 + 135 + ……

GENERAL TERM OF A GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION:

Let the first term of a geometric progression = a and its common ratio = r, then its:
First term, t1 = a = ar1 – 1
Second term, t2 = ar = ar2 – 1
Third term, t3 = ar2 = ar3 – 1
Fourth term, t4 = ar3 = ar4 – 1
……………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………..
and nth term, tn = arn – 1

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If a geometric progression has n terms only, its nth term is called its last term which is denoted by
letter 𝑙.
∴ Last term (𝑙) = arn – 1
𝑙
nth term from end = 𝑟 𝑛−1
i.e., nth term = arn – 1
⇒ i. 8th term = ar8 – 1 = ar7
ii. 15th term = ar14
iii 20th term = ar19 and so on
If out of the four quantities a, r, n and tn (i.e. 𝒍) any three quantities are given, we can find the
remaining fourth quantity.

PROPERTIES OF GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION :

1. The ratio between the consecutive terms of a G.P. is always the same.
i.e., if t1, t2, t3, t4, ….. form a G.P.
𝑡2 𝑡 𝑡
⟹ = 𝑡3 = 𝑡4 = ……..
𝑡1 2 3
2. In a G.P. the product of the two terms equidistant from its beginning and from its end is always constant
which is equal to the product of its first term and its last term.
i.e., rth term from the beginning x rth term from the end [for every G.P.]
= constant = first term of the G.P. x its last term
⟹ 7th term from the beginning x 7th term from the end
= constant = first term of the G.P. x its last term
3. If a, b and c are in G.P.
𝑏 𝑐
⟹ 𝑎 = 𝑏 i.e., b2 = ac

∴ a, b and c are in G.P. ⟹ b2 = ac

Conversely, b2 = ac ⟹ a, b and c are in G.P.

4. In a G.P. if the terms at equal distance are taken, these terms are also in G.P.
e.g., for G.P. 2, 6, 18, 54, 162, 486, ….
i. 2, 18, 162, …… are in G.P.
ii. 6, 54, 486, …… are in G.P.
5. If each term of a G.P. be multiplied or divided by the same non-zero number, the resulting series is also
a G.P.
6. The series obtained by taking the reciprocals of the terms of a G.P., is also a G.P.
e.g., 6, 24, 96, 384, …. is a G.P.
1 1 1 1
⟹ , 24 , 96 , 384 is also a G.P.
6
7. If each term of a G.P. is raised to the same non-zero number power, the resulting series is also a G.P.
e.g., 2, 8, 32, …… is a G.P.
⟹ 25, 85, 325, …… is also a G.P.
8. If the corresponding terms of two different G.P.s are multiplied together or divided in the same order,
the resulting series, so obtained is also a G.P.
e.g., a, ar, ar2, ar3, ….. is a G.P.
and, A, AR, AR2, AR3, ….. is a G.P.
then, a × A, (ar) × (AR), (ar2) × (AR2), ….. is also a G.P.
In the same way, if the terms of a G.P. be divided by corresponding terms of some other G.P., the
resulting series, so obtained, is also a G.P.
Thus for G.P. a, ar, ar2, ar3, …..
And for G.P. A, AR, AR2, AR3, ……
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EUREKA ICSE STD. X /MATHS/ CHP. 9 / ARITHMETIC & GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
𝑎 𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑟 2
, , , …… is also a G.P.
𝐴 𝐴𝑅 𝐴𝑅 2

SUM OF n TERMS OF A G.P.

If for a G.P., the first term = a, the common ratio = r and number of terms = n, the sum of n terms is
Sn = a + ar + ar2 + ar3 + ….. + arn – 1 …I
Case I : When r = 1
Sn = a + a + a + a + ….. to n terms
= na
Case II: When r < 1
Sn = a + ar + ar2 + ….. + arn – 1 ….I
n–1
r x Sn = ar + ar + ….. + ar
2
+ arn …II
Equation I – equation II, gives:
Sn – r x Sn = a – arn
⟹ Sn (1 – r) = a(1 – rn)
𝒂(𝟏−𝒓𝒏 )
i.e., Sn = 𝟏−𝒓

Case III: When r > 1

𝒂(𝟏−𝒓𝒏 ) 𝒂(𝒓𝒏 − 𝟏)
Sn = =
𝟏−𝒓 𝒓−𝟏

Thus : Sn = na, when r = 1

𝑎(1−𝑟 𝑛 )
= , when r < 1
1−𝑟
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 − 1)
= , when r > 1
𝑟−1

Further, if 𝑙 = last term of the G.P.

= arn – 1
⟹ 𝑙r = arn – 1 x r = arn
∴ for r < 1, we have
𝑎(1−𝑟 𝑛 ) 𝑎−𝑎𝑟 𝑛 𝑎−𝑙𝑟
Sn = = = [∴ arn = 𝑙r]
1−𝑟 1−𝑟 1−𝑟
And, for r > 1, we have
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 − 1) 𝑎𝑟 𝑛 − 𝑎 𝑙𝑟−𝑎
Sn = = =
𝑟−1 𝑟−1 𝑟−1

For a G.P. with first term = a and common ratio = r

i. if r = 1, Sn = na
𝑎(1−𝑟 𝑛 ) 𝑎−𝑙𝑟
ii. if r < 1, S = = and
1−𝑟 1−𝑟
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 − 1) 𝑙𝑟−𝑎
iii. if r > 1, Sn = =
𝑟 −1 𝑟−1

SOLVED EXAMPLES :-
1. Find tn and hence t5 of the following G.P. : 2. Find the 7th term of the G.P. 2, 6, 18, ….
3, 6, 12, …. Solution: This is a G.P. with
Solution: Here we have a = 3, r = 2 a = 2, n = 7 and r = 3
Now tn = arn – 1 Hence tn = arn – 1
tn = 3 × 2n – 1 Therefore t7 = 2 × 37 – 1
Hence t5 = 3 × 25 – 1 t7 = 2 × 36
t5 = 3 × 24 t7 = 2 × 729
Thus t5 = 48 Therefore t7 = 1458
th
Thus the 7 term of the given G.P. is 1458
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EUREKA ICSE STD. X /MATHS/ CHP. 9 / ARITHMETIC & GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
3. If the 2nd term and the 5th term of a G.P. are 1(37 −1)
∴ S7 = 3−1
24 and 81 respectively then find the 1st term 2187−1 2186
and the common ratio. ∴ S7 = = = 1093
2 2
Solution: Let the first term be a and let the common
6. Find the sum of the first 8 terms of the G.P.
ratio be r
3, – 6, 12, – 24, ….
We know tn = arn – 1 we have given t2 = 24 and
Sol. Here have a = 3 and r = – 2 here r < 1
t5 = 81
𝑎(1−𝑟 𝑛 )
t2 = ar2 – 1, t5 = ar5 – 1 ∴ Sn = 1−𝑟
24 = ar1, 81 = ar4 3 x [1 –(−2)8 ]
S8 =
81 = 24 × r3 1−(−2)
81 3 𝑥 (1−28 )
= r3 ∴ S8 =
24 3
27
=r 3 ∴ S8 = 1 – 28
8
3
∴ S8 = 1 - 256
Thus =r ∴ S8 = – 255
2
𝑡2
∴ = r, ∴ t2 = t1 × r Thus S8 = – 255
𝑡1
3
i.e., 24 = t1 × 7. Find three consecutive terms in a G.P. such
2
3 that their sum is 38 and their product is
∴ t1 = 16 and the common ratio is 2
1728.
𝑎
4. Let us now solve the above example of Sol. Let the three terms be 𝑟 , a, ar
purchasing a horse and find the price of it Then
𝑎
+ a + ar = 38 …(1)
suggested by the seller. 𝑟
𝑎
He suggested that there are 16 nails and And x a x ar = 1728 …(2)
𝑟
Ramrao has to pay Rs. 2 for the first nail, From equation (2) a3 = 1728
Rs. 4 for the second nail, Rs. 8 for the third Hence a = 12
and so on. This is a G.P. as follows Substituting this value of a in equation (1) we
2, 4, 8, 16, 32, …., up to 16 terms have
12
Solution : Here the first term is 2 and the common + 12 + 12r = 38
𝑟
ratio is 2. ∴ 12r2 + 12r + 12 = 38r
The sum of first n terms is given as ∴ 12r2 – 26r + 12 = 0
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 − 1)
Sn = 𝑟−1
∴ 6r2 – 13r + 6 = 0
Hence substituting a = 2, r = 2 we get ∴ 6r2 – 9r – 4r + 6 = 0
2(216 −1) ∴ (3r – 2) (2r – 3) = 0
S16 = 2 3
2−1
∴ r = 3 or r=2
= 2[(24)4 – 1]
= 2[(162)2 – 1] Thus the three terms are 8, 12, 18
= 2[(256)2 – 1]
= 2 (65536 – 1)
CLASS WORK
= 2 x 65535
= 131070. 1. Find, which of the following sequence form a
Thus Ramrao will have to pay Rs. 1,31,070 G.P.
instead of Rs. 20,000 which was suggested by (i) 8, 24, 72, 216, ….
1 1 1 1
the seller. (ii) , , 72 , 216 , ….
8 24
5. Find the sum of the first 7 terms of the G.P. (iii) 9, 12, 16, 24, …..
1, 3, 9, …… 2. Show that 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, …. is a G.P. Hence
Solution : Here we have find the 7th term.
a = 1 and r = 3 and 3 > 1 3. i. Find the 20th term and the nth term of the
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1) 5 5 5
Sn = 𝑟−1 list of number : 2 , 4 , 8 , …..

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EUREKA ICSE STD. X /MATHS/ CHP. 9 / ARITHMETIC & GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
ii. Find the nth and the 15th term of series 20. The product of first three terms of a G.P. is
1 1 1 1000. If 6 is added to its second term and 7 add
1–2+4–8+…+…
to its third term, then the terms become in A.P.
iii. Which term of the list of numbers √3 , 3,
find the G.P.
3, √3 , …… is 729? 21. The sum of three numbers in G.P. is 56. If we
iv. Which term of the list of numbers 18,– 12, subtract 1, 7, 21 from these numbers in that
512
8, …. is 729 ? order, we obtain an A.P. Find the numbers
4. Find the seventh term of the G.P. : 22. If x, 2y, 3z are in A.P. where the distinct
1, √3 , 3, 3√3 , …. numbers x, y, z are in G.P. then find the
5. Find the 8th term of the sequence : common ratio of the G.P
3 1 23. i. Find three numbers in G.P. such that their
, 12 , 3, …..
4
sum is 35 and their product is 1000
6. Find the next three terms of the sequence :
ii. Find three numbers in G.P. such that their
√5, 5, 5√5 , ….
sum is 13/3 and the sum of their squares is
7. Find the sixth term of the series : 22, 23, 24, ….. 91
8. Find the seventh term of the G.P. : .
3
√3 − 1 24. i. Find four numbers in G.P. such that their
√3 + 1, 1, , …..
2 product is 1 and the sum of the middle two
9. If the third, sixth and the last terms of a G.P. 10
numbers is
are 6, 48 and 3072 respectively, find the first 3

term and the number of terms in the G.P. ii. Find five numbers in G.P. such that their
10. Find the seventh term from the end of the product is 32 and the product of fourth and
series : √2, 2, 2√2 , …. , 32 fifth number is 108.
11. Find the third term from the end of the G.P. : 25. Find four numbers forming a G.P. in which the
2 2 2 third term is greater than the first term by 9, and
, 9 , 3 , … , 162.
27 the second term is greater than the fourth by 18.
1 1 1
12. For the G.P. , , , … 81; find the product 26. Find four numbers in G.P. such that the sum of
27 9 3
of fourth term from the beginning and the the extreme numbers is 112 and the sum of the
fourth term from the end middle numbers is 48.
13. Find the 5th term from the end of the list of 27. If x, 2x + 2, 3x + 3 are first three terms of a
numbers 2, 6, 18, …, 39366. geometric progression, find its fourth term.
14. For the G.P.s 28. In a set of four numbers, the first three are in
i. If a = 7, r = 1/3, find t6 G.P. and the last three are in A.P. with a
ii. If a = 5, r = – 2, find t5 common difference of 6. If the first and the
iii. If a = 2/3, t6 = 162, find r fourth number are equal, find the four numbers.
iv. If t8 = 640, r = 2, find a. 29. The third term of a G.P. is 4. Find the product
15. The first term of a G.P. with real terms is 1. If of its first five terms.
the sum of its third and fifth terms is 90, find 30. If the 4th, 10th and 16th terms of a G.P. are x, y
the common ratio of the G.P. and z respectively, prove that x, y, z are in G.P.
16. If the sum of the first two terms of a G.P. is 31. Consider a G.P. of finitely many terms. Prove
– 4 and the fifth term is 4 times the third term, that product of nth term from the beginning and
find the G.P. nth term from the end is a constant and equals
13 to the product of first and the last terms.
17. The sum of three numbers in G.P. is 12 and
their product is – 1. Find the numbers 32. If the first and the nth terms of a G.P. are a and
18. Find three numbers in G.P. whose product is b respectively, and if P is the product of first n
216 and the sum of their products in pairs is terms, prove that p2 = (ab)n.
156. 33. If the pth and qth terms of a G.P. are q and p
19. Three numbers whose sum is 21 are in A.P. If respectively, show that its (p+q)th term is
2, 2, 14 are added to them respectively, the 1
𝑞 𝑝 𝑝−𝑞
resulting numbers are in G.P. Find the (𝑝 𝑞 )
numbers.
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EUREKA ICSE STD. X /MATHS/ CHP. 9 / ARITHMETIC & GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
34. If (p + q)th term of a G.P. is m and (p – q)th 48. If a, b, c are in G.P. and a, x, b, y, c are in A.P.
term is n, show that pth term is √𝑚𝑛 and qth prove that:
1 1 2 𝑎 𝑐
𝑛 𝑝/2𝑞 i. +𝑦=𝑏 ii. +𝑦=2
term is m ( ) 𝑥 𝑥
𝑚
35. If a, b, c, d are in G.P. prove that 49. If logx an, logx bn and logx cn are in A.P., prove
i. a + b, b + c, c + d are in G.P. that a, b, c are in G.P.
ii. a2 – b2, b2 – c2, c2 – d2 are in G.P. 50. Find the sum of first 5 terms and first n terms
iii. (a – b)2, (b – c)2, (c – d)2 are in G.P. of the list of numbers 3, 6, 12, …..
1 1 1
iv. an + bn, bn + cn, cn + dn are in G.P. 51. Find the sum of the series 1 – + – +…
2 4 8
v. (a2 + b2 + c2)(b2 + c2 + d2) = (ab+bc + cd)2. upto 8 terms
36. If pth, qth and rth terms of a G.P. are 2 1 1 81
52. Find the sum of the series 9 + 3 + 2 + …. + 32
themselves in G.P., show that p, q, r are in A.P. 3 3
37. If the pth, qth and rth terms of a G.P. are a, b 53. How many terms of the G.P. 3, , , …. are
2 4
and c respectively, show that aq – r. br – p. cp – q needed to give the sum
3069
?
512
= 1.
54. How many terms of the series √3 + 3 + 3√3 +
38. If a, b, c are in G.P. and a1/x = b1/y = c1/z, prove
…. will make the sum 39 + 13√3 ?
that x, y, z are in A.P.
55. Given a G.P. with a = 729 and 7th term = 64,
39. If a, b, c are in A.P. and x, y, z are in G.P.,
determine S7.
prove that : xb – c . yc – a . za – b = 1
1 56. Find the number of terms of a geometric
40. If a, b, c are in A.P.; b, c, d are in G.P. and 𝑐 ,
progression {tn} if t1 = 3, tn = 96 and Sn = 189.
1 1
, are in A.P. prove that a, c, e are in G.P. 57. The sum of some terms of a G.P. is 315 whose
𝑑 𝑒
41. If the pth, qth and rth terms of an A.P. are in first term and the common ratio are 5 and 2
G.P., prove that the common ratio of the G.P. respectively. Find the last term and the
𝑞−𝑟 number of terms.
is 𝑝−𝑞
58. Evaluate :
𝑎+𝑏𝑥 𝑏+𝑐𝑥 𝑐+𝑑𝑥
42. If 𝑎−𝑏𝑥 = 𝑏−𝑐𝑥 = 𝑐−𝑑𝑥 , x ≠ 0, then show that a, 11 n
(i) (ii)
b, c and d are in G.P.  (2 + 3 )
k
 (3 k
− 2k )

43. If a, b, c are the pth, qth and rth terms k =1 k =1

respectively of an A.P. and also the pth, qth 59. Find the sum of n terms of the numbers
and rth terms of a G.P., prove that ab – c . bc – a. 1 2 1 2 1 2
(𝑥 + 𝑥) , (𝑥 2 + ) , (𝑥 3 + ) , …..
𝑥2 𝑥3
ca – b = 1
60. Sum the series:
44. A side of an equilateral triangle is 20 cm long.
(x + y) + (x2 + xy + y2) + (x3 + x2y + xy2 + y3)
A second equilateral triangle is inscribed in it
+ … upto n terms
by joining mid-points of the sides of the first
61. Find the sum of first n terms of the series
triangle. The process is continued as shown in
i. 5 + 55 + 555 + ….
the adjoining figure. Find the perimeter of the
ii. 0.6 + 0.66 + 0.666 + …
sixth inscribed triangle.
62. The sum of first three terms of a G.P. is 16 and
45. The lengths of three unequal edges of a
the sum of the next three terms is 128.
rectangular solid block are in G.P. The volume
Determine the first term, common ratio and
of the block is 216 cm3 and its surface area is
the sum to n terms of the G.P.
252 cm2. Find the length of the longest edge.
63. If S be the sum, P the product and R the sum
46. If for a G.P., pth, qth and rth term are a, b and c
of reciprocals of n terms of a G.P. prove that
respectively; prove that :
P2 Rn = Sn.
(q – r) log a + (r – p) log b + (p – q) log c = 0
64. If S1, S2, S3 are the sum of first n, 2n, 3n terms
47. If a, b and c are in G.P. prove that :
of a G.P., then show that S1(S3–S2) = (S2– S1)2.
i. log a, log b and log c are in A.P.
65. Find the nth term of the sequence
ii. log an, log bn and log cn are in A.P.
i. 0.2, 0.22, 0.222, 0.2222, ……
ii. 0.7, 0.77, 0.777, 0.7777, ……
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EUREKA ICSE STD. X /MATHS/ CHP. 9 / ARITHMETIC & GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
66. For a sequence, if Sn = 3(2n – 1), find nth term, HOME WORK
hence show that it is a G.P. Also find the
1. Can 0 be a term of a geometric progression?
common ratio.
4𝑛 − 3𝑛
2. i. Find the next term of the list of numbers
67. For a sequence, if Sn = , find nth term. 1 1 2
3𝑛 , , 3, …
6 3
Hence show that it is a G.P. Also find the ii. Find the next term of the list of numbers
common ratio. 3 3 3 3
, − 8 , 4 , − 2 , ….
68. If S1, S2 and S3 are respectively the sum of n, 16

2n and 3n terms of a G.P. then prove that S1(S3 iii. Find the 15th term of the series
1 1
– S2) = (S2 – S1)2 √3 + √3 + 3√3 + ….
69. Determine whether the sum to infinity of the iv. Find the nth term of the list of numbers
following G.P.’s exist. In the case they exist, 1
, – 2, 4√2 , – 16, …
√2
find them
v. Find the 10th and nth terms of the list of
i. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, …..
4 4 4 4 numbers 5, 25, 125, ….
ii. 4, , , , , …… vi. Find the 6th and the nth terms of the list
3 9 27 81
iii. 1, – 3, 9, – 27, 81, …. 3
of numbers 2 , 4 , 8 , ….
3 3
3 9 27
iv. 1, 2 , 4 , , …. vii. Find the 6th term from the end of the list
8
−5 5 −5 5
v. 5, ,4, , 16 , ….. of numbers 3, – 6, 12, – 24, …, 12288
2 8
70. Express the following recurring decimals as 3. Which term of the G.P.
𝑝
rational number (i.e., in the form 𝑞) vii. 2, 2, √2, 4, …. is 128?
1 1 1
viii. 1, 3 , 9, … is 243?
i. 0.23̅̅̅̅ ii. 1.3̅ ̅̅̅̅
iii. 5.17 1 1 1 1
̅̅̅̅ v.2.356̅̅̅̅ ix. , , , ….. is 19683 ?
iv. 0.234 3 9 27
71. If the first term of a G.P. is 2 and sum to 4. Which term of the G.P. 3,– 3, 9, – 9 √3 , …. is
infinity is 6. Find the common ratio 729?
72. The sum of an infinite G.P. is
80
, and its 5. Determine the 12th term of a G.P. whose 8th
9 term is 192 and common ratio is 2
−4
common ratio is . Find its first term. 6. In a G.P., the third term is 24 and 6th term is 192.
5
73. The sum of an infinite geometric progression Find the 10th term.
is 15 and the sum of the squares of these terms 7. Find the number of terms of a G.P. whose first
is 45. Find the G.P. term is 3/4 , common ratio is 2 and the last term
74. Find the sum of infinite terms of the series is 384
2 3 2 3 2 3 8. Find the value of x such that
+ 52 + 53 + 54 + 55 + 56 + ….
5 2 7
75. Find the geometric mean between : (i) − 7 , x, − 2 are three consecutive terms of
4 9 7 a G.P.
i. and 4 ii. 14 and 32
9
(ii) x + 9, x – 6 and 4 are three consecutive
iii. 2a and 8a3
terms of a G.P.
76. Find
(iii) x, x + 3, x + 9 are first three terms of a
i. Two geometric means between 2 and 16
G.P.
ii. Four geometric means between 3 and 96
5 9. If the fourth, seventh and tenth terms of a G.P.
iii. Five geometric means between 3 and
9 are x, y, z respectively, prove that x, y, z are in
1
40 2 G.P.
77. Find the three numbers in G.P. whose sum is 10. The 5th, 8th and 11th terms of a G.P. are p, q
52 and the sum of whose product in pairs is and s respectively. Show that q2 = ps
624. 11. If a, b, c are in G.P., then show that a2, b2, c2
78. If y = x + x2 + x3 + … ∞ , where |𝑥| < 1, prove are also in G.P.
𝑦 12. If a, b, c are in A.P. then show that 3a, 3b, 3c
that : x =
1+𝑦 are in G.P.

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EUREKA ICSE STD. X /MATHS/ CHP. 9 / ARITHMETIC & GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
13. If a, b, c are in A.P., then show that 10ax + 10, 27. If a, b, c are in G.P., prove that the following
10bx + 10, 10cx + 10, x ≠ 0, are in G.P. are also in G.P.
14. If a, a2 + 2 and a3 + 10 are in G.P., then find i. a3, b3, c3
the value (s) of a. ii. a2 + b2, ab + bc, b2 + c2
15. If k, 2k + 2, 3k + 3, … are in G.P., then find 28. If a, b, c, d are in G.P. show that
the common ratio of the G.P. i. a2 + b2, b2 + c2, c2 + d2 are in G.P.
16. The first and the second terms of a G.P. are ii. (b – c)2 + (c – a)2 + (d – b)2 = (a – d)2.
x – 4 and xm. If its 8th term is x52, then find the 29. The number of bacteria in a certain culture
value of m. doubles every hour. If there were 30 bacteria
17. Find the geometric progression whose 4th term present in the culture originally, how many
is 54 and the 7th term is 1458. bacteria will be present at the end of 2nd hour,
18. The fourth term of a G.P. is the square of its 4th hour and nth hour?
second term and the first term is – 3. 30. The length of the sides of a triangle form a
Determine its seventh term. G.P. If the perimeter of the triangle is 37 cm
39
19. The sum of first three term of a G.P. is 10 and and the shortest side is of length 9 cm, find the
their product is 1. Find the common ratio and lengths of the other two sides.
the terms 31. Find the sum of
20. Three numbers are in A.P. and their sum is 15. i. 20 terms of the series 2 + 6 + 18 + …
If 1, 4 and 19 are added to these numbers ii. 10 terms of series 1 + √3 + 3 + ….
respectively, the resulting numbers are in G.P. 2 4
iii. 6 terms of the G.P. 1, − 3 , 9 , …
Find the numbers
iv. 20 terms of the G.P. 0.15, 0.015, 0.0015,
21. Three numbers form an increasing G.P. If the
….
middle term is doubled, then the new numbers
v. 100 terms of the series 0.7 + 0.07 +
are in A.P. Find the common ratio of the G.P.
0.007 + ….
22. Three numbers whose sum is 70 are in G.P. If 2
each of the extremes is multiplied by 4 and the vi. 5 terms and n terms of the series 1 + +
3
mean by 5, the numbers will be in A.P. Find 4
+ ….
9
the numbers
vii. n terms of the G.P. √7, √21 , 3√7, ….
23. There are four numbers such that first three of
viii. n terms of the G.P. 1, – a, a2, – a3, … (a
them form an A.P. and the last three form a
≠ − 1)
G.P. The sum of the first and third number is
ix. n terms of the G.P. x3, x5, x7, …. (x ≠ ±
2 and that of second and fourth is 26. What are
1)
these numbers?
32. Find the sum of the first 10 terms of the
24. i. If a, b, c are in A.P. as well in G.P. prove
that a = b = c geometric series √2 + √6 + √18 + ….
ii. If a, b, c are in A.P. as well as in G.P., 33. Find the sum of the series 81 – 27 + 9 – …. –
1
then find the value of ab – c + bc – a + ca – b 27
25. The terms of a G.P. with first term a and 1 1
[Hint : G.P. with a = 81, r = − 3 and l = − 27.
common ratio r are squared. Prove that 𝑎−𝑙𝑟
resulting numbers form a G.P. Find its first Use sum = ]
1−𝑟
term, common ratio and the nth term. 34. The nth term of a G.P. is 128 and the sum of
1 1 1 its n terms is 255. If its common ratio is 2,
26. i. If a, b, c are in G.P. show that 𝑎 , 𝑏 , 𝑐 are
then find its first term.
also in G.P.
35. If the sum of first six terms of any G.P. is equal
ii. If K is any positive real number and Ka,
to 9 times the sum of the first three terms, then
Kb, Kc are three consecutive terms of a
find the common ratio of the G.P.
G.P., prove that a, b, c are three
36. A G.P. consists of an even number of terms.
consecutive terms of an A.P.
If the sum of all the terms is 3 times the sum
iii. If p, q, r are in A.P., show that pth, qth and
of the odd terms, then find its common ratio.
rth terms of any G.P. are themselves in G.P.
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EUREKA ICSE STD. X /MATHS/ CHP. 9 / ARITHMETIC & GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
37. i. How many terms of the G.P. 3, 32, 33, …. BOARD QUESTION’S
Are needed to give the sum 120?
1. If (k – 3), (2k + 1) and (4k + 3) are three
ii. How many terms of the G.P. 1, 4, 16, …..
consecutive terms of an A.P., find the value of
must be taken to have their sum equal to
k. [2018]
341? th th
2. The 4 term of a G.P. is 16 and the 7 term is
38. How many terms of the G.P. 1, √2, 2, 2√2, …
128. Find the first term and common ratio of
are required to give a sum of 1023 (√2 + 1)? the series. [2018]
2 1 1
39. How many terms of the series 9 − 3 + 2 + …. 3. th th
The 4 term of an A.P. is 22 and 15 term is
55 66. Find the first term and the common
Will make the sum 72 ?
difference. [2018]
40. The 2nd and 5th terms of a geometric series are
1 1
Hence find the sum of the series to 8 terms.
− 2 and respectively. Find the sum of the 4. In an Arithmetic Progression (A.P) the fourth
16
series upto 8 terms and sixth terms are 8 and 14 respectively. Find
1
41. The first term of a G.P. is 27 and 8th term is . the: [2019]
81
(i) First term
Find the sum of its first 10 terms
(ii) Common difference
42. Find the first term of the G.P. whose common
(iii) Sum of the first 20 terms.
ratio is 3, last term is 486 and the sum of
5. The first and last term of a Geometrical
whose term is 728.
Progression (G.P.) are 3 and 96 respectively.
43. In a G.P. the first term is 7, the last term is 448,
If the common ratio is 2, find: [2019]
and the sum is 889. Find the common ratio
(i) ‘n’ the number of terms of the G.P.
44. Find the third term of a G.P. whose common
(ii) Sum of the n terms.
ratio is 3 and the sum of whose first seven
6. The sum of the first three terms of an
terms is 2186.
Arithmetic Progression (A.P.) is 42 and the
45. If the first term of a G.P. is 5 and the sum of
31 product of the fist and third term is 52. Find
first three terms is , find the common ratio.
5 the first term and the common difference.
46. The sum of first three terms of a G.P. is to the [2019]
sum of first six terms as 125:152. Find the 7. Find the 16 term of the A.P. 7, 11, 15, 19….
th

common ratio of the G.P. Find the sum of the first 6 terms.
47. Find the sum of the products of the [Specimen 2020]
corresponding terms of the geometric 8. nd th
The 2 and 45 term of an arithmetic
1
progression 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 128, 32, 8, 2, 2. progression are 10 and 96 respectively. Find
50 the first term and the common difference and
48. Evaluate ∑ (2𝑛 − 1)
𝑛=1
hence find the sum of the first 15 terms.
49. Find the sum of n terms of a series whose mth [Specimen 2020]
st th
term is 2m + 2m. 9. The 1 and the 8 term of a GP are 4 and 512
50. Sum the series respectively. Find: [Specimen 2020]
x(x + y) + x2(x2 + y2) + x3(x3 + y3) + … to n (i) the common ratio
terms (ii) the sum of its first 5 terms.
51. Find the sum of the series 10. If the 6th of an A.P. is equal to four times its
1 + (1 + x) + (1 + x + x2) + …. to n terms, first term and the sum of first six term is 75,
x ≠ 1. find the first term and the common difference.
52. Find the sum of the following series to n [2020]
th th
terms: 11. The 4 , 6 and the last term of a geometric
i. 7 + 77 + 777 + … progression are 10, 40 and 640 respectively. If
ii. 8 + 88 + 888 + …. the common ratio is possible, find the first
iii. 0.5 + 0.55 + 0.555 + …. term, common ratio and the number of terms
of the series. [2020]

81